1,720,993 research outputs found
Conceptual Solution of the Water Supply system of Tihaboj
Get PDFV diplomskem delu sem obravnaval sanacijo vodooskrbnega sistema za naselje Tihaboj, kjer sem projektiral oskrbovalni vod od vodohrana Gabrovka do vodohrana Tihaboj, pri čemer sem za načrtovanje upošteval vse veljavne predpise.
V uvodnem delu naloge sem na kratko opisal pomen vodovoda nekoč in danes ter razmišljanje in človekovo brezbrižnost do vode. V teoretičnem delu sem podal osnovne enačbe za projektiranje in potek izvedbenih del, ki sem jih opravljal na objektih in elementih vodovodnega omrežja.
V nadaljevanju sem podrobneje opisal problematiko, zaradi katere je potrebna rekonstrukcija vodovodnega omrežja. Predstavil sem situacijo, na kateri bo potekala rešitev.
Končni cilj diplomske naloge je bil izbrati najugodnejšo rešitev za sanacijo vodooskrbnega omrežja Tihaboj, predlagano rešitev sprojektirati po veljavnih pravilnikih in preveriti ekonomski vidik.
Predpostavke so temeljile na variantnih rešitvah zagotavljanja ustrezne količine vode za požarno varnost, saj le-ta pri manjših vodohranih predstavlja večino dimenzioniranega volumna.
Izbrana rešitev je bila, da se obstoječa zajetja za naselje Tihaboj ukine in se sprojektira nov oskrbovalni vod iz obstoječega vodohrana Gabrovka v novo grajeni vodohran Tihaboj. Po računskih preizkusih pri dimenzioniranju so rezultati pokazali, da premer cevi znatno vpliva na ceno izvedbe oz. na ceno produktov, ki so potrebni za izgradnjo oskrbovalnega voda.In the diploma thesis, I have studied restoration of the water supply system of the Tihaboj settlement, where I designed a water supply system from the Gabrovka reservoir to the Tihaboj reservoir, whereby I considered all applicable regulations designing. In the introduction I briefly described the importance of the water supply system in the past and today, as well as the reflection and indifference of man to water. In the theoretical part, I gave the basic equations for the designing and the course of building of the structures and elements of the water supply network. Introduction is followed by detailed description of issues that require the reconstruction of the water supply network. I have presented the situation at which the solution will be based. The final goal of the thesis was to select the most optimal solution for the restoration of the water supply network Tihaboj and to implement the proposed solution according to the valid regulations and to check the economic aspect. The assumptions were based on variant solutions to ensure adequate quantity of water for fire safety, since this is the majority of the dimensioned volume in smaller water reservoirs. The chosen solution was to put out of use the existing reservoirs of Tihaboj and to construct a new supply system from the existing Gabrovka reservoir to the newly built water reservoir Tihaboj. According to the performed calculations, the results showed that the diameter of the pipe significantly influenced on the price of building of the system and products necessary for the construction of a water supply line
Drainage and treatment of waste water in settlements Predjama, Bukovje, Gorenje and Belsko in the municipality of Postojna
No full textNaselja Predjama, Bukovje, Gorenje in Belsko v občini Postojna še nimajo urejenega sistema odvajanja odpadnih voda. V nalogi je izdelan predlog idejne zasnove kanalizacijskega sistema odvajanja odpadnih in padavinskih voda in njihovega čiščenja, pred tem pa so podane osnovne informacije o kanalizacijskih sistemih in čistilnih napravah. Pri izbiri tehničnih rešitev se je upoštevalo razgibanost terena, ki je omejevala uporabo gravitacijskega kanalizacijskega sistema in občutljivost kraškega območja, na katerem se nahajajo omenjena naselja. Predlagani sta bili dve rešitvi, ki bi obe zamenjali obstoječi način odvajanja odpadnih voda v pretočne ali nepretočne greznice na ekološko in zakonodajno sprejemljiv način. Na podlagi finančne analize se je v sklopu naloge opredelilo za ugodnejšo rešitev. Za predlagani novi kanalizacijski sistem je izdelana tudi situacija predlagane trase in pa vzdolžni profili.Predjama, Bukovje, Gorenje and Belsko in the municipality of Postojna do not have a wastewater disposal system. The basics of wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems are presented in this thesis. A conceptual design for a sewage system for the disposal and treatment of wastewater and precipitation water is also presented. The choice of technical solutions took account of the rugged nature of the terrain, which limited the use of a gravity sewage system, and the sensitivity of the karst area in which the settlements are located. Two solutions were proposed, both of which would replace the existing method of wastewater disposal in flow-through or non-flow-through septic tanks in an ecologically and legally acceptable way. Based on a financial analysis, the task identified the more favourable solution. A layout of the proposed route and longitudinal profiles have also been drawn up for the proposed new sewage system
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Conceptual design of wastewater and stormwater drainage of Kulen Vakuf in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFV magistrski nalogi so prikazane in opisane različne možnosti odvajanja in čiščenja odpadne vode v naselju Kulen Vakuf, ki se nahaja v Narodnem parku (NP) Una v Bosni in Hercegovini. Kulen Vakuf je največje naselje v NP in ima velik turistični potencial. Pomanjkanje sistema za odvajanje in čiščenje odpadnih voda je med pomembnejšimi problemi, povezanimi z onesnaževanjem na tem območju. Zaščita kakovosti reke Une je eden izmed prednostnih ciljev pri zaščiti NP Una, saj je kakovost reke predpogoj za doseganje večine ciljev trajnostnega upravljanja in rabe NP Una (ribolov, turizem, biotska raznovrstnost, itd.).
V nalogi sta predstavljena dva koncepta reševanja odvodnje odpadnih voda z (ločenim) gravitacijskim in vakuumskih kanalizacijskim sistemom. V varianti A gre za klasično odvodnjavanje odpadnih voda s pomočjo padcev terena (gravitacija). V varianti B je opisana druga rešitev odvodnjavanja odpadnih voda z vakuumskim in delno z gravitacijskim kanalizacijskim sistemom. Predstavljeni sta tudi dve možnosti čiščenje odpadnih voda, in sicer s SBR ali MBR čistilno napravo. Predvideva se izpust čiščene vode v reko Uno. Ker je obravnavano območje poplavno ogroženo, je predvidena lokacija čistilne naprave višje od zbiralnega bazena odpadne vode. Slednjo preko tlačnega voda vodimo s pomočjo potopnih črpalk. Za naselje je prikazan tudi predlog odvajanja padavinskih voda v obliki odprtih kanalov, natančneje z betonskimi muldami.
Na koncu predloga ureditve je prikazana in opisana tudi stroškovna ocena različnih možnosti odvajanja in čiščenja odpadne vode, s katero sem ovrednotil investicijske stroške ter izbral tehnično najboljšo varianto.The master’s thesis presents and describes various possibilities for drainage and treatment of wastewater in the settlement of Kulen Vakuf, which is located in the National park (NP) Una in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Kulen Vakuf is the largest settlement in the NP and has great tourist potential. The lack of wastewater drainage and treatment system is among the more important pollution-related problems in the area. The protection of the quality of the Una river is one of the priority objectives in the protection of the NP Una, as river quality is a precondition for achieving most of the objectives of sustainable management and use of the NP Una (fishing, tourism, biodiversity, etc.).
The paper presents two concepts for solving wastewater drainage with a (separate) gravity and vacuum sewer system. Variant A is a classic wastewater drainage with the help of terrain falls (gravity). Variant B describes another solution for wastewater drainage with a vacuum and partly with a gravity sewer system. Two options for wastewater treatment are also presented, namely with the SBR and MBR treatment plant. The discharge of treated water into the Una river is envisaged. As the area in question is at risk of flooding, the planned location of the treatment plant is higher than the wastewater collection basin. The latter is guided through the pressure line by means of submersible pumps. For the settlement, a proposal for the discharge of rainwater in the form of open canals, more precisely with concrete ditches, is also shown.
At the end of the proposed regulation, the cost estimate of various options for drainage and treatment of wastewater is shown and described, with which I evaluated the investment costs and selected the technically best variant
Potential solutions arrangements sewage system for the settlements of Kočevska Reka, Novi Lazi, Štalcerji and Morava
Get PDFObčina Kočevje mora po novelirani Uredbi o odvajanju in čiščenju komunalne odpadne vode (Uradni list RS, št. 98/15) urediti in zagotoviti kanalizacijsko omrežje ter zagotoviti ustrezno čiščenje odpadnih voda v določenih naseljih do leta 2021. Nekatera izmed naselji, ki se jih bo opremljalo s kanalizacijskim sistemom in čistilnimi napravami, so Kočevska Reka, Novi Lazi, Štalcerji in Morava. Pri izbiri ustrezne variante kanalizacijskega sistema se je poiskala tehnično najbolj ustrezna in ekonomsko najbolj upravičena rešitev. V magistrski nalogi sem predvidel tri možne rešitve odvajanja in čiščenja odpadnih voda za izbrana naselja. Analizirana je rešitev, kjer bi vsako naselje imelo svojo čistilno napravo, za čiščenje odpadne vode pa se predvidi RČN ali SBR MČN. Preveril pa sem tudi rešitev z več skupnimi malimi čistilnimi napravami ter z eno skupno malo čistilno napravo za vsa obravnavana naselja. Vse zasnove so tudi stroškovno ovrednotene.
Za daljše časovno obdobje je cenovno najbolj ugodna ter tehnično najbolj ustrezna rešitev, kjer ima vsako naselje svojo čistilno napravo, medtem ko sta ostali dve rešitvi nekoliko dražji. Še posebej rešitev s skupno MČN.In line with the order on removal and cleaning of urban waste water (Gazette RS, no. 98/15) the municipality of Kočevje must undertake to provide and assure sewage network in certain settlements by the year 2021. Some settlements that will be provided with a sewage canal system and cleaning units are Kočevska Reka, Novi Lazi, Štalcerji and Morava. In choosing the appropriate option for the sewage system, the best economic and technologic solution must be found. The thesis considers three possible solutions regarding the removal and cleaning of waste water in the chosen settlements. The option whereby each settlement has it\u27s own waste water cleaning unit with constructed wetland or SBR was analyzed. The alternative using several small cleaning units and one small common cleaning unit was also considered. All options are cost – evaluated.
In long – term planning, the best cost – effective and technically most advantageous options are such where each settlement has it\u27s own cleaning unit. The other two options especially the one with common small treatment plant are more expensive
A sustainable concept of water management in the settlement of Krkavče
No full textMagistrsko delo obravnava idejno zasnovo trajnostnega gospodarjenja z vodo v naselju Krkavče. Območje je kraško, z izrazito kmetijsko rabo, ob tem pa se sooča s pomanjkanjem vode. Podnebne spremembe in daljša sušna obdobja v zadnjih letih vplivajo na povečano potrebo po vodi ob manjših razpoložljivih količinah vode, kar zahteva občasne redukcije porabe iz javnega vodovoda. Cilj je povečati lokalno samooskrbo z vodo. Na podlagi zakonodaje, geografskih, demografskih in geoloških značilnosti sta pripravljeni dve varianti. Obe temeljita na ločenem kanalizacijskem sistemu, ki se konča s čistilno napravo. Prečiščena in padavinska voda se najprej zadrži v zadrževalniku, ki se nahaja na najnižji točki sistema, nato pa se prek tlačnega voda prečrpa v zgornji zadrževalnik na najvišji točki naselja. Iz zgornjega zadrževalnika se z vodo gravitacijsko napaja kapljični namakalni sistem. V varianti A se za namakanje uporablja le padavinska voda, komunalna odpadna voda pa se po terciarnem čiščenju odvaja v bližnji vodotok. V varianti B se za namakanje uporabljata padavinska in komunalna voda, prečiščena z membranskim bioreaktorjem (MBR) na ustrezno stopnjo skladno s standardi za ponovno rabo v kmetijstvu. Zgornji zadrževalnik se uporabi obstoječa vodna kal, vpisana v Register lokalnih naravnih vrednot zato so v zasnovi upoštevane naravovarstvene omejitve in tehnične rešitve z minimalnim vplivom. S primerjavo variant je bila za optimalno izbrana varianta, ki poveča vodno samozadostnost, zmanjša odvisnost od javnega vodovoda in je odpornejša v sušnih obdobjih. Razpoložljiva količina vode za namakanje omogoča zanesljivo oskrbo za 8 ha oljčnih nasadov tudi v najbolj neugodnem sušnem scenariju. Investicijska ocena znaša približno 2,8 mio € z DDV. Predvideni koncept ponovne uporabe vode za namakanje je prenosljiv na podobna kraško kmetijska območja.The master\u27s thesis addresses the conceptual design of sustainable water management in the settlement of Krkavče. The area is karstic, with intensive agricultural use, and faces water scarcity. Climate change and prolonged drought periods in recent years have increased water demand while reducing availability, leading to occasional consumption restrictions from the public water supply. The goal is to increase local water self-sufficiency. Based on legislation, geographic, demographic, and geological characteristics, two variants were prepared. Both are based on a separate sewerage system ending at a wastewater treatment plant. Treated wastewater and stormwater are first collected in a reservoir located at the lowest point of the system, then pumped via a pressure pipeline to an upper reservoir at the highest point of the settlement. From the upper reservoir, a gravity-fed drip irrigation system is supplied. In Variant A, only stormwater is used for irrigation, while municipal wastewater is discharged into a nearby watercourse after tertiary treatment. In Variant B, both stormwater and municipal wastewater are used for irrigation, with the municipal wastewater treated in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to a level compliant with agricultural reuse standards. The upper reservoir is an existing pond registered as a Local Natural Value, so environmental protection constraints and technical solutions with minimal impact are considered. By comparing the two variants, the optimal solution was identified as the one that increases water selfsufficiency, reduces dependence on the public water supply, and improves resilience during drought periods. The available irrigation water volume ensures reliable supply for 8 hectares of olive groves even under the most severe drought scenario. The investment estimate is approximately €2.8 million including VAT. The proposed concept of water reuse for irrigation is transferable to similar karst agricultural areas
A conceptual solution for drainage and treatment of wastewater in the towns of Fikšinci and Gerlinci
Get PDFSlovenska in Evropska zakonodaja težita k temu, da se vsa odpadna voda pred izpustom v naravo mora ustrezno očistiti. Iz tega razloga se uvaja vedno več aglomeracij, kjer je potrebno ustrezno odvajati in čistiti komunalne odpadne vode. V magistrski nalogi smo naredili idejno zasnovo za kanalizacijski sistem v naseljih Fikšinci in Gerlinci. Po analizi površja smo predvideli tri možne rešitve odvodne in čiščenja odpadne vode na danem območju. Vse variante so zasnovane v kombinaciji gravitacijskih vodov in tlačnih vodov s črpališčem. Prva varianta vključuje Fikšince ter deloma Gerlince s skupno čistilno napravo v Fikšincih. Druga varianta zavzema enako območje le da odpadno vodo odvaja na centralno čistilno napravo Cankova. Varianta tri obsega samo vas Fikšinci. Tehnično ustreznost kanalizacijskega sistema smo preverili z izračunom hidravličnih razmer v cevovodih. Na koncu se je naredila še stroškovna analiza posameznih variant. S pomočjo popisa del smo izračunali investicijske stroške. Ocenili smo tudi stroške vzdrževanja posameznih variant ter s pomočjo skupnih stroškov primerjali posamezne variante za obdobje življenjske dobe investicije 50-ih let. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da ima varianta 3 najmanjše investicijske stroške in največje stroške vzdrževanja. Skupni stroški za obdobje 50-ih let so pokazali, da je varianta 3 tudi na daljše časovno obdobje ekonomsko najbolj upravičena rešitev. Tehnološko najboljša rešitev, vendar tudi najdražja, bi bila varianta 2. V tej varianti se odpadna voda odvaja na skupno čistilno napravo na Cankovi, ki ima dodatno terciarno stopnjo čiščenja odpadne vode.Slovenian and European legislation seeks to ensure that all wastewater is properly cleaned, before it is released into nature. It is for this reason, that more agglomerations are being introduced, where wastewater needs to be properly drained off and treated. In the master\u27s thesis, we made the conceptual design for the sewage system in the towns Fikšinci and Gerlinci. After the analysis of the surface, we predicted three possible solutions for drainage and treatment of sanitary wastewater in a given area. All variants were designed in a combination of gravity pipes and pressure pipes with a pumping station. The first variant includes Fikšinci and partly Gerlinci with treatment plant in Fikšinci. The second variant occupies the same area, but discharge the waste water to the central treatment plant in Cankova. The third variant only includes Fikšinci. The technical suitability of the sewer system was checked by calculating the hydraulic conditions in the pipelines. In the end, we made a cost analysis of individual variants and calculated the investment costs with the help of a specification of works. We also evaluated the maintenance costs of individual variants and using the total costs compared the individual variants for the period of 50 years - the lifespan of the investment. We found that variant 3 has the lowest investment costs and the highest maintenance costs. The total cost for a period of 50 years have shown that variant 3 is the most economically viable solution. The best technological solution would be the variant 2, but it would also be the most expensive. In this variant, the wastewater is drained to a wastewater treatment plant in Cankova, which has an additional tertiary level of wastewater treatment
Ideal solution for wastewater discharge and purification in the southern part of the municipality of Pivka
Get PDFJužna naselja občine Pivka (Mala Pristava, Nadanje selo, Šmihel, Velika Pristava, Narin) nimajo urejenega kanalizacijskega sistema. Trenutno se odpadna voda zbira v greznicah. Glede na poznavanje in podrobni ogled vseh vasi, sem v okviru magistrske naloge predstavil dve idejni rešitvi odvajanja in čiščenja odpadnih vod. V prvi rešitvi je predstavljen kanalizacijski sistem v katerem ima vsaka vas svojo malo čistilno napravo. V drugi rešitvi je načrtovana ena mala čistila naprava na katero je priključenih vseh pet vasi. Znotraj idejnih rešitev sem primerjal dva različna postopka čiščenja odpadne vode – preko rastlinskih čistilnih naprav in preko SBR čistilnih naprav. V zaključnem delu naloge so predstavljene vse idejne rešitve in primerjane tudi iz stroškovnega vidika.The southern village of the municipality of Pivka (Mala Pristava, Nadanje selo, Šmihel, Velika Pristava, Narin) do not have a sewage system. Currently, waste water is collected in cesspools. Considering the knowledge I have and detailed insight of all villages, I presented two conceptual solutions for the discharge and treatment of wastewater within the master\u27s thesis. The first solution presents a sewage system in which each village has its own small cleaning unit. In the second solution, one small cleaning unit is designed to be connected to all five villages. Within the conceptual solutions I compared two different wastewater treatment processes - through constructed wetland and through SBR wastewater treatment plant. In the final part of the paper, all conceptual solutions are also presented and compared from the cost point of view
Impact of the upgraded sewage network and wastewater treatment plant Škofja Loka on the quality of discharge during precipitation
Get PDFDiplomska naloga obsega pregled teoretičnega ozadja odvajanja in čiščenja odpadnih voda z
glavnim poudarkom na odvajanju in čiščenju padavinske odpadne vode. Naloga podaja
analizo vpliva posodobitve kanalizacijskega sistema in izgradnje razbremenilnikov ter
zadrževalnih bazenov padavinskih odpadnih voda na učinkovitost čiščenja Centralne čistilne
naprave Škofja Loka. V nalogi so obdelani podatki obratovalnega monitoringa stare in nove, s
terciarno stopnjo čiščenja posodobljene Centralne čistilne naprave Škofja Loka. Pri analizi
rezultatov obratovalnega monitoringa smo se omejili predvsem na nekaj ključnih parametrov
onesnaženosti odpadnih voda kot so BPK5, KPK, neraztopljene snovi ter celoten dušik in
fosfor. S pomočjo primerjave dobljenih rezultatov učinkovitosti čiščenja stare in nove čistilne
naprave je ovrednoten vpliv posodobitve kanalizacijskega omrežja in čistilne naprave na
kakovost izpusta prečiščene odpadne vode v času padavin.Graduation thesis covers the theorethical background of drainage and wastewater treatment
with emphasis on stormwater. Study provides analysis of the impact of the upgraded sewage
network and newly erected stormwater overflows and tanks on the effectiveness of the Central
wastewater treatment plant Škofja Loka. Operational monitoring\u27s processed data for both old
and with tertiary treatment upgraded Central wastewater treatment plant Škofja Loka were
used. We have mainly focused on a couple of significant characteristics of wastewater
including BOD5, COD, suspended solids, phosphorus and nitrogen. By comparing the obtained
results of the cleaning efficiency of the old and the new treatment plant, the impact of the
modernization of the sewage network on the quality of discharge of the treated wastewater
during rainfall is evaluated
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