107 research outputs found
Regulations and media literacy education on online sexual information: A Japanese perspective
No full textThis paper presents a Japanese perspective on measures against online sexual informaiton. A research queistion is set on what kinds of measures are required in order to protect youth from the harmful influence of online sexual informaiton. The paper firstly examines measures initiated by both national and local governments as well as by cell phone carriers, and secondly explores how to protect youth from potential online sexual dangers toward them. Lastly, the paper investigates the impact of online sexual information on Japanese young people's behaviors and values in comparison with that of other countries in an attempt to provide the basis for accurate measures. The results of the research found that online sexual information has some significant impact on young people, including the increase of the curiosity for sexual crimes. --Media literacy,Internet education,Mobile communications,Contents regulation,Harmful information,Child porngraphy
鮮度低下による卵黄膜脆弱化と大腸菌の増殖性
No full textJapanese shell egg expire dates are determined by Dr. Humphrey’s formula indicating the date in relation to the storage temperature when bacterial rapid growth starts on the egg yolk (EY) membrane in eggs. The validity of this formula was evaluated in this study. First, Haugh Unit (HU), yolk index (YI) and EY membrane strength were measured for fresh eggs (stored at 5℃ after laying) and for eggs sored at 30℃ for 6 days (within expire date) and for 12 days (beyond expire date). It was confirmed that the freshness as well as EY membrane strength decreased with longer term storage of eggs at 30 ℃. Similarly, the leakage of iron and IgY on the EY membrane increased in the washed solution of the yolk when eggs were stored for longer periods at 30 ℃ beyond their expire dates. Moreover, the E.coli growth test in the washed solution containing leaked yolk components showed that EY of eggs stored for longer periods had a higher increase rate of E.coli compared to fresh eggs. This tendency was the most obvious in eggs stored at 12 days beyond expire date. In conclusion, the validity of Japanese egg expire date based on Dr. Humphrey’s formula was verified by showing rapid growth of E.coli in culture with whole EY separated from stored eggs at 30℃
Backsliding to authoritarianism in Japan? State and civil responses to experiences of Japanese women repatriated from Manchuria
No full textThis chapter focuses on Japanese women’s groups’ relationships with the state. A military nation before 1947, Japan has presented itself as a democratic nation since, although its recent political direction invokes suspicions otherwise. Even civil society has been shaped by the state. The author questions Japan’s post-war democracy by examining how the state and civil society responded to sexual violence against Japanese women repatriated from Manchuria in the war’s aftermath. By analyzing the involvement of a women’s organization in the state’s project of supporting repatriates in the late 1940s, and feminists’ recent responses to issues of wartime sexual violence against Japanese women, the author argues that some aspects of Japanese society have been dubiously deemed democratic throughout the post-war period
Induced Fit of Crown Cavity to Ammonium Ion Guests and Photoinduced Intracavity Reactions: Cold Gas-Phase Spectroscopy of Dibenzo-18-Crown‑6 Complexes with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, and CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>
No full textUltraviolet
photodissociation (UVPD) spectra of dibenzo-18-crown-6
(DB18C6) complexes with NH4+, CH3NH3+ (MeNH3+), and CH3CH2NH3+ (EtNH3+) [NH4+(DB18C6), MeNH3+(DB18C6), and EtNH3+(DB18C6), respectively]
were observed under cold gas-phase conditions. We also measured the
infrared (IR)–UV double-resonance spectra of these complexes
in the NH stretching region to examine the encapsulation structure.
The UVPD and IR–UV spectra were analyzed using quantum chemical
calculations. All the ammonium complexes show sharp 0–0 bands
at positions close to that of the K+(DB18C6) complex; the
conformation of the DB18C6 component in the ammonium complexes is
similar to that in K+(DB18C6). In addition, the ammonium
complexes each have another type of isomer that the K+(DB18C6)
complex does not show in the gas phase. In these isomers, the conformation
of the DB18C6 cavity changes, and the strength of the NH···O
hydrogen bond increases. During the UVPD, the NH4+(DB18C6) complex provides various photofragment species, such as
the C8H9O2+ ion, resulting
from cleavage of the DB18C6 component, whereas the dominant fragment
ion for the MeNH3+(DB18C6) and EtNH3+(DB18C6) complexes is the ammonium ion itself. The UVPD
investigation of deuterated systems suggests that after UV excitation
of the NH4+(DB18C6) complex, the dissociation
process is initiated by proton transfer from NH4+ to DB18C6, followed by the migration of hydrogen atoms in the crown
cavity and the cleavage of the ether ring
The effect of sanctions on the evolution of cooperation in linear division of labor
No full textThe evolution of cooperation is an unsolved research topic and has been investigated from the viewpoint of not only biology and other natural sciences but also social sciences. Much extant research has focused on the evolution of cooperation among peers. While, different players belonging to different organizations play different social roles, and players playing different social roles cooperate together to achieve their goals. We focus on the evolution of cooperation in linear division of labor that is defined as follows: a player in the i-th role interacts with a player in the i + 1-th role, and a player in the n-th role achieves their goal (1 <= i < n) if there are n roles in the division of labor. We take the industrial waste treatment process as an example for illustration. We consider three organizational roles and B-i is the i-th role. The player of B; can choose two strategies: legal treatment or illegal dumping, which can be interpreted as cooperation or defection (i = 1-3). With legally required treatment, the player of B-j pays a cost to ask the player of Bj+1 to treat the waste (j = 1, 2). Then, the cooperator of Bj+1 pays a cost to treat the waste properly. With illegal dumping, the player of Bi dumps the waste and does not pay any cost (i= 1-3). However, the waste dumped by the defector has negative environmental consequences, which all players in all roles suffer from. This situation is equivalent to a social dilemma encountered in common-pool resource management contexts. The administrative organ in Japan introduces two sanction systems to address the illegal dumping problem: the actor responsibility system and the producer responsibility system. In the actor responsibility system, if players in any role who choose defection are monitored and discovered, they are penalized via a fine. However, it is difficult to monitor and detect the violators, and this system does not work well. While, in the producer responsibility system, the player in B-1 is fined if the player cannot hand the manifest to the local administrative organ because the players of B-i (i=1-3) who choose defection do not hand the manifest to the player of B-1. We analyze this situation using the replicator equation. We reveal that (1) the three-role model has more empirical credibility than the two-role model including B-1 and B-3, and (2) the producer responsibility system promotes the evolution of cooperation more than the system without sanctioning. (3) the actor responsibility system does not promote the evolution of cooperation if monitoring and detecting defectors is unsuccessful. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Desain Interior Museum dan Depo Penyimpanan Badan Arsip Jawa Timur dengan Konsep Edukasi
No full textArsip merupakan bukti sejarah dari sebuah peristiwa yang pernah terjadi. Keberadaan arsip sangat penting sebagai sumber informasi dan pengetahuan yang dapat menjadi dasar dari suatu pengambilan keputusan untuk generasi berikutnya. Namun, hal ini belum banyak disadari oleh generasi remaja. Kebanyakan dari mereka menganggap arsip hanyalah dokumen lama yang kurang begitu bernilai. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya sistem pameran arsip yang didesain khusus agar sesuai dengan minat remaja. Selama ini, Arsip yang bernilai penting bagi suatu daerah hanya disimpan secara khusus di Badan Kearsipan, salah satunya adalah Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo Jawa Timur. Hal ini ditujukan untuk menjaga keberadaan arsip agar tidak rusak. Namun, arsip yang lama disimpan apabila tidak diperkenalkan ke generasi muda akan terlupakan nilai kepentinganya. Untuk itu diperlukan desain yang menyelesaikan dua masalah tersebut. Untuk memberikan solusi terkait permasalahan diatas, penulis melakukan observasi lapangan, pembagian kuisioner dan wawancara kepada pihak terkait agar mendapatkan data yang lebih jelas tentang permasalahan pada Desain Interior Badan Arsip Wonokromo Jawa Timur . Selain itu, penulis juga melakukan studi pustaka tentang standarisasi Badan Kearsipan dari literatur yang telah ada. Data yang telah didapat kemudian diolah dengan analisa induktif, analisa semiotika, analisa deskriptif dan analisa komparasi pengaruhnya terhadap proses desain interior, sehingga didapatkan konsep. Konsep yang diambil untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pada Badan Arsip yaitu Desain Interior yang Edukatif. Edukatif dipilih karena sesuai dengan tujuan pengunjung yang datang ke Badan Arsip, yaitu mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang sejarah dan sistem kearsipan. Konsep edukatif yang dipilih dibagi menjadi 3 metode implementasi berdasarkan pengguna masing-masing area. Pengaplikasian konsep edukasi dikombinasikan dengan aspek Environmental Graphic Design dari Brand Identity Badan Arsip sendiri untuk lebih meningkatkan Brand Awareness masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat pengunjung museum arsip.
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Archives are historical evidence of an event that was occurred. The existence of archives is very important as a source of information and knowledge that can be the basis of a decision making for the next generation. However, this has not been realized by many young generation. Most of them consider archives to be just old documents with little value. One of the contributing factors is the lack of an archive exhibition that specifically designed to suit the interests of teenagers. So far, archives with value only stored specifically by goverment in the Badan Kearsipan. In Jawa Timur, a lot of archives stored at Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo. This place is build to maintain the existence of the archive so it is not damaged by external factor, such as extreme climate or fungus. However, archives that have been stored for a long time if they are not introduced to young generation will be forgotten by their importance. For this reason, a design is needed to solve the problems. The authors conducted field observations, divided questionnaires and interviewed relevant parties to obtain data about the problems in the Interior Design of the Archives of Wonokromo East Java. In addition, the author also conducted a literature study about the standardization of the Archives Agency from the existing literature. After that, the author process the data using descriptive analysis and comparative analysis to find the right concept that can solve the problems. The concept is taken to solve problems in the Badan Kearsipan Wonokromo namely Educative Interior Design. Educative is chosen because it suits the purpose of visitors who come to the Archive Agency, they want to get knowledge about history and the filing system. Educative concept is separate to be 3 different methode depends on the visitor of each area. The application of this concept combined with Environmental Graphic Design and Brand Identity of Archive Agency itself to attract more visitiors to come
A Comparative Study on Egg Yolk IgY Production with Different Adjuvants and their Inhibitory Effects on Staphylococcus aureus
No full textObjectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin disorders in infants and children and is often aggravated by increased Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization. An inhibitory effect of a specific egg yolk antibody (IgY) on S. aureus growth was demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, the effects of water- or oil-based adjuvants on the preparation of anti-S. aureus IgY and hen immunization were compared. Methods: Hens were immunized intramuscularly with formalin-killed S. aureus mixed with either a water-soluble polysaccharide λ-carrageenan, oil-based Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), or Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA). Anti-S. aureus IgYs (FIA-IgY, FCA/FIA-IgY, and λCarra-IgY) were purified from the egg yolk of immunized hen eggs, and the activity of the IgY against S. aureus antigen was measured by ELISA. The proportion of each IgY that was absorbed by S. aureus was also determined. Then, the effect of purified anti-S. aureus IgY on S. aureus growth inhibition was investigated in vitro. Results: The yolk of eggs and purified FIA-IgY from the FIA group showed the highest antibody activity, followed by FCA/FIA-IgY and λCarra-IgY. The proportion of each IgY that was absorbed by S. aureus antigen was as follows: FIA-IgY (18.1%), FCA/FIA-IgY (12.9%), and λCarra-IgY (7.0%). Only FIA-IgY significantly inhibited S. aureus growth in liquid medium. Conclusion: A specific IgY that was produced using the FIA adjutant inhibited S. aureus growth. Although water-soluble λ-carrageenan showed an adjuvant effect on anti-S. aureus IgY induction in egg yolk, but did not inhibit S. aureus growth. The use of the oil adjuvant FIA was necessary in the preparation of anti-S. aureus IgY as a treatment for AD symptoms
Conformation and Photodissociation Process of Benzo-15-Crown-5 and Benzo-18-Crown-6 Complexes with Ammonium Ions Investigated by Cold UV and IR Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase
No full textWe examined the conformation of benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) and benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6) complexes with ammonium ions, NH4+, CH3NH3+ (MeNH3+), CH3CH2NH3+ (EtNH3+), and CH3CH2CH2NH3+ (PrNH3+), using cold UV and IR spectroscopy in the gas phase. We measured the UV photodissociation (UVPD) spectra of the ammonium complexes and compared them with those of the K+(B15C5) and K+(B18C6) complexes in order to identify the conformation on the basis of the band position. The number of possible conformations for the ammonium complexes of B15C5 is limited compared with alkali metal ions with similar ionic radii. The NH4+(B15C5), MeNH3+(B15C5), and EtNH3+(B15C5) complexes show two conformers, whereas the K+(B15C5) complex has three stable conformers. In the case of the PrNH3+(B15C5) complex, one conformer was found predominantly in the UVPD spectrum. The ammonium complexes of B15C5 prefer to adopt crown conformations with large dihedral angles on the C–O–C–C atoms around the benzene moiety. In the case of the ammonium complexes of B18C6, two or three conformers were found in the UVPD spectra. One conformation of the B18C6 complexes is similar to that of the K+(B18C6) complex, which has a planar form on the C–O–C–C atoms around the benzene moiety. The other but dominant conformations of the ammonium complexes could be attributed to those with large C–O–C–C dihedral angles. These conformational findings for the ammonium complexes suggest that the benzo-crown ethers tend to adopt nonplanar conformations around the benzene moiety to encapsulate the ammonium ions. The IR-UV double-resonance (DR) spectra of the B15C5 and B18C6 complexes were compared to those of benzo-12-crown-4 (B12C4) and dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) complexes. The N–H···O hydrogen bond (H-bond) is weaker with increasing ring size from B12C4 to B18C6, although the calculated binding energy is smaller for B12C4 than for B18C6. This result indicates that cooperative H-bonds with three N–H groups can strengthen the intermolecular bond between the ammonium ions and B18C6. The difference in the conformational preference between the ammonium and K+ complexes is attributed to directed N–H···O H-bonds in the ammonium complexes. Proton transfer and dissociation of the crown ring were also observed for the photoexcitation of the NH4+(B15C5) and NH4+(B18C6) complexes
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