517 research outputs found
Schooling and education.
No full textSchooling and education by Giles R. Wright with Howard L. Green and Lee R. Parks. Number 4 in the New Jersey Ethnic Life Series. Published by New Jersey Historical Commission
Contrasting Influence of Natural Nighttime Illumination on Capture Rates of the American Burying Beetle and Roundneck Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
No full textFig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of illumination of the moon (%) and raw trap counts for the A) Oklahoma and B) Nebraska data sets. Raw counts do not account for trap number, clouds, or other weather variables.Published as part of Wormington, Jillian D., Risser, Kyle, Hoback, W. Wyatt, Giles, Kristopher L., Greenwood, Carmen & Luttbeg, Barney, 2017, Contrasting Influence of Natural Nighttime Illumination on Capture Rates of the American Burying Beetle and Roundneck Burying Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae), pp. 339-347 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (2) on page 346, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.2.339, http://zenodo.org/record/536395
Clifford G. McIntire, James H. Anderson, William L. Giles, Roy L. Lovvorn, Robert T. Clapp
No full textClifford G. McIntire (second from left), co-author of the McIntire-Stennis Act, is pictured with Experiment Station Director James H. Anderson (left), MSU President William L. Giles, Cooperative State Research Service Administrator Roy L. Lovvorn, and Dean Robert T. Clapp (right) at the Forest Products Laboratory during a McIntire-Stennis meeting.https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/ua-photo-collection/6476/thumbnail.jp
Modern Airline Pilots\u27 Quandary: Standard Operating Procedures—to Comply or Not to Comply
No full textModern airline pilots are tasked every flight with the safe and efficient operation of highly automated airliners in today’s complicated global and economic environments. Airlines have developed standard operating procedures (SOP) for normal, abnormal, and emergency operations. These procedures serve as a script for crews to follow. These procedures are designed by airlines to ensure that aircraft are operated in the (1) most safe, (2) most efficient, and (3) most on-time manner. For the most part pilots will comply with SOP, but when they (1) don9t agree with SOP, (2) don9t understand SOP or the risks associated with not complying with SOP, or (3) don9t feel adequately trained to know what SOP is, it is difficult to motivate them to comply. Airlines have the means to measure compliance through Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) and Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA). The purpose of this research is to determine if increased understanding, knowledge and awareness of the risk of noncompliance with SOP increase airline pilots’ compliance with SOP. This research explores data from line checks at a major US airline that was gathered in pursuit of understanding what drives SOP compliance. Baseline data was gathered and analyzed to determine the top 12 noncompliant items. The airline provided training during the Human Factors module in each pilots recurrent training on Pilot Intentional Non Compliance (PINC). The training including developing pilots’ understanding that while most Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) reports grant pilots immunity from legal action, if a violation is labeled PINC, ASAP protections do not apply. Further line checks were conducted after the pilots received the PINC training. The top 12 noncompliant items from the pre-PINC training group were compared to the same 12 items in the post-PINC training group. Significant improvement in SOP compliance was found in six of the 12 items tested. The results established that training pilots on the risk of PINC did significantly increase SOP compliance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ecological Studies of the Psocid Liposcelis rufa Broadhead (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)
No full textPsocids (Psocoptera) have risen to prominence as serious pests of stored-products worldwide in the last two decades. However, very little is known about their ecology and biology which is crucial for the development of effective management strategies. In this study, I investigated the effects of constant temperatures and relative humidities on the population growth, effect of constant temperatures at optimal relative humidity on the development and reproductive parameters of Liposcelis rufa in order to elucidate the influence of environmental conditions on its biology and the ecology. My research has shown that L. rufa can survive and multiply at a low relative humidity of 55% at temperatures of 22.5 to 30C and a high temperature of 40.0C at 75% RH. The optimal conditions for reproduction for this species are 35.0C and 75% RH where population increased 73- fold. The shortest developmental time from egg to adult was recorded at 37.5C; at this temperature development of female was completed in 21.6 d. Males have shorter life cycle than females and this may be due to the fact that females have one more instar compared to males. L. rufa males had two to four instars whereas females had two to five instars. Temperature has significant effect on development time for all developmental stages. Also, my work has demonstrated that L. rufa has a higher intrinsic rate of population increase compared to other psocid species (0.18). It oviposits at a wider range of temperature from 25 to 40C, and the highest fecundity was recorded at 30C (63 eggs).The highest oviposition rate was recorded at 35C (15.4 eggs/ female/ wk), 2 wk after the initiation of oviposition. L. rufa can live up to 9 wk at 40C, and the longest living individual lived 219 d at 27.5C. Given its ability to multiply rapidly at high temperatures and relative humidities, its short life cycle, high intrinsic rate of increase, and the ability to live for long, especially at higher temperatures suggests L. rufa has great potential to be a serious stored product pest in hot and humid climates. In addition, it is likely to have a broader ecological distribution because it can survive and multiply at temperatures of 22.5 - 40C and 55-75% RH. Finally, the temperature-dependent equations I have developed for L. rufa developmental stages and reproductive parameters can be used to elucidate its population dynamics and to facilitate the development of effective management strategies for this pest.Department of Entomology and Plant Patholog
Optimization of nitrogen fertilizer application enhances biocontrol function and net income
No full textThe intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer has been a common approach for pursuing higher crop yields. However, the ecological effects of such use on the tritrophic interactions (crop-insect pest-natural enemy) and on the ecological and economic benefits of such use are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of low, medium, and high levels of nitrogen fertilizer inputs (70, 140, and 280 kg/ha/yr) on cereal aphid (Sitobion avenae Fabricius [Hemiptera: Aphididae], Schizaphis graminum Rondani [Hemiptera: Aphididae], and Rhopalosiphum padi L. [Hemiptera: Aphididae]) abundance, primary parasitism rates, crop yield, and net income in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum [Poales: Poaceae] cv. Zhou 22) for 2 yr. A higher input of nitrogen fertilizer significantly enhanced the abundance of cereal aphids, while their primary parasitism rates (26.9 ± 3.5% in 2018 and 24.9 ± 4.5% in 2019) were highest at the medium nitrogen level. The performance of participants in the wheat-aphids-parasitoids system was likewise mediated by the nitrogen fertilizers. Meanwhile, wheat yield significantly increased with moderate increases in the nitrogen level, although overuse of nitrogen fertilizer did not significantly further enhance wheat yield. Finally, we found either low or overuse of nitrogen fertilizers resulted in lower net income than did medium nitrogen fertilization. These results demonstrate the need to reevaluate and adjust fertilizer use to optimize the eco-economic and sustainable management of agroecosystems
Effects of Intraguild Predation of Lysiphlebus Testaceipes by Chrysoperla Rufilabris Larvae
No full textWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major commodity grown in the Southern Great Plains. The most common and destructive pest in winter wheat is the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani). Fortunately, the greenbug has several natural enemies including the endoparasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson and predatory lacewing larvae. These organisms comprise a 'guild' of greenbug natural enemies. When one guild members consumes another guild member it is termed intraguild predation. The studies conducted in this thesis examine how Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister biology is affected when involved in intraguild predation interactions with L. testaceipes. Studies involved documenting intraguild predation effects on lacewing larval feeding capability and handling time, as well as larval development, survival and adult body weight. First and third instar C. rufilabris were capable of attacking and consuming mummified greenbugs during 30min feeding observations. Handling times for first instars differed significantly for larvae supplied mummies versus greenbugs; however, there were no differences among the feeding parameters for third instars. Lacewing larvae were reared on 2mg/day diets: unparasitized greenbugs, pea aphids, mummies, and mummies plus a moist cotton ball. Larvae supplied either mummy diet had lower survival for all larval instars and the pupal stage. Development was significantly shorter for larvae supplied the greenbug diet in the first instar and pupal stage. However, there were no differences in total preimaginal survival and development among the diet treatments.Department of Entomology and Plant Patholog
Influence of Warm-season Cover Crop on No-till Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Production
No full textDue to the adverse economic and ecological consequences of the conventional-till, monoculture winter wheat production system that dominates Oklahoma, producers are interested in no-till farming practices and diversifying their cropping systems through crop rotation and cover crops. In response to this interest, we evaluated cover crop biomass production and canopy closure, winter wheat nitrogen requirement, Hessian fly infestation pressure and final wheat grain yield response to warm-season cover crops in no-till, dual-purpose and grain-only wheat production systems. Experimental design was a split split-block with cover crop treatment (cowpea, soybean, guar, sorghum-sudangrass, pearl millet and fallow control) seeded following wheat harvest and chemically terminated approximately 45 days after seeding as whole plots. Sub plot treatment was winter wheat variety (Duster and Endurance) sown into the standing cover crop residue. Sub-sub plots were topdress nitrogen application (non-fertilized or nitrogen rate determined by sensor based nitrogen rate recommendation). During 2009 and 2010, sorghum-sudangrass, pearl millet, and cowpea provided quick biomass and canopy closure, making them well suited for weed suppression and soil erosion prevention. In both dual-purpose and grain-only production systems, wheat productivity following fallow was equal to or greater than wheat following cover crops in almost all categories. Wheat following legume cover crops, in most cases, had production levels equal to or greater than wheat following grass cover crops; however, cover crops had no effect on Hessian fly infestation. Differences in Hessian fly infestation between resistant (Duster) and susceptible (Endurance) wheat varieties were found. Grain yield was not affected by differences in Hessian fly infestation, as infestation pressure was below the economic injury threshold. The integration of cash crops may be a better solution than cover crops, as producers can achieve many of the same benefits associated with cropping system diversification as seen with cover crops as well as receive economic returns through cash crop production.Department of Plant and Soil Science
- …
