1,721,008 research outputs found
Mating-related movements of male brown bears on the periphery of an expanding population
No full textUse of habitat and resources of large carnivores living at the expansion front of a population can differ considerably from those living in core areas. Using GPS (global positioning system) telemetry, we studied movements of male brown bears living in the northwest edge of the Alpine-Dinaric-Pindos population in Slovenia and Italy, 2005-08. Because there was a steep gradient of female densities in the periphery of the population and females occurred only in a small portion of the area used by males, we could test how the distribution of breeding females affected the spatial distribution and movements of male brown bears. The home-range size of the males in our study was inversely related to female densities. During the mating season we observed directed movement from the periphery of the population with low female densities toward the core area with higher female densities. Our observations suggest that this strategy allows even males living at the periphery of the population, where no females were know to occur, to take part in reproduction
Integrating habitat suitability, connectivity, and individual-based models to guide priorities for the creation of a lynx metapopulation in Southeastern Europe
Full text linkThe Balkan lynx (Lynx lynx balcanicus) is the most endangered Eurasian lynx subspecies in Europe, with fewer than 50 individuals facing high inbreeding risk due to isolation and small population size. Genetic reinforcement using the Carpathian subspecies has been proposed to aid conservation, together with the establishment of new protected areas (PAs) and establishing connectivity with neighboring populations. In this study, we first assessed niche overlap between these two subspecies, and then we built species distribution models (SDMs) and computed landscape connectivity with circuit-theory techniques. By integrating habitat and connectivity models, we identified the key areas that could be used as stepping-stone patches. Next, we used individual-based models (IBMs) to assess colonization time and occurrence probabilities within them. Results showed that suitable and connected habitats primarily lie between the Balkan and Dinaric populations, with limited connectivity to the Carpathians. Although these key areas have favorable occurrence probabilities, long colonization time suggests the need for translocations. Moreover, most of these key areas, as well as the corridors among them, are not protected by PAs. Our results have significant implications, revealing the importance of the Dinaric population for potential natural gene flow, and the need for translocations to secure short-term survival of the Balkan lynx. The identified stepping-stone patches could be used to guide the establishment of new PAs in the region, to support natural recolonization and expansion of this population, leading towards the creation of a meta-population that would ensure long-term persistence of the lynx in Southeastern Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Large carnivore expansion in Europe is associated with human population density and land cover changes
Full text linkA.B.L. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación grant (IJCI-2017-31419) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; J.V.L.B. by a Ramón & Cajal research contract (RYC-2015-18932) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (…)Cimatti, M., Ranc, N., Benítez-López, A., Maiorano, L., Boitani, L., Cagnacci, F., Čengić, M., Ciucci, P., Huijbregts, M.A.J., Krofel, M., López-Bao, J.V., Selva, N., Andren, H., Bautista, C., Ćirović, D., Hemmingmoore, H., Reinhardt, I., Marenče, M., Mertzanis, Y., Pedrotti, L., Trbojević, I., Zetterberg, A., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Santini, L
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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