14 research outputs found
Family dynamics in home-based care settings of Zimbabwe’s Eastern Highlands in Mutasa North rural district
No full textMagister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Ever since United Nations’ declaration of 1994 as the Year of the Family, the study and understanding of families has taken center stage, albeit with constant references to ‘normal’ versus ‘deviant’ families based on structural functionalism theory’s rigid definitions of what a ‘normal’ family should be. On the other hand HIV/AIDS has attracted much attention too because of its life threatening traits, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where Zimbabwe lies. Efforts to fight the epidemic have seen the mushrooming of innovative programs, which include home–based care (HBC) services for those infected with HIV. However, although HIV and AIDS has clearly had adverse impacts on families, it is rarely discussed within perspectives that integrate family dynamics. To fill this gap this study has explored how HBC, as a response to HIV and AIDS, may change our understanding of families. Research data was gathered within the participatory action research design through methods such as focus group discussions by 35 HBC volunteers and patients, interviews of 26 of these, review of relevant family policies and other interactive participatory exercises by which research participants expressed their opinions through drawings. The evaluation showed that households were not always synonymous with families, although a thin line divided the two. Further, survival considerations are the leading priority why people find themselves in families within HBC settings. However, survival options available to women are exploitative and this has kept those in HBC settings reeling under the burden of demanding but unrewarded care work and domestic household jobs. The study teaches that families cannot be understood in aggregated terms and that individuals dictate what families become, not the other way round. The research essentially recommends policy revisions to reflect unique realities found in HBC settings, and among female HBC volunteers. This should be coupled with awareness campaigns in communities and further research on families
Family dynamics in home-based care settings of Zimbabwe’s Eastern Highlands in Mutasa North rural district
No full textMagister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)Ever since United Nations’ declaration of 1994 as the Year of the Family, the study and understanding of families has taken center stage, albeit with constant references to ‘normal’ versus ‘deviant’ families based on structural functionalism theory’s rigid definitions of what a ‘normal’ family should be. On the other hand HIV/AIDS has attracted much attention too because of its life threatening traits, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where Zimbabwe lies. Efforts to fight the epidemic have seen the mushrooming of innovative programs, which include home–based care (HBC) services for those infected with HIV. However, although HIV and AIDS has clearly had adverse impacts on families, it is rarely discussed within perspectives that integrate family dynamics. To fill this gap this study has explored how HBC, as a response to HIV and AIDS, may change our understanding of families. Research data was gathered within the participatory action research design through methods such as focus group discussions by 35 HBC volunteers and patients, interviews of 26 of these, review of relevant family policies and other interactive participatory exercises by which research participants expressed their opinions through drawings. The evaluation showed that households were not always synonymous with families, although a thin line divided the two. Further, survival considerations are the leading priority why people find themselves in families within HBC settings. However, survival options available to women are exploitative and this has kept those in HBC settings reeling under the burden of demanding but unrewarded care work and domestic household jobs. The study teaches that families cannot be understood in aggregated terms and that individuals dictate what families become, not the other way round. The research essentially recommends policy revisions to reflect unique realities found in HBC settings, and among female HBC volunteers. This should be coupled with awareness campaigns in communities and further research on families
Impact Evaluation of Zimbabwe Cyclone Idai Recovery Project (ZIRP) Chipinge 2024
No full textThis evaluation assessed the impact of Oxfam’s response to the devastating impacts of Cyclone Idai on human lives after its destruction of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure in Zimbabwe’s Chipinge District (Manicaland Province). Oxfam’s response involved developing solar–powered piped water schemes; rehabilitating boreholes; protecting springs; constructing institutional and household latrines, and; promoting improved hygiene practices and community disaster risk management. Issues such as reduced risks of gender-based violence, reduced risks of child labour, increased school attendance and reduced incidences of WASH related infections are discussed in this report
Preparation, characterization and optimization of carbamazepine based pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization technique
No full textCarbamazepine (CBZ) is an oral antiepileptic drug (AED) that is prescribed as a first-line treatment for partial seizures. CBZ is a class II compound according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), hence it exhibits low aqueous solubility and high gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability..
Crisis in education and culture and its social reflection on women: A case study of Zimbabwe
No full textThis paper looks at the crisis of women's education in Zimbabwe from a socio-cultural
point of view; or what the author terms "educulture".
The main argument of the paper is that in spite of numerous post-independence changes,
such as free primary education, the Legal Age of Majority Act, the creation of a Ministry dealing specifically with women's affairs, etc, women still find themselves in a man's world. This is evidenced by institutionalised biases against women in education and training, which tend to channel women towards "female" courses, such as nursing, teaching, hairdressing, etc., while keeping them out of "male" jobs such as engineering, mechanics, architecture, and limited decision-making powers.
The bias against women exists at various levels, argues the author. For example, if a
schoolgirl falls pregnant, she is automatically expelled from school, while her partner is free to continue his education. This type of discrimination goes beyond the realm of the
classroom into the domain of law which regards abortion, baby dumping and prostitution as crimes but only punishes the woman.
Adult literacy, which was introduced to redress past injustices - both colonial and
traditional - has not benefited the majority of women, either. This is because women,
particularly in the rural areas, must bear the treble workload of tilling infertile land, raising children and single-handedly maintaining cohesive families, not to mention
fetching water, collecting firewood, etc.
In her concluding remarks, the author calls for a change in society's attitudes, greater
access to decision-making powers for women and equality before the law in matters
pertaining to abortion, baby dumping and prostitution which are conveniently labelled
"female crimes"
Grass and lupin silage in rations for beef steers supplemented with barley or potatoes
No full textTwenty-eight Simmental-cross steers weighing 200 (+/- 20.5) kg were used to evaluate grass and whole plant lupin silages in terms of growth rate, dry matter (DM) intake and carcass characteristics. The chemical composition of the silages was determined and Dacron bag procedures were used to estimate DM and protein degradability. The silages were supplemented with either rolled barley or crushed potato. The lupin silage had a lactic acid fermentation with lower DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and protein nitrogen than the grass silage but higher crude protein. There were no statistically significant differences in gain, carcass weight, dressing percentage or backfat levels between steers fed lupin or grass silage. DM intake of the silages was not significantly different but there was a tendency for lower DM intake of lupin silage when supplemented with potatoes. There was no difference in DM degradability between lupin and grass silages. Lupin nitrogen degraded at a significantly faster rate (24.5% h-1) compared with the grass (10.4% h-1). The effective degradation of nitrogen at a ruminal fractional outflow rate of 0.05 h-1 was 63.8% and 79.1% for grass and lupin silage, respectively. Ensiling whole plant lupin can produce a high quality silage for use in beef rations.PT: J; CR: 1984, NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT 1984, REPORT PROTEIN GROUP 1988, SAS STAT USERS GUIDE 1990, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA BUTTERY PJ, 1977, RECENT ADV ANIMAL NU, P8 CASTLE ME, 1984, GRASS FORAGE SCI, V39, P287 CHOU KC, 1964, J AGR SCI, V62, P15 CONE JW, 1991, J SCI FOOD AGR, V54, P23 DEBOEVER JL, 1983, REV AGR-BRUSSELS, V36, P403 DEBRABANDER DL, 1982, REV AGR-BRUSSELS, V35, P3269 DULPHY JP, 1981, INRA PUBL, P81 GLADSTONES JS, 1970, FIELD CROPS ABSTRACT, V23, P123 GOERING HK, 1970, USDA HDB, V379 HVELPLUND T, 1990, STUDY QUANTITATIVE N, P214 MACLEOD JA, 1987, LUPINS POTENTIAL CRO MAKONI NF, 1991, CAN J ANIM SCI, V71, P245 MCQUEEN RE, 1981, LABORATORY EVALUATIO, P87 MERTENS DR, 1989, 1989 P PAC NW NUTR C, P1 ORSKOV ER, 1969, ANIM PROD, V11, P187 ORSKOV ER, 1979, J AGR SCI, V92, P499 PAINE CA, 1982, OCCASIONAL PUBLICATI, V6, P177 PUTNAM DH, 1991, PRODUCTION FACTORS W, P6 ROSS GJS, 1987, MLP MAXIMUM LIKELIHO SARIC O, 1981, 16 P INT GRASSL C, P204 SHELDRICK RD, 1980, GRASS FORAGE SCI, V35, P323 SPICER LA, 1986, J ANIM SCI, V62, P521 THOMAS C, 1988, BRIT GRASSLANDS SOC, V22, P115 THOMAS PC, 1982, FORAGE PROTEIN CONSE, P121 TISSERAND JL, 1982, 2ND P INT LUP C VANSOEST PJ, 1967, J ASSOC OFF ANA CHEM, V50, P50 WILLIAMS W, 1986, 4TH P INT LUP C GER, P1; NR: 31; TC: 3; J9: ANIM FEED SCI TECH; PG: 11; GA: KP899Source type: Electronic(1
"É língua oficial de Timor-Leste, quer não quer nós temos que falar": reflexões sobre políticas e práticas linguísticas em Díli
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2015.Este estudo nasce do interesse da autora de problematizar as políticas linguísticas em contextos de antigas colônias portuguesas. Nesse caso, especificamente, é uma tentativa de compreender as dinâmicas do(s) discurso(s) que permeia(m) a oficialização da língua portuguesa em Timor-Leste e sua relação com as práticas linguísticas cotidianas adotadas pela população que vive e transita em Díli, capital do país e também por timorenses que escolheram estudar no Brasil. Um dos objetivos desse trabalho é tentar relatar a construção discursiva da política linguística timorense, por meio de documentos que definem as políticas linguísticas institucionais e, a partir daí, confrontar essa análise com outra, a das práticas linguísticas cotidianas. Timor-Leste é o único país asiático integrante da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa, bloco de Estados que se definem a partir do fato de partilharem a língua portuguesa como idioma oficial. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa busca inspiração na linguística aplicada crítica e nos estudos pós-coloniais (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; MAKONI, 2006, 2007, 2012; MOITA LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, 2001, 2007, 2010; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003, 2004). Além disso, propõe um diálogo com os estudos culturais (HALL, 2005) para refletir sobre categorias como cultura e identidade, recorrentes nos documentos oficiais como justificativa da oficialização da língua portuguesa (TIMOR-LESTE, 2002, 2008, 2012). O trabalho seguiu duas etapas metodológicas interligadas. A partir da análise de documentos oficiais de políticas linguísticas daquele país ? a Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A Importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; e o Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 ? procurou observar a relação do que institucionalmente está localizado em um plano ideal com o que é manifestado por duas comunidades de prática (ECKERT, 1992) específicas: a de estudantes timorenses que frequentam o ensino superior na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) e a de estudantes finalistas do curso de Formação de Professores de uma universidade em Díli. Além destas comunidades de prática, considerou-se, também, a paisagem linguística (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) multilíngue da capital timorense, onde a autora viveu e trabalhou por um ano. A provocação contida nesse trabalho é que discursos institucionais monofônicos constroem a imagem de uma identidade nacional fixa. Por outro lado, as práticas cotidianas revelam um ambiente polifônico, híbrido e conflituoso. Por fim, a dissertação pretende contribuir para reflexões críticas sobre a relação política entre língua(s), cultura(s) e identidade(s) ao explorar o processo de construção política da ideia de língua.Abstract : This study starts from the interest of the author in discussing the linguistic policies in former portuguese colonies contexts. In this case, specifically, is an attempt to understand the dynamics of the discourse(s) that addresses the officialization of the portuguese language in Timor-Leste and its relation with the language practices adoptedby the population that lives and moves in Dili, the country capital. The aim of this study is to try to report the discursive construction of the timorese languistic policy, through documents that define the institutional languistic policies and compare this analysis with the language of everyday practices. Timor-Leste is the only Asian country member of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries, an institution that are defined from the fact that share portuguese as an official language. From a theoretical approach, the research seeks inspiration in critical applied linguistics and postcolonial studies (CANAGARAJAH, 2005; Makoni, [2006], [2007], [2012]; MOITA-LOPES, 2013; PENNYCOOK, [2001], [2007], [2010]; RAJAGOPALAN, [2003], [2004]). It also proposes a dialogue with cultural studies (HALL, 2005) to think on categories such as culture and identity, which are present in official documents to justify the officialization of the portuguese language (TIMOR-LESTE, [2002], [2008], [2012]). This study comprises two methodological steps. From the analysis of official documents of language policies of Timor-Leste - the Constituição da República Democrática de Timor-Leste; a Lei de Bases da Educação; a Resolução do Parlamento Nacional sobre ?A importância da Promoção e do Ensino nas Línguas Oficiais para a Unidade e Coesão Nacionais e para a Consolidação de uma Identidade Própria e Original no Mundo?; and the Plano do Ministério da Educação 2013-2017 - sought to look on the relation between what is institutionally located as an ideal and what is show up by two communities of practice (ECKERT, 1992): the timorese students at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) and senior students from an university in Dili: and the linguistic landscape (LANDRY & BOURHIS, 1997) of the Timor-Leste?s, capital city, where the author lived and worked for one year. The set here is that monophonic institutional discourses construct a fixed national identity. On the other hand, the linguistic practices reveal a polyphonic, hybrid and conflicted environment. Finally, this study aims to contribute for the critical reflections on the political connection between language(s), culture(s) and identity(s), through scanning the process of political language construction
Poetess Aspasia – Literary Heroine in the Latvian and in the Foreign Literature
No full textDarba autore ir Zane Grīnberga.
Izstrādātā zinātniskā darba tēma ir dzejniece Aspazija – literārā varone latviešu un ārzemju literatūrā. Pētījums ir veikts par dzejnieci latviešu literatūras vēsturē.
Bakalaura darbā, veicot pētījumu par dzejnieci Aspaziju, tika izmantotas salīdzinošā pētījuma metode un klasiskā literāro tēlu analīze, aplūkojot Jāľa Kalniľa biogrāfisko romānu „Rainis‖ (1977), Baľutas Rubess muzikālo lugu „Tango Lugāno‖ (1987), Roalda Dobrovenka biogrāfisko romānu „Rainis un viņa brāļi: viena dzejnieka septiņas dzīves‖ (1999), Kjāras Makoni garais stāsts „Sarkanā komēta: Kādas tikšanās hronika‖ (2001) un Saulcerītes Viese biogrāfiskais romāns „Mūţības spārni: Stāstījums par Aspazijas dzīvi‖ (2004). Salīdzinot Aspazijas tēlojumu minētajos literārajos darbos, nedaudz izmantotas ir feminisma idejas sieviešu literatūrā.
Tēls bakalaura darbā ir pētīta vairākos aspektos, bet visspilgtāk analizētajos darbos izpaužas tieši Aspazijas un Raiľa attiecību tēlojums.
Bakalaura darbā pētījums veikts salīdzinot, kā Aspazija tēlota minētajos literārajos darbos. Līdz ar to bakalaura darba izstrādes gaitā ir nonākts pie secinājuma, ka katrs autors ir centies radīt savu individuālo dzejnieces Aspazijas tēlu, balstoties uz viľas biogrāfijas faktiem un literatūras vēstures faktu avotiem. Katrā bakalaura darbā aplūkotajā literārajā darbā ir tieši vai netieši aprakstīta un analizēta Aspazijas biogrāfija.
Šo darbu var izmantot skolnieki, studenti un pedagogi.
Nozīmīgākie teksta atslēgas vārdi ir – latviešu dzejniece Aspazija, biogrāfiskā proza, Rainis.The author of the Bachelor’s paper: Zane Grīnberga.
The theme of the research paper: Poetess Aspasia – Literary Heroine in the Latvian and in the Foreign Literature. The research is carried out in Latvian due to the fact that in the paper there are used those the literary works translated in Latvian.
In the research, the method of comparison and the common analysis of the literary characters were applied. The following literary works were used: biographical novel ―Rainis (1977) by Jānis Kalniľš, musical play ―Tango Lugāno” (1987) by Baľuta Rubess, biographical novel Rainis un viņa brāļi: viena dzejnieka septiņas dzīves (1999) by Roald Dobrovenky, Chiara Macconi’s long story Sarkanā komēta: Kādas tikšanās hronika (2001) un bibliographical novel Mūţības spārni: Stāstījums par Aspazijas dzīvi (2004) by Saulcerīte Viese.
Character is a matter of research in various aspects; however, relationship between Aspasia and Rainis is illustrated the most expressively in the literary works.
In the Bachelor’s paper, the research is carried out with a help of comparison of reflection of Aspasia in literary works mentioned above. The conclusion of the research is following: all the authors have tried to create their own image of the poetess on the basis of her biographical data and sources of the history of literature. In each literary work used in the research, there is a direct or indirect analysis and description of the biography of Aspasia.
This research paper can be used by pupils, students and educators.
Key words: Latvian poetess Aspasia, biographical prose, Rainis
Southern African Journal of Gerontology, volume 7, number 2, October 1998
No full text[From Editorial] Articles in this Special Issue on health and ageing in Africa come from a broad spectrum of disciplines and the articles reflect a wide range of topics. Three contributions deal with the maintenance of good health. Remaining active is a key component of successful ageing which minimizes the loss of functional independence in the elderly. An investigation of the role of gender in the analysis of gait of older people by Macfarlane, Nicholson and Muller provides important methodological information which may be applied in practical outcomes-based assessments. The development of a reliable tool to assess gait, as a measure of lower-extremity function, is thus pertinent. There is growing evidence that good nutritional status is an important determinant of optimal cognitive and physical functioning in older people and influences both quality of life and health status. In a study of institutionalized elderly women in Cape Town, Charlton, Joosen and Jaffer report a high prevalence of suboptimal vitamin C status. The authors make out a case for low-dose micro-nutrient supplementation in residents of homes for the aged, particularly in homes where a cook-chill catering system is operated. They suggest that ongoing nutritional assessment should be an integral part of the care of older residents. In keeping with the topic of nutrition, Walker, a prolific author on public health issues in Africa over the past 50 years, has contributed a guest column in which he addresses the nutrition-ageing paradigm from an epidemiological viewpoint. He highlights opportunities for high-quality research on the association between life-style factors and healthy ageing in the continent. Moving on to a specific form of health-care delivery, Makoni examines language practices in the care that is rendered to older residents of a Cape Town nursing home. He describes barriers in communication between nursing staff and residents from different ethnic backgrounds, which compromise the quality of care that is rendered and which may result in conflict and tension between staff and residents. In her article, Tlou evaluates a community-based programme in which older women who live in rural areas of Botswana are trained to educate members of their communities in the prevention of the spread of the HIV I AIDS virus. The findings demonstrate the benefits of targeting lay persons for health education activities in rural Africa and the utilization of older persons, in this case women, as a valuable resource. The special issue also includes two opinion pieces and an item which opens debate. In separate contributions, Wilson and Duodu examine challenges facing effective health-care service delivery systems for older persons in African countries and express their opinions in this regard. Wilson's suggestions for multidisciplinary specialist teams, including incontinence teams, nutrition teams and vision teams, and for the development of training for lay people to become generic " rehabilitation assistants," are examples of appropriate community-based African solutions to health service delivery needs of the older population. Duodo makes similar suggestions to those of Wilson, specifically regarding geriatric care service delivery in Ghana. He also highlights the common practice of traditional self-medication in rural-dwelling older Ghanaians. Readers are invited to comment on, and indeed to augment, the authors' opinions in Letters to the Editor. To date, very little work has been done in South Africa on biological aspects of ageing. In a short contribution on the free radical theory of ageing, Van Rensburg and Potocnik open debate on this topic. Once again, readers are invited to contribute to debate in this area in letters to the editor, for publication in the following number of the journal
Provision of safe domestic water for the promotion and protection of public health: A case study of the city of Beirut, Lebanon
No full textSecuring adequate safe drinking water and proper sanitation is a major challenge facing the developing world. The Water for Life Decade emphasizes the importance of upgrading national water quality and sanitation services. This study assessed the domestic water profile in the city of Beirut. Samples were collected from three types of household water sources (municipality, private wells, and vended water bottles) and assessed for their physiochemical and microbiological profile. At the same time, a cross-sectional survey assessing water consumption patterns and the prevalence of water-borne diseases was conducted. The results showed a deficient water quality profile in all three water sources. The measured physiochemical and bacteriological parameters reflected the high frequency of water-borne diseases. Action to secure a safe domestic water supply is essential. The plan should guarantee the protection of water sources, ensure sufficient treatment of domestic water and upgrade the national program for potable water quality control. Periodic quality monitoring and legislating the chaotic water-vending sector are indispensable. Additionally, the deterioration of private well sources by sea and wastewater infiltration necessitates the enforcement of legislation associated with the use and management of private wells. Consumer awareness and active contributions to promote and protect public health are important. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.ACRA A, 1983, MESAEP P 2 INT M ENV; ACRA A, 2001, INT J ENVIRON STUD, V58, P761, DOI 10.1080-00207230108711367; AMERY HA, 2002, MODERN TRADITIONAL I, pCH6; APHA AWWA WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA; BASMA S, 2004, THESIS AM U BEIR LEB; BENNET EB, 1998, PUBLIC PRIVATE COOPE; Carter RC, 1999, J CHART INST WATER E, V13, P292; *CDR, 1998, WAT SUPPL WAST WAT R; Drever JI, 1997, GEOCHEMISTRY NATURAL; El-Fadel M., 2003, Management of Environmental Quality, V14, P353, DOI 10.1108-14777830310479441; ELFADEL M, 2000, WATER RESOURCES DEV, V16, P619; Gleick PH, 1996, WATER INT, V21, P83; HINRICHSEN D, 1997, POPULATION REPORTS M, V14; JABER B, 1997, PUBL LECT GIV DEP HY; Jurdi M, 2003, WATER POLICY, V5, P253; JURDI M, 2002, J ENV PRACTICE, V4, P72; Kjellen M., 2000, WATER RESOURCE DEV, V16, P143; Korfali SI, 2007, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V135, P241, DOI 10.1007-s10661-007-9646-x; LABABIDI H, 1987, INT J ENVIRON STUD, V30, P203, DOI 10.1080-00207238708710394; Makoni FS, 2004, PHYS CHEM EARTH, V29, P1291, DOI 10.1016-j.pce.2004.09.013; *MEO, 2001, LEB STAT ENV REP WAT, pCH8; *MOH, 2000, EPINEWS 1995 2000; Palamuleni LG, 2002, PHYS CHEM EARTH, V27, P845, DOI 10.1016-S1474-7065(02)00079-7; PATHAN MD, 1977, THESIS AM U BEIRUT L, V1; Saghir J., 2000, URBAN WATER SANITATI; United Nations, 2001, WORLD URB PROSP; United Nations, 2003, WAT PEOPL WAT LIF; USEPA, 2003, 816F03016 USEPA; WHO, 2006, GUID DRINK WAT QUAL, V1; *WSSD, 2002, WEHAB WORK GROUP WOR; 2002, AL SAFIR NEWSPA 021433
