89 research outputs found
Development of batik wastewater treatment for cottage industry / Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Non Daina Masdar
Get PDFBatik industries produce a variety of waste liquors from the cleaning, processing and dyeing of the fabric. Disposal of batik wastewater of pH ranges 4 to 13 could cause an environmental problem due to the high content of dissolved solid and toxic compound as well as the color body. Standard wastewater treatment analysis was applied to characterize the wastewater. A bench scale of treatment was established using a new coagulant known as KN1. KN1 is a plant based coagulant and most suitable pH for the coagulation process ranging from 5 to 5.9. The results obtained shows that batik wastewater could be treated using this method, followed by removal of color and an inorganic matter using activated carbon. A pilot plant will be designed based on the bench study with stringent requirements such as simple, low cost and users friendly for small batik industries
Production of char from coconut dregs / Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Safari Zainal
Get PDFCoconut dregs is a waste produced by pressing process of fresh coconut kernel. Large quantity of the dregs produced by fresh coconut milk seller is an advantage to be exploited as a raw material for certain products. In this study. coconut dregs was used to produce char with different time and temperature of carbonization, i.e. 2. 3, and 4 hours and 300. 400. 500 and 600 °C respectively. It was found that temperature and time of carbonization have a significant effect on the yield and quality of char. The proximate analyses was also conducted to determine moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content. Detailed design of the batch operating kiln and its operational procedure are also presented in this paper. The results obtained show that yield of the char produced ranges from 18 to 46 percent from original weight of the dregs. The highest fixed carbon of the char obtained at temperature 600 °C and time 4 hours with 79.43 %, while moisture, volatile matter and ash content are 3.0 8 %,17.11 %, and 0.38 % respectively. The char produced in powder formed exhibit slightly porous structure as shown by BET surface area, iodine number and methylene blue number
Encapsulation of industrial solid waste / Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Rosmawati Abdul Aziz
Get PDFLocal industries produce a large amount of sludge and solid waste from their production processes. This phenomenon created a disposal problem and managing of these waste materials become one of the major environmental and economical issues. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and develop a treatment method using these wastes to a useful product. The characteristic and constituent of some industrial wastes used in this study were analyzed before the treatment. Suitable ingredients such as magnesite material and proprietary additive (KH1 and KH2) were used to solidify the wastes and optimum ratios of the ingredients were determined to form a concrete-like mass. Strength and leachability tests were conducted on the treated wastes. The finding of this investigation revealed that the solidified waste could be recycled into a useful product using encapsulation technique
Development of latex-based as new coagulant for industrial coolant wastewater treatment / Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Salina Abdul Rahman
Get PDFIn recent years, polymer application has become more important in wastewater treatment due to easier sludge disposal, reduction in cost for chemical consumption and increase pollutant removal efficiencies. It can be used either as coagulant or coagulant aid to destabilize and aggregate colloidal particles. In this study, industrial coolant wastewater was treated with latex-based material as a new coagulant. Latex is a liquid particle of rubber in an aqueous serum containing various kinds of organic and inorganic substances. It can be coagulated by adding acetic acid (1 %) or formic acid (0.5 %). Composition of latex are varies depending upon botanical species and influenced by biological and climate. Characteristic of the industrial coolant wastewater was determined before and after the treatment. It was found that COD of the wastewater was reduced to 99.9 percent and comply the Environmental Standard to be discharged to the monsoon drain after polishing with commercial grade of activated carbon and dilution process
Conductivity study of chlorophyll: potential solar panel: article / Alya Izzati Harme and Prof Dr. Ku Halim Ku Hamid
No full textAim of this research is to investigate the ability of the chlorophyll extracted from oil palm trees, Elaeis Guineensis, to conduct electricity in order to replace the conventional dye used in current dyesensitized solar cells (DSSC). This is because the energy conversion performance of natural dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) mostly relies on sensitizer. The chlorophyll was extracted using 96% ethanol and was dried in an oven at 80°C. About 2 g of chlorophyll were obtained after drying. The functional anchoring groups of the E. guineensis chlorophyll were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that there were eight functional groups. 10 mg of dried chlorophyll was mixed with deionized water and 10 mg of carboxymethylcellulose powder which were then pressed to form 2 cm by 2 cm size of chlorophyll gel. Lastly, the chlorophyll was measured its conductivity using a multimeter. The amperage measured from the chlorophyll gel is 0.00018A which indicates that the chlorophyll gel is capable to conduct an electricity, hence has the potential to substitute the synthetic dye sensitizer in DSSC
Oil spill absorbent from natural materials / Prof. Madya Dr. Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Puan Dayang Aishah Abang Chi
Get PDFThree types of natural materials were studied to produce low cost oil spill absorber i.e. rice husk, peat and coconut dreg. The raw materials were carbonised before being soaked with 1 M HCI or soaked with methanol
Development of activated carbon based natural gas storage system / Prof. Madya Dr. Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Hamidon Md Isa
Get PDFThe main purpose of this project is to develop the design and fabricate the low pressure adsorb natural gas container. By understand the main property of natural gas and the characteristics of the compress gas, further detail design of the pressure vessels had been developed to give sufficient driving range as a Compress Natural Gas (CNG) and petrol usage vehicle. The pressure vessels had been designed accordance with Pressure Vessel ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 and are able to withstand pressure up to 130 bars. The pressure vessels is unfired type and also been fixed with thermocouple, temperature controller, pressure relief valve, heating rod and filling valve to meet the design requirement. This project is based on design and collective information. The main activities of this project are including technical aspects and the design requirement. From information gathered (Industrial visit + book reading), a discussion is made based to the design requirement and technology involved in Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG). Finally, conclusions are made on the current status of the ANG technology and its future development
Manufacture of palm oil-based degreaser for metal cleaning / Ahmad Rozaimee Mustaffa, Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Roslina Ramli
Get PDFDegreaser is widely used as a cleaning agent especially for metal parts in oil and gas industries. Most of these products contain chlorinated solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane or non chlorinated solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone and used as degreaser for removing contaminants from metals surface. Chlorinated and non- chlorinated solvents have been found to be environmentally unfriendly due to groundwater contamination or volatile organic compound (VOC) emission. The use of halogen, carbon tetrachloride and CFCs as degreasing agents increase overall risks to human health and also contributes to the enhancement of ozone depletion. The main objective of this project is to develop palm-oil based degreaser (POD) as an alternative product that provide the same degreasing effect as conventional commercial degreaser. The materials were selected mainly from plant- based derivatives such as fatty acids ester. POD has been compared with conventional commercial degreaser for performance testing. The results showed that the percentage of oily soil removed after cleaning process by POD was 97.27 per cent at level surfactant addition of 14 per cent. The comparative study of oily soil removal for POD decreased from 94.30 per cent to 45.22 per cent with increasing number of panels. Meanwhile, the commercial degreasers such as hydrocarbon, citrus and alkaline-based decreased of oily soil removal from 95.45 per cent to 51.74 per cent, 80.45 per cent to 40.66 per cent and 95.51 per cent to 51.36 per cent respectively with increasing number of panels
Development of low cost wastewater treatment system for small scale batik industry / Prof. Madya Dr. Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Sharmeela Matali
No full textBatik industries generate varieties of waste liquor from cleaning, processing and dyeing processes. Disposal of the batik wastewater with pH ranges from 4 to 13 can affect an environmental problem due to high content of dissolved solid and toxic compound as well as colour body. In this study, a newly invented plant-based coagulant, known as KNl was introduced in batik wastewater treatment. KNl was produced from an herbaceous family plant, which is sturdy and can be easily found in tropical country. The treatment was successfully implemented by using All-In-One Concept (AOC) treatment plant. The AOC wastewater treatment plant was designed to use KNl in order to meet the requirements of the Environmental Quality Act. The pilot plant is able chemically and physically treats the batik wastewater in the same reaction tank; hence minimize the area occupied and modification of the existing batik making apparatus. The treatment started with coagulation and flocculation process, followed by sedimentation of solid particles, finally filtration using specially designed activated carbon (GAC) column. The most suitable pH for KNl and HC1 for coagulation and flocculation process was ranging from 1 to 2.5 with 8 x 4 USS mesh non-washing GAC. The results show that the average COD and BOD reduction were 91 per cent and 72 per cent respectively. The average removal for total solid (TS), total suspended solid (TSS) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) were almost 100 percent. While, the turbidity was reduce from 447 NTU to colourless after 50 hours treatment. Heavy metals constituents show a reduction up to 80 per cent as well as oil and grease constituent. Despite the biodegradable properties, KNl also shows the non-selectivity in treating batik wastewater compare to Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polydadmac (PDMC)
Development of catalytic-converter system for motorcycle engine by using cobalt based titatium dioxide / Ku Halim Ku Hamid and Mohibah Musa
Get PDFMotorcycle emits substantial quantities of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter. The emission could contribute to a poorer quality of air due to the increasing of motorcycle number. A catalytic exhaust control can be developed as an excellent solution for the problem and it is recognized to be the most cost-effective way to meet stringent emission standards. The three-way catalytic converters (TWC) were developed for 4-stroke engine is to oxidize the unburned HC and CO to form H20 and CO2 respectively as well as to reduce NOx to nitrogen. Two designs of catalytic converter were developed to compare the effectiveness combination of Co-TiO2 catalyst. The first design is an arrangement of wire mesh to replace the conventional honeycomb structure. While the second design in spiral shaped,' purposely to change the linear flow of the exhaust gases to a vortex flow. It was found that the technology developed with cost-effective concept successfully reduce the emission level of the toxic gases
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