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(Bulletin No.30) A Synthesis Study Of The Genesis Of Reddish Brown Latosols, Yellowish Brown Latosols And Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils In Taiwan
No full text本報告分從成土因子與其主要特徵討論本省紅棕壤、黃棕壤及紅黃色灰化土之生成與土壤分類之明確地位，所用材料為前人經分類鑑別之上列土壤計共49土系之土壤剖面，根據國內外過去研究資料，研訂鑑別此3土類之主要特徵，以樣對上列49土系之特徵，分別其歸屬，結果摘要如下：
（一）現代之本省平地氣候，無法解釋本省紅棕壤之生成，低山丘陵地帶氣候適於灰土化作用之進行，因而本省之紅棕壤已經和緩的灰土化，而黃棕壤及紅黃色灰化土，除具備磚紅土化作用外更具不一之灰土化作用，黃棕壤則更具黃鐵礦化作用，亦有部分係母質之影響，為新成之土壤者。
（二）頗多土壤學者研究紅棕壤之生成，謂非現世氣候下之產物，而係上新世至中新世風化之遺物，本省所發見之紅棕壤，不論東西南北，多發育於更新統臺地礫石層上，頗符合國外之理論。
（三）美農部第七次土壤分類草案以鹽基性火成岩方能生成紅棕壤，惟本省頗多水成岩及變質岩母質亦生成紅棕壤。
This report includes the discussion of the genesis and clarification of classification of reddish brown latosols, yellowish brown latosols and red yellow podzolic soils on basis of soil forming factors and some major characteristics. In view of these general findings some evidence of these three groups being found in the past is clarified. It may be summarized as follow:
1. It is hard to explain the genesis of the reddish brown latosols from the recent climatic data of the lowland in Taiwan. As podzolization is taking good in process in the rolling hill zone, the reddish brown latosols have been podzolized gradually. Laterization and Podzolization are both being found on yellowish brown latosols and red-yellow podzolic soils, and the former have modified with some limonization, but some of them are affected by its parent material, so that it may be called as young soils.
2. The genesis of reddish brown latosols is not the result of recent climate, but its parent material was derived from the weathering rDsidual products of the Plistocene and Miocene age. The reddish brown latosols being found in Taiwan were mostly developed on the pleistocene terrace table land. It confirms the .theory of the pedologists abroad.
3. According to the 7th approximation of soil classification U.S.D.A. 1960, as rhodochrults which have been called reddish brown latosols, they are drived from primary basic igneous rocks, but many of reddish brown latosols of Taiwan are developed from sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks also
A Synthesis Study of the Genesis of Reddish Brown Latosols, Yellowish Brown Latosols and Red-Yellow Podzolic Soils in Taiwan
No full text
(26(1):1-24)STUDY ON THE CLAY MINERAL OF THE SOILS OF PADDY FIELD IN TAIWAN
No full text①研究之土壤選自全省水稻田36代表剖面，包括五土類七亞類，27土型、76土樣。分析項目凡八，目的在暸解本省水稻田各型代表之粘土礦物及其相關理化性質，以為土壤分類及施肥改良之參考。結果以圖一至十，表一至十一分別說明之。
②全部代表土樣之粘土礦物，不論表底土均含有伊萊石，此外部分土樣尚有以至石或綠泥石為顯著，間具有高嶺石，至原始礦物則石英亦頌普遍，間具長石。
③以土壤亞類言，橄欖色水稻土，稻田黃棕壤之粕土礦物，均以至石及其混合層為其優勢成分，而以伊萊石為次，見表3C及表5b，屬肥力潛能較厚之土壤。
④稻田低地沖積土及稻田低地磐層土之粘土礦物以伊萊石及輊石為優勢成分，混合層或高嶺石為次，見表5a，屬於中度肥力之土壤。
⑤灰色水稻土及灰棕色水稻土以伊萊石為顯著成分，至石及高嶺石次之，混合層及綠泥石更次之，見表3a及表3b，其肥力潛能更次之；而稻田低地灰粘土之粘土礦物以伊萊石及綠泥石為其顯著成分，混合層次之，見表5b，屬肥力較瘠之土壤。
⑥自粕土礦物及其他主要理化性，建議本省水稻田代表土型之土壤新分類系統見表十，其高級分類及與美農部第七次土壤分類草案對照見表十一。
1. Soils of this study were selected from 36 representative soil profiles of the paddy field in Taiwan. It included 5 great groups, 7 sub-grops, 27 soil types, and 76 soil samples. Eight items of physic-chemical properties were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to understand the clay mineral and the related physico-chemical proper ties of the representative soil types for the reference of the soil classification and the improvement of fertilizer application. The results were shown in from fig. 1 to 10 and from table 1 to 11.
2. Illite were the most dominant clay minerals that present in all of the representative soil samples. There were some vermiculite or chloride present apparently in part of the soils and some kaolinite also occurred. Concerning the primary minerals, quartz was very common in these soils and some with feldspar
Soil development Study of Red-Yellow Podzolie Soils in Taiwan 3. Study on the Clay Mineral of Yellowish Brown Latosols in the Northern Part of Taiwan
No full text(16(4):1-7)A STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANDO SOILS IN YUNGMINGSHAN
No full text陽明山黑色土壤頗為普遍，由安山岩生成與日本之火山灰土性質接近，本研究著重其理化性質研究，以為該土壤之生成及實用之研討，選取二代表剖面分別進行，結果如下：
1. 就剖面形態與理化性分析結果，兩代表剖面各僅有AC層，均非化育成熟之土壤。
2. 化育於傾斜林地之剖面A，為一原生之未成熟之土壤，化育於緩坡平地之剖面B，係曾經覆蓋，為一重疊之未成熟剖面。
3. 物理性分析結果，具低容積比重，高孔隙率，質地輕，構造團粒，通透性良好等，與日本之火山灰土（Ando Soils）之物理性至為接近。
4. 化學性分析結果：具豐富之有機質，頗與日本之棕色火山灰土符合，陽離子交換能量，鹽基飽和度，C/N比率與粘土部分之組成，Sa值與SiO2/R2O3比率等，則與爪哇Indonesia之Ando soils較接近。
5. 陽明山之黑色土各項理化特性與日本或爪哇之Ando soils相近，但母質並非火山灰，而為安山岩或安山凝灰岩，與本省東臺灣之黑色土，或北部玄武岩之黑色土，或南部之黑色石灰土之理化性均有不同，筆者認為稱應之為黑色安山岩土。
6. 就土壤肥力言之，本土壤物理性質優良，化學性如有機質豐富，有效磷、鉀均高，有效鈣及鎂中等以上，為一肥力高之土壤，利用範圍廣泛，集約之園藝事業，尤為適當。
Black colour soils are found in Yungmingshan and derived from andestite, their properties are Similar to Ando soils of Japan. This study emphasize on their physico-chemical properties and with a discussion on their genesis and practicle utilization. Two soil profiles were collected and analysised. The reslut may be summarized as follow:
1. There are only A and C horizons base on the morphology and physico-chemical properties, therefore, these two soil porfiles are immature soils and one of them is a burried soils.
2. Physical properties of these soils are presented in table 3, they are low in volume wieght, high in porosity, light texture, granular structure and with rapid permeability.
3. Chemical properties are shown in Table 4, 5, 6, and 7 they are rich in organic matter, calcium and magnesium, high C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity is not high, low base saturation and the sa value and silica-sesquioxide ratio of the clay fraction are all low.
4. Base on the properties mention above, they are very similar with the Ando soils of Japan or Indonesia Java. But different from Black colour soils in Eastern Taiwan, black soils derived from basalt in the North and Rendzina in the South. That may be called as black color soils of andesite.
5. These soils have good physical properties and chemical properties such as with plenty of organic matter, high is available P2O, K2O, CaO and MgO. So they are high fertility soils and may be utilized intensively and suitable for intensive horticulture
(23(4):219-241)HE CHARACTERISTICS AND GENESIS OF PADDY SOILS IN CENTRAL PART OF TAIWAN
No full text研究之範圍包括本省中部地區臺中，彰化、南投、雲林四縣，選重要類型水稻田土壤進行研究。目的在加深瞭解該區水田土壤本身特徵，以為管理、培肥及土壤分類之改進，土壤利用之改良作參考。採集代表剖面九個，分析其理化性十三項目，結果以圖20.表十三分別討論其特質及水稻土之生成。摘要如下：
1. 九代表土壤剖面均來自沖積母質，見表一，土壤分類結果有三土類，四亞類，九土系，九土型，詳見表二，各土壤剖面形態見表三，圖1、2及3。
2. 代表剖面中均無粗質地，且以細質地占大多數，水稻土之育成構機頗為複雜，不論質地細粘或中等均有生成之可能。
3. 各類土壤容積重與深度之關係見圖4、5及6，水稻土三剖面之表層至為接近，20公分以下則變化不一，51分析土樣中平均容積重為1.50g/c.c，最低未少於1.10g/c.c，最高則超出1.8g/c.c，見表九。
4. 代表剖面各土層之孔度統計見表十，平均最高為表土層，平均最低則為亞表土層。
5. 水稻土三剖面之游離鐵及錳曲線，均顯示由表土下移並積聚於下層，見圖7.及表六。
6. 稻田低地灰粕土三剖面與稻田低地沖積土之草湖粘壤其游離鐵錳曲線有類似水稻土B層之趨勢，見圖8及9，惟核對各該層之質地，則原受粘粒含量豐富之影響，並非洗出與洗入作用使然，見表六。
7. 各類型土壤之有效矽及CEC在各剖面中之變化不一水稻土三土型中有二者之深度曲線趨向一致，隨深度下降而漸增，見圖10；稻田低地灰粘土三土型之深度關係曲線各異，見圖11；稻田低地沖積土之表土有效矽則三者均至接近，見圖12。
8. 各類型剖面土壤反應之變化型式不一，呈B型者有五，呈D型者有三，呈C型者亦有一剖面，見圖13、14及15。
9. 各類型土壤C/N比率之平均相差至微，最高與最低之差則以水稻土較大，達一倍除，見表十一二全部表底土之C/N比率相差亦小，而以表土略高，見表十二。
10. 各土類之有機質含量在剖面中之變化不一，水稻土尤為顯著，見圖16；稻田低地灰粘土三剖面中有二者變化趨向一致，見圖17；稻田低地沖積土三剖面在40公分以上，趨勢相同，見圖18。
11. 熱重量分析結果見表13，X光繞射分析結果見圖19:1、19:2、19:3、20:1、20:2及20:3，顯示草湖粘壤具相當之依萊石與少量綠泥石，並有依萊石──蒙特石之混合層存在，而稻田低地灰粘土之南港舊份壤土則綠泥石與依萊石均強度存在，尤以剖面之底層存量更高。
12．各類土壤受種植水稻之影響如下：a. 土壤質地細粘或中等者均有生成水稻土之可能。B. 營盤粘土原為灰粘土，亦育成水稻土。
This study includes the soils of paddy field of Taichung, Changhwa, Namtou and Yuanlin, the central part of this province. The objective is to study the improvement of soil management, soil fertilization and soil classification in order to emphasize the recognization and understanding of proper characteristics of the paddy soils in Taiwan. Nine soil profiles of representative soils according to their important patterns were sampled and item of the physico-chemical properties were analyzed. All the results are shown on appendix 1, 2 and 3. All the characteristics and the genesis of the 9 soil profiles are discussed in relation with 13 tables and 20 figures. It may be summaries as follows:
1. All the nine representative soil profiles are developed from alluvial deposite, as shown on Table 1. There are 3 great groups, 4 sub-groups, 9 soil series and 9 soil types, based on the result of classification which is shown on Table 2 with the soil profile description on Table 3, Figure 1, 2 and 3.
2. With all the soil sample studies fine texture occupies the largest proportion and there is not any coarsed texture found. The mechanism of the genesis of aquorizem is rather complicated. However, the soils there is fine or moderate in texture throughout. It may be developed in any cases.
3. The relation between the bulk density and the soil depth in a given profile is shown on Fig. 4, 5 and 6. The surface soil of the 3 aquorizems shows the same trend, but they are different below 20 cm. The average bulk density of the 51 samples is 1.5 g/cc the lower limit is no less than 1.l g/cc and the highest is over 1.8 g/cc. It is shown on Table 9.
4. The result of the porosity of the various layers of the representative soil profiles is shown on Table 10. The average maximum is in the surface soils and the average minimum is in the sub-surface soils.
5. The distribution patterns of the free iron and free manganese of the three profiles of aquorizems show the accumulation of these elements in the sub-surface soil by leaching from surface soil as shown in Fig. 7 and Table 6.
6. The curves of the free iron and free manganese of the paddy lowland gley soils and the Tsao-hu clay loam of the paddy lowland alluvial soils show the similar trend as the B horizon of the aquorizems as shown in Fig. 8 and 9. It is affected by the higher content of the original clay particles. Based on the texture of the lazers respectively there is not any illuviation or eluviation present. It is shown on Table 6.
7. The changing pattern of soil available silica and C. E. C. with the soil depth in a given profile varies with different types of soil. Two of the three soil types of the aquori-zems go down from surface to sub-soil as shown in Fig. 10. The curves of the 3 soil types of paddy lowland gley soils are different from each other as shown in Fig. 11 but the curves of the available silica of the surface soils of paddy lowland alluvial soils are nearly alike as shown in Fig. 12.
8. From the pH patterns of the soil profiles, it is concluded that there are 5 belonging to B types, 3 to D types and 1 to C types as shown in Fig. 13, 14 and 15.
9. The variation of the average C/N ratio among the different soil types are very small. However, the aquorizems shows greater differences base on the maximum and the minimum as shown on Table 11. The variation of the average C/N ratio among the surface soils and the sub-soils are small, it is shown on Table 12.
10. The changing pattern of organic matter c ontent with the soil depth in a given profile varies with different types of soil. Aquorizems are apparant as shown in Fig. 16. Two of the three soil profiles of the paddy lowland gley soils have the same pattern as shown in Fig. 17. The trend of the curves above 40 cm of all the 3 types of the paddy lowland alluvial soils look alike as shown in Fig. 18.
11. The result of the thermal gravitational analysis is shown on Table 13, X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in Figures 19:1, 19:2, 19:3, 20:1, 20:2 and 20:3, it shown that there is some illite small amount of chloride and some illite-montmorillonite mixed lazers in Tsao-hu clay loam and a lot of chloride and illite is present in Nam-kan-shui silty loam, especially in the bottom lazer of the profile.
12. The influence of various soil groups by rice planting is as following: a) It is possible to developed aquorizems from the soils with fine or moderate texture. b) Ying-pan clay is the typical sample of the aquorizem which has developed from gley soils
A study of joint ventures in the People's Republic of China.
Get PDFby Lau, Sin-Tong William, Leung Wing-Keung Albert.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987.Bibliography: leaves 179-180
Currency swap for a bank in Hong Kong: pricing, environmental factors and commercial needs.
Get PDFby Leung Yat-on, Daniel, Ng Ka-wing, Vincent.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984.Bibliography: leaves 93-94
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