1,720,964 research outputs found
Celebrating Multi-Religious Co-Existence in Central Kurdistan: the Bio-Culturally Diverse Traditional Gathering of Wild Vegetables among Yazidis, Assyrians, and Muslim Kurds
No full textAn ethnobotanical field study focusing on traditional wild vegetables was conducted in 22 villages of Central Kurdistan among three ethno-religious groups: Yazidis, Christian Assyrians, and (Sunni) Muslim Kurds. Through 91 interviews with elderly informants, we recorded the folk uses of 54 identified botanical taxa. We also observed important differences among these three groups in the use of wild vegetables that reflect the historical prevalence of pastoralism versus horticulture among Kurds and Assyrians, respectively. The preservation of the peaceful co-existence of different cultural and religious groups in the study area is crucial for the maintenance of the rich wild plant food local heritage
LIFE+ Programme for Restoration of Wooded Meadows
Full text linkPuisniidud on pika aja jooksul olnud Eestile iseloomulikud poollooduslikud kooslused, mille
hooldamine ei ole tänapäeval enam majanduslikult tasuv. Seetõttu toetatakse puisniitude taastamist
ja majandamist avaliku sektori vahenditest. Üks puisniitude taastamise rahastamisallikaid on
Euroopa keskkonnaprojektide programm LIFE+. Eesti teadlased on töötanud välja mitmeid
põhimõtteid puisniitude taastamiseks ning neid tuleks LIFE+ programmist raha taotlemisel ja tööde
kavandamisel võimalikult palju arvestada.
Töö eesmärgiks on hinnata puisniitude majandamise ja taastamise toetamist LIFE+ programmi
meetme abil ning selgitada selle vastavust teadlaste poolt soovitatud puisniitude majandamise
põhimõtetele. Töös analüüsitakse LIFE+ programmi raames kavandatavat Puisniidu LIFE+
projekti, millega taotletakse vahendeid puisniitude taastamiseks 1000 ha ulatuses.
Töö teoreetilises osas käsitletakse puisniitude olemust, liigirikkust ning nende majandamise ja
taastamise põhimõtteid. Töös läbiviidav empiiriline analüüs põhineb LIFE+ programmi raames
kavandatava Puisniidu LIFE+ projekti analüüsil.
Töös läbiviidud analüüsi tulemused näitavad, et Puisniidu LIFE+ projektis on taastatavate alade
valikul arvestatud sellekohaste teoreetiliste seisukohtadega. Taastavate alade valikul arvestatakse
nende kasutamisega tulevikus,-ja paiknemisega kaitsealadel (loodusdirektiivi aladel). Samuti
eelistatakse puisniite, mis asuvad teiste poollooduslike koosluste läheduses ning mis on hea
juurdepääsuga. Projekti raames taastavate alade kohta võetakse maaomanike nõusolek nende
hooldamiseks järgmise 12 aasta jooksul. Samuti võetakse arvesse alade looduskaitselist väärtust
ja ligipääsetavust. Taastatavaid puisniite hakatakse majandama heinamaadena, mida võib pidada
eelistatumaks kasutusviisiks võrreldes karjatamiseks kasutamisega.Wooded meadows have covered vast areas in the past in Estonia, but during the 20th century
they lost their economic significance.. Thus, public sector supports maintenance and
restoration of wooded meadows. Among different measures, LIFE+ Programme can be used
for financing restoration of wooded meadows. Scientists have made worked out several
principles how wooded meadows should be managed and restored and it is a question if and
to what extent LIFE+ Programme allows following them.
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate options for management and restoration of wooded
meadows by LIFE+ Programme and to find out to what extent it corresponds to principles
proposed by the scientists. WOODMEADOWLIFE project, which is currently in the status
of proposal, was analyzed in the thesis. The project aims at restoration of 1000 ha of wooded
meadows in Estonia.
The analysis reached to a conclusion that principles suggested by scientist are followed in
restored area selection in WOODMEADOWLIFE project. The areas will be selected in
manner that they will be managed for the next 12 years. Only wooded meadows in Natura
2000 areas will be restored as they are covered with the obligation of maintenance. It will
make preservation of the restored areas more likely. The restored wooded meadows will be
used as grasslands, which is theoretically preferred to grazing. The main priority will be
given to restoration of old wooded meadows with high value from the viewpoint of nature
protection
The selection of wooded meadows to be restored in Saare county
Full text linkEestis leiduvate, ainulaadsete, suure bioloogilise mitmekesisusega poollooduslike koosluste pindala
on viimase poolsajandi jooksul drastiliselt vähenenud. Selle põhjused on kollektiviseerimine,
maaparandus, loomakasvatuse intensiivistumine, väiketalude kadumine, maade kultuuristamine ja
suurte põllumajandusmasinate kasutuselevõtmine. Selleks, et antud koosluste pindala enam ei
väheneks ega lõplikult ei kaoks on Keskkonnaamet läbi viinud mitmeid erinevaid projekte. Antud töö
eesmärk on määrata kindlaks suure taastamisväärtuse ja potentsiaaliga puisniidud mis asuvad Saare
maakonnas. Selleks on kasutatud Pärandkoosluste Kaitse Ühingu, Natura 2000 elupaikade ja
Keskkonnaregistri Poollooduslike koosluste andmebaasi. Selliste puisniitude väljaselgitamiseks on
nende andmebaaside alusel koostatud uus, MapInfo kaardikiht. Selle kaardikihi põhjal on tehtud
esmased taastatavate alade valikud. Nendel projektialadel paiknevate kinnistute omanikele on
saadetud Pärandkoosluste Kaitse Ühingu poolt kirjad koostööpakkumise ja projektis osalemise
võimaluste tutvustamisega. Saare maakonnas on moodustatud 25 projektiala ja saadetud
koostööpakkumine 501 maaomanikule. Kokku on antud töö raames välja valitud 1311 ha
potentsiaalselt taastatavaid väärtuslike puisniite. Lisaks on valitud puisniitude taastamiseks ja
edaspidiseks hooldamiseks kõige sobilikum tehnika. Peale maaomanikelt nõusolekute saamist
nende kinnistutel puisniidu taastamiseks koostatakse Keskkonnaameti poolt rahastustaotlus
Euroopa Liidu Nature fondi. Antud projekti lõpptulemusena on kogu Eestis taastatud ja hooldatud
ca 1000 ha väärtuslike ja ainulaadseid puisniite. Käesolev puisniitude taastamise projekt on
analoogne juba töösolevale LIFE to alvars ehk Elu loopealsetele projektile.The area of unique, highly biodiverse semi-natural habitats in Estonia has drastically reduced over
the last half a century. This is due to collectivization, soil improvements, livestock production
intensification, disappearance of small farms, cultivation of the land as well as the use of big
agricultural machinery. The Environmental Agency has carried out various projects to stop the
areas of these habitats to decrease even more or to disappear completely.
The aim of my thesis is to identify the wooded meadows with big restoration value and potential
located in Saare county. Different databases by Estonian Seminatural Communities Conservation
Association, Natura 2000 habitation and semi-natural community database by Environmental
Registry has been used for this. In order to identify the wooded meadows, the data from those
databases have been compiled into a new MapInfo map layer. Based on this map layer, the initial
selection of the wooded meadows to be restored has been made. A letter offering coworking
opportunity and information about participating in the project, has been sent to the land owners,
whose land is in the project area, by the Estonian Seminatural Communities Conservation. In
Saaremaa, 25 project sites has been formed and a letter of coworking has been sent to 501 land
owners. In total 1311 ha of potentially valuable wooded meadows to be restored has been
identified in this work. Additionally, a recommendation for the technology best suited for
restoration and future maintenance has been made. After receiving the letter of consents from
the landowners in whose land the wooded meadows are to be restored, Estonian Environmental
Agency submits an application for funding to the European Union’s Nature Fond. As a result of this
project, around 1000 ha of valuable and unique wooded meadows will be restored and maintained
in the whole of Estonia. This project of restoring the wooded meadows is similar to the already
established LIFE to Alvars project
Plant blindness and noticing of plants in Tartu urban nature
Full text linkMagistritöö
Kalanduse ja rakendusökoloogia õppekavalSeoses urbaniseerumisega on viimastel kümnenditel järjest rohkem uue teadussuunana
levima hakanud taimepimedus ning sellega kaasnevad negatiivsed mõjud.
Urbaniseerumise surve elurikkusele ei mõjuta ainult elusloodust vaid ka linnades elavaid
inimesi. Niisuguste negatiivsete mõjude leevendamiseks on vaja otsida uusi lahendusi
ning meetodeid, mis aitaksid linnaloodust ning inimesi paremini ühendada.
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli hinnata taimepimeduse olukorda Tartu linnas võttes
aluseks inimese ja taimede omavahelised interaktsioonid linnakeskkonnas. Selleks püüti
töötada välja meetod selle fenomeni hindamiseks linnakeskkonnas ning analüüsida
taimepimeduse erinevaid aspekte. Töös kasutati kvalitatiivset meetodit. Töös püstitatud
eesmärkide saavutamiseks järgiti harrastusteaduse põhimõtteid. Elanike kaasamiseks
töösse koostati loetelukatsel põhinev küsimustik, mida levitati veebipõhiselt. Küsimusi
esitati ning formuleeriti lähtuvalt inimestest endast. Andmete kvalitatiivseks analüüsiks
moodustati vastuste põhjal eemilised kategooriad.
Looduslike puude ja põõsaste kategoorias olid populaarsemad kask, tamm, pärn, vaher,
kastan, mänd, kuusk, pihlakas, sirel ning õunapuu. Rahvapoolsed taimede kirjeldused
viitavad keeles selleks vajaliku sõnavara mittetundmist, mis on autori arvates üheks
taimepimeduse tunnuseks.
Rohttaimede kategoorias nimetati esimestena kümne seast võilille, ristikheina, teelehte,
naati, raudrohtu, orasheina, naistepuna, nurmenukku, metsmaasikat ja kortslehte.
Kirjeldused näitasid, et inimesed ei pea enam oluliseks neid meelde jätta ning puuduvad
ka oskused neid oma sõnadega kirjeldada.
Kultuur-, ilu- ja viljapuude kategoorias nimetasid inimesed enim õunapuud, sirelit, kirssi,
elupuud, viirpuud, kaske, pihlakat, pirni, kibuvitsa ning kreegipuud.
Taimede valikut põhjendatakse taimepimedusele viitavate üldistavate sõnadega ning
nende eristamist ei peeta enam oluliseks.
Antud töös kasutatud metoodika on uudne ning pole varasemalt sellisel kujul
taimepimeduse hindamisel kasutatud. Uudse uurimissuunana on koostatud töö aluseks ka
järgnevatele uurijatele ning ka õpetajatele koolides. Antud tööga tõestati taimepimedust
ka keelelisel tasemel, võimaldades seda kasutada rakenduslingvistikast kuni
rakendusbioloogiani. Lisaks aitab töö kaasa kohalike omavalitsuste rohealade
planeerimistele ning avaliku kaasamisele nendesse.In relation to urbanisation during the last decades, plant blindness and its negative effects has
started to emerge as a new scientific approach.
Not only nature but the people living in the towns and cities are affected by the pressure put
on biodiversity by urbanisation processes. To relieve these types of negative effects new
solutions and methods should be found that would help to connect urban nature with the people.
The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate the plant blindness situation in Tartu on a basis
of interactions between humans and plants within the urban environment.
In order to achieve it a method was created to evaluate and analyse different aspects of plant
blindness as a phenomena in urban environments. A qualitative method was used in the present
thesis. To achieve the presented goals principles of citizen science were applied.
To achieve public involvement a questionnaire based on semantic priming was created and
spread online. Questions were presented and formulated in relation to respondents. Emic
categories based on answers were formed in order to conduct a qualitative analysis.
Amongst the categories of natural trees and bushes most popular were the birch, the oak, the
maple, the chestnut tree, the pine, the spruce, the rowan, the lilac and the apple tree. Plant
descriptions given by people refer to the lack in vocabulary that the author of this thesis
considers to be one of the aspects of plant blindness.
Amongst the categories of herbaceous forage the first out of the ten namings were dandelion,
clover, plantain, ground elder, couch grass, St. John's wort, cowslip, wild strawberry and ladies
mantle. The descriptions pointed out that people do not consider it relevant to memorise these
namings and there is also a lack in vocabulary for describing these plants.
In the category of cultivated, ornamental and fruit trees people named mostly apple tree, lilac,
cherry tree, thuja, hawthorn, birch, rowan, pear tree, rosehip and plum.
People often reason their selection with generalised wordings that refer to plant blindness and
they do not consider differentiation to be important.
The methodology used in the present thesis is unique and has not been used in such a way to
evaluate plant blindness.
It has been composed as a new way of research for the following researchers and
schoolteachers. Present thesis proves plant blindness in linguistic level enabling its usage in
applied linguistics and applied biology.
In addition to the mentioned aspects it helps local governments in planning green areas and
also in including the public
Management Plan for Tihu Site of Community Importance for 2014–2023
No full textTihu loodusala on rahvusvahelise tähtsusega Natura 2000 võrgustiku ala Hiiumaal, mis koosneb kolmest looduskaitselisest objektist. Loodusalal kaitstavad objektid on Tihu looduskaitseala, euroopa naaritsa Vanajõe püsielupaik ja Vanajõe hoiuala.
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärk on koondada ja analüüsida antud ala kohta olemasolevaid andmeid, tutvustada ala väärtusi ja anda soovitusi väärtuste hoidmiseks. Magistritöö praktiliseks väljundiks on nimetatud alale kaitsekorralduskava koostamine aastateks 2014–2023.
Töö koostamisel tugineti erinevatele seadustele ja määrustele, liikide tegevuskavadele. Vajalikud andmed: elupaigatüüpide inventuurid, Maa-ameti põhikaart, maaüksuste andmed, saadi Keskkonnaametilt. Elustiku ja metsade andmed pärinevad Keskkonnaagentuurilt. Rohkelt saadi teavet erialateadmistega spetsialistidelt ja organisatsioonidelt.Tihu Site of Community Importance (SCI), sited in Hiiumaa, has the international importance in Natura 2000 ecological network. Tihu SCI consists of three protected areas regulated by the Nature Conservation Act: Tihu Nature Reserve, Vanajõe European Mink’s species protection site and Vanajõe special conservation area.
This MSc thesis aims to bring together and analyze the available data on the site, introducing conservation values of the area and make recommendations for the necessary management measures needed. The practical outcome of this work is the management plan for Tihu Site of Community Importance for the years 2014–2023.
Management plan is based on different laws and regulations, along with species action plans. Necessary data, like habitat inventories, Estonian Land Board’s basic map, land units data, were obtained from the Environmental Board. Data of biota and forests was achieved from the Environment Agency. With the help of experts and corresponding organizations, a lot of information was used in the management plan
Managing of invasive alien species: an example of Impatiens glandulifera Royle
No full textVõõrliikide laialdane levik on kaasa toonud hulgaliselt erinevaid probleeme, mis ennekõike ohustavad kohalikku bioloogilist mitmekesisust. Tulenevalt probleemide intensiivistumisele, on hakatud järjest rohkem võõrliike ohjama. Tõhus ohjamine tugineb neljale ohjamistsükli osale: 1) probleemide ennetamine, 2) liikide varajane märkamine ja kiire reageerimine, 3) liikide tõrjumine ning 4) hilisem seire. Käesoleva töö üheks eesmärgiks oligi anda ülevaade võõrliikide ohjamisest ja selle kui protsessi olemusest. Põhjalikumalt keskenduti võõrtaimeliikide ohjamisele ning konkreetsemalt verevale lemmmaltsale.
Töö teiseks ning peamisemaks eesmärgiks oli hinnata võõrliik verev lemmmaltsa tõrje edukust ühe vegetatsiooniperioodi jooksul. Püstitatud eesmärgi saavutamiseks viidi antud võõrtaimeliigiga läbi tõrjumiskatse. Katse sooritati Viljandimaal kahes Eesti suurimas vereva lemmmaltsa metsistunud populatsioonis. Katse käigus katsetati kahte tõrjemeetodit: niitmist ja kitkumist. Katsealadele oli konstrueeritud 3x3 erinevat proovilappi, millest kolm olid niidetavad, kolm kitkutavad ja kolm kontroll ehk nulltöötlusega. Tõrje edukuse hindamiseks mõõdeti kõikidel proovilappidel erinevaid taimede parameetreid, milleks olid taimede arvukus, ohtrus, lehtede pikkus ja laius ning taimede kõrgus.
Tuginedes andmeanalüüsi tulemustele, võib väita, et vereva lemmmaltsa tõrjumine mõjutas oluliselt nii taimede elujõudu kui ka produktiivsust. Kõige rohkem mõjutas tõrjumine elujõuliste taimede keskmist arvukust. Arvukuse langus oli peale teist kontrollvaatlust madalaim niidetavatel aladel. Lisaks võis niidetavate alade puhul märgata ka seda, tõrjumine oli pärssinud elujõuliste taimede lehtede- ja kõrguskasvu, mis olid mõnevõrra väiksemad kui kitkutavatel aladel kasvavate elujõuliste taimede samad näitajad. Seega võib antud katse puhul järeldada, et kasutusel olnud tõrjemeetoditest oli mõnevõrra efektiivsem niitmine.The extensive spread of non-native species has caused a lot of problems which mostly endanger the local biodiversity. Due to the intensive problems, people have paid a more attention to the management. Effective management of non-native species is relying on four management cycles which: 1) prevent the problems, 2) early detect the non-native species and then response rapidly, 3) eradicate the non-native species and 4) monitore them later. One of the aims of this thesis was to give an overview of the non-native species management. Closely were dedicated on the management of non-native plant species and particularly on the I. glandulifera.
The second and main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the success of the eradication of the I. glandulifera during the one vegetation period. To achieve the goal there was made an experiment where I. glandulifera plants were eradicated. The experiment was made in Viljandimaa in two Estonian biggest populations of I. glandulifera. During the experiment there were tested two eradication methods: mowing and pulling. On the test areas there were designed 3x3 different plots. Three of them were mowed, three pulled and other three were control plots with no treatment. To evaluate the success of the eradication different parameters were measured on all plots. Parameters were: the number and abundance of plants, the length and width of leaves and hight of plants.
Relying on the results of the statistic analysis it can be said that the eradication had a significant effect of the plants vitality and productivity. Mostly was affected the amount of plants, which decreased significantly. After the second controlling examination the amount of plants were the lowest on the mowing plots. In addition the dimensions of the leaves and hight of plants were also smaller on the mowing plots than on the pulling plots. Focusing on the previous results it can be said that mowing was a little bit more effective eradication method than pulling
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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