1,720,965 research outputs found
Unknown Deformations on the Facades of the Pyramid of Khafre at Giza Pyramid Complex in Egypt
No full textAbstractThe pyramids of Giza in Egypt are the architectural heritage of ancient civilizations and for many thousand years served as great examples of ancient design, planning and construction solutions. Their scale is grandiose and the attempts of ancient architects to find perfect forms to ensure the structure stands for eternity are admirable. The initial geometry of the structures, their form, proportions and symmetry, was adapted to construction material and technologies available at that time. However, during more than 4500 years these monuments were damaged and partly destroyed; some pyramids were razed to the ground due to construction faults and seismic activity. The second largest pyramid at Giza is the pyramid of Khafre. This monument was not reconstructed and rebuild, therefore it was chosen as an object of our study. During the time period of 2009 – 2012 the photographic documentation of the facades of this pyramid was performed, fixing the location of fractures, cracks and displacement of construction blocks. The location of major fractures and cracks was verified in situ in 2012 and confirmed the validity of the interpretations. Several types of fractures and cracks were identified. One of the types indicates the detachment of stone blocks from the massive crack. The other type refers to the long linear cracks and fracture areas traceable through the major part of the pyramid's facade, threatening the stability and integrity of the whole structure
Senākie māla keramikas izstrādājumu kompozīti Senajā Ēģiptē
No full textSenajā Ēģiptē keramikas izstrādājumu
kompozīti zināmi aptuveni kopš 4000 g. pr.Kr., un visplašāk tie
tiek veidoti, pārklājot māla keramikas traukus ar glazūrām un
izgatavojot glazētas sienu flīzes un citus priekšmetus. Šo
izstrādājumu kvalitāte ir ļoti augsta, kas apliecina seno
tehnoloģiju attīstību un meistaru prasmes. Pētījumā ir parādīti
svarīgākie kvalitāti nodrošinošie ražošanas posmi – no izejvielām
līdz zīmoliem, kas varētu veicināt līdzīgu inovāciju izstrādi
mūsdienās
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE OLD KINGDOM OF ANCIENT EGYPT
No full textDISERTĀCIJA
ĢEOLOĢISKO ZINĀŠANU ATTĪSTĪBA SENĀS VALSTS LAIKĀ
ĒĢIPTĒ
Anotācija
Promocijas darbs ir veltīts ģeoloģisko zināšanu apguves un pieauguma
novērtēšanai Ēģiptē Senās valsts laikā. Galvenais pētījuma objekts ir Džosera piramīda
Sakārā. Pētījumā ir izdalīti vairāki piramīdas būvniecības posmi, kuros būtiski atšķiras
izmantotā būvakmens un saistvielu kvalitāte. Pētījumā secināts, ka šajā vēsturiskajā posmā
atsevišķu amatnieku iepriekšējās pakāpeniski uzkrātās zināšanas tiek apkopotas savulaik
lielākās sakrālās būves izveidei. Tā atspoguļo Senās valsts pārvaldes augsto centralizācijas
pakāpi un daudzlīmeņu darba organizāciju lielajās būvēs, tajā skaitā, būvniecībai
nepieciešamo materiālu meklēšanu, to ieguvi un sagatavošanu izmantošanai konkrētām
būvniecības vajadzībām. Seno būvju sistemātiska analīze un pētījumu augsta detalitāte ļauj
secināt, kā Senajā Ēģiptē mainījās un pieauga ģeoloģiskās zināšanas.
Raksturvārdi: Senā valsts, būvmateriāli, dēdēšanas novērtēšana, 3D modeļi, ģeoloģiskās
zināšanas.DOCTORAL THESIS
THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE
OLD KINGDOM OF ANCIENT EGYPT
Abstract
This doctoral thesis reflects the analysis of development of geological knowledge
in the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The main object of this study is the Step Pyramid of
Djoser. This pyramid was built in several construction stages that differ in the quality of
stone material and mortar used. The results of the study indicate that the skills and
knowledge of craftsmen were gradually accumulated and resulted in construction of large
stone monuments. It denotes high level of state administration and management of work in
a large scale projects, including research and extraction of raw materials and their
processing for particular needs. Systematic analysis of ancient monuments and high degree
of detailed elaboration allow us to apply this evidence as an indicator to evaluate the
development of geological knowledge in Ancient Egypt.
Keywords: Old Kingdom, construction materials, assessment of weathering, 3D models,
geological knowledge
Application of Building Stone in the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt as an Indicator of Changes in Knowledge
No full textThe study investigates the construction stages, materials and binder used in the Step Pyramid of Djoser to determine its current state of preservation. This research has allowed identifying 5 different building stone selection stages, marking the development of knowledge on construction materials and their properties. This pyramid is exposed to deterioration processes threatening stability of the structure. Unconsidered restoration strategy just aggravates the situation, but this study would assist in elaboration of appropriate conservation measures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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