151 research outputs found
Mineralogy-based global anthropogenic combustion-iron emission inventory
No full textTotal and soluble iron modulate ocean biogeochemistry and global nitrogen and carbon cycle in over 40% of global ocean. The understanding of the current and future changes in oceanic productivity can be improved by understanding and constraining the atmospheric inputs of iron. Models generally agree with observations for total and soluble atmospheric iron concentrations over oceans except in the iron limited Southern Ocean where they underestimate by two to five orders of magnitudes. Anthropogenic combustion-iron emissions are thought to be the missing link in some of the ocean regions and are currently underestimated in inventories along with a poor fuel-based solubility representation approach in contrast to dust-iron emissions which are better constrained and have mineralogy-based solubility approach. Here we show that anthropogenic combustion-iron emissions can be about 1 Tg Fe/yr in the fine fraction, 10 times higher than all previous inventories. A large part of the difference is attributed to metal smelting which was not accounted for in previous inventories. Anthropogenic combustion-iron contributes 30-50% of the total and soluble iron to the iron limited North and Equatorial Pacific Ocean and less than 10% to the Southern Ocean. Modeled estimates agree with observations everywhere except in the Southern Ocean where the underestimation persists even with the realistic maximum anthropogenic emissions. For the first time, we represent anthropogenic combustion-iron as a function of its mineral components and transition from a fuel-specific solubility to a mineralogy-based solubility approach. We find that increasing complexity in representing anthropogenic combustion-iron solubility does not necessarily improve model-observation comparison.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Sagar Rathod, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-17 at 17:21.The student, Sagar Rathod, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-07-17 at 17:32.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-07-18 at 11:29.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14360 on 2019-11-26 at 14:04:22Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2019-07-18Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 113105
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Acute Decompensated Aortic Stenosis: State of the Art Review
No full textAortic stenosis (AS) is a progressive disease that carries a poor prognosis. Patients are managed conservatively until satisfying an indication for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) based on AS severity and the presence of symptoms or adverse impact on the myocardium. Up to 1 in 3 TAVIs are performed for patients with acute symptoms of dyspnea at rest, angina, and/or syncope - termed acute decompensated aortic stenosis (ADAS) and require urgent aortic valve replacement. These patients have longer hospital length of stay, undergo physical deconditioning, and have a higher rate of acute kidney injury and mortality compared to stable patients with less severe symptoms. There is an urgent need to prevent ADAS and to deliver pathways to manage and improve ADAS-related outcomes. We provide here a contemporary review on epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of ADAS, with a focus on the impact of ADAS from clinical and economic perspectives. We offer a global overview of the available evidence for treatment of ADAS and with priorities suggested for addressing current gaps in the literature and unmet clinical needs to improve outcomes for AS patients
Understanding the origins of stickiness in wheat flour tortillas and devising strategies to reduce it
No full textThis thesis aimed to determine the factors which affect stickiness in wheat flour tortilla products based on a phase/state-change approach and measurement of water activity and surface properties. Strategies were considered to reduce stickiness of flour tortillas by adding GRAS ingredients and modifying processing conditions.
Commercial wheat tortillas with a wide range of stickiness were selected and equilibrated to different water activity levels (0.12-0.97). Moisture sorption isotherms were developed. Differential scanning calorimetry and mechanical spectroscopy were used to characterize the phase behavior and freezable water, wide-angle x-ray scattering to understand the effect of crystallinity, contact angle measurements to determine the surface hydrophobicity. An objective instrumental test technique was developed using a texture analyzer to quantify the stickiness in tortilla samples. X-ray microtomography was used to measure tortilla cellularity. Tortillas were prepared with Xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, glycerol and propylene glycol. To understand the effect of processing conditions on stickiness, tortillas were prepared using different combinations of dough resting times, baking temperatures and cooling times after baking.
Sticky tortilla showed lower glass transition temperature compared to non-sticky tortillas but both were in rubbery state at room temperature. Higher product Aw resulted in increase in surface energy which in turn caused an increase in instrumental stickiness scores as hypothesized. The polar component of surface energy was found to have a good correlation with stickiness. The sticky tortillas showed low crystallinity as compared to non-sticky tortillas. Tortillas containing 0.5 % gums and 4 % glycerol showed increased water retention, decreased water activity, reduction in surface free energy and lower freezable water. Addition of glycerol reduced the water activity from 0.94 to 0.91. Tortillas baked at 450° F were stickier than tortillas baked at 350°. Rupture force to extend tortillas increases with increase in storage time and temperature. Storage of tortillas at lower temperatures retains freshness as was shown by reduced rupture force values.M.S.Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-136)
Budhan Stories S1E6: Children Speak about Corona
No full textEpisode 6 of Season 1 contains Chharanagar children's expression about how they are pursuing Corona in their own way. What is the impact of lockdown, school close down, staying at home, over use of phone, online education etc. Directed (Author) by: Budhan Theatre Team. Participants: Dakxin Chhara, Atish Indrekar, Ruchika Kodekar, Chetna Rathod, Kushal Batunge, Keyur Bajrange, Anish Garange, Siddharth Garange, Alice Tilche, Akshay Khanna, Yashodara Udupa, Chharanagar Children, Sargam Rathod, Shubham Bajrange, Supplementary materials include poster and subtitles.</p
Do patient-reported outcome measures speak for all patient subgroups: is everyone included?
No full textAngiographic and clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty: A collaborative, individual patient data meta-analysis of six registry-based studies
No full textBACKGROUND: The characteristics and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) are still poorly known. METHODS: The PANDEMIC study was an investigator-initiated, collaborative, individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of registry-based studies. MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, and SCOPUS were searched to identify all registry-based studies describing the characteristics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2-positive STEMI patients undergoing PPCI. The control group consisted of SARS-CoV-2-negative STEMI patients undergoing PPCI in the same time period from the ISACS-STEMI COVID 19 registry. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; the secondary outcome was postprocedural reperfusion assessed by TIMI flow. RESULTS: Of 8 registry-based studies identified, IPD were obtained from 6 studies including 941 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients; the control group included 2005 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001) and worse postprocedural TIMI flow (<3, p < 0.001) compared with SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects. The increased risk for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients was significantly higher in males compared to females for both the primary (p(interaction) = 0.001) and secondary outcome (p(interaction) = 0.023). In SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, age ≥ 75 years (OR = 5.72; 95%CI: 1.77–18.5), impaired postprocedural TIMI flow (OR = 11.72; 95%CI: 2.64–52.10), and cardiogenic shock at presentation (OR = 11.02; 95%CI: 2.84–42.80) were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, SARS-CoV-2 positivity is independently associated with impaired reperfusion and with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, especially among male patients. Age ≥ 75 years, cardiogenic shock, and impaired postprocedural TIMI flow independently predict mortality in this high-risk population
Exploring Author Profiling for Fake News Detection
No full textThe proliferation of online media allows for the rapid dissemination of unmoderated news, unfortunately including fake news. The extensive spread of fake news poses a potent threat to both individuals and society. This paper focuses on designing author profiles to detect authors who are primarily engaged in publishing fake news articles. We build on the hypothesis that authors who write fake news repeatedly write only fake news articles, at least in short-term periods. Fake news authors have a distinct writing style compared to real news authors, who naturally want to maintain trustworthiness. We explore the potential to detect fake news authors by designing authors’ profiles based on writing style, sentiment, and co-authorship patterns. We evaluate our approach using a publicly available dataset with over 5000 authors and 20000 articles. For our evaluation, we build and compare different classes of supervised machine learning models. We find that the K-NN model performed the best, and it could detect authors who are prone to writing fake news with an 83% true positive rate with only a 5% false positive rate.</div
The Use of Novel Oral Anti-Coagulant's (NOAC) compared to Vitamin K Antagonists (Warfarin) in patients with Left Ventricular thrombus after Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy following peer review. The version of record: Daniel A Jones, Paul Wright, Momin A Alizadeh, Sadeer Fhadil, Krishnaraj S Rathod, Oliver Guttmann, Charles Knight, Adam Timmis, Andreas Baumbach, Andrew Wragg, Anthony Mathur, Sotiris Antoniou, The Use of Novel Oral Anti-Coagulant’s (NOAC) compared to Vitamin K Antagonists (Warfarin) in patients with Left Ventricular thrombus after Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, pvaa096, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa096AIM: Current guidelines recommend the use of Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA) for up to 3 - 6 months for treatment of LV thrombus post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, based on evidence supporting non-inferiority of Novel Oral Anti-Coagulant's (NOAC) compared to VKA for other indications such as DVT, PE and thrombo-embolic prevention in atrial fibrillation, NOACs are being increasingly used off licence for the treatment of LV thrombus post AMI. In this study we investigated the safety and effect of NOACs compared to VKA on LV thrombus resolution in patients presenting with AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was an observational study of 2,328 consecutive patients undergoing Coronary Angiography +/- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for AMI between May 2015- December 2018, at a UK cardiac centre. Patients' details were collected from the hospital electronic database. The primary end-point was rate of LV thrombus resolution with bleeding rates a secondary outcome.Left ventricular (LV) thrombus was diagnosed in 101 (4.3%) patients. Sixty patients (59.4%) were started on VKA and 41 patients (40.6%) on NOAC therapy (rivaroxaban: 58.5%, apixaban, 36.5% and edoxaban: 5.0%). Both groups were well matched in terms of baseline characteristics including age, previous cardiac history (Previous MI, PCI, CABG), and cardiovascular risk factors (Hypertension, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolaemia).Over the follow up period (median 2.2 years), overall rates of LV thrombus resolution were 86.1%. There was greater and earlier LV thrombus resolution in the NOAC group compared to patients treated with warfarin (82% vs 64.4%, p = 0.0018, at 1 year), which persisted after adjusting for baseline variables (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.2-2.9). Major bleeding events during the f/u period were lower in the NOAC group, compared with VKA group (0% vs 6.7%, p = 0.030) with no difference in rates of systemic thromboembolism (5% vs 2.4%, p = 0.388). CONCLUSION: This data suggests improved thrombus resolution in post ACS LV thrombosis in patients treated with NOACs compared to vitamin K antagonists. This improvement in thrombus resolution was accompanied with a better safety profile for NOAC patients' vs VKA treated patients. Thus, provides data to support a randomised trial to answer this question
The association between the public reporting of individual operator outcomes with patient profiles, procedural management, and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study from the Pan-London PCI (BCIS) Registry using an interrupted time series analysis.
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Heart Journal,, following peer review. The version of record: Daniel A Jones, Krishnaraj S Rathod, Sudheer Koganti, Pitt Lim, Sam Firoozi, Richard Bogle, Ajay K Jain, Philip A MacCarthy, Miles C Dalby, Iqbal S Malik, Anthony Mathur, Ranil DeSilva, Roby Rakhit, Sundeep Singh Kalra, Simon Redwood, Peter Ludman, Andrew Wragg, The association between the public reporting of individual operator outcomes with patient profiles, procedural management, and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study from the Pan-London PCI (BCIS) Registry using an interrupted time series analysis, European Heart Journal, Volume 40, Issue 31, 14 August 2019, Pages 2620–2629 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz152AIMS: The public reporting of healthcare outcomes has a number of potential benefits; however, unintended consequences may limit its effectiveness as a quality improvement process. We aimed to assess whether the introduction of individual operator specific outcome reporting after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the UK was associated with a change in patient risk factor profiles, procedural management, or 30-day mortality outcomes in a large cohort of consecutive patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was an observational cohort study of 123 780 consecutive PCI procedures from the Pan-London (UK) PCI registry, from January 2005 to December 2015. Outcomes were compared pre- (2005-11) and post- (2011-15) public reporting including the use of an interrupted time series analysis. Patients treated after public reporting was introduced were older and had more complex medical problems. Despite this, reported in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events rates were significantly lower after the introduction of public reporting (2.3 vs. 2.7%, P < 0.0001). Interrupted time series analysis demonstrated evidence of a reduction in 30-day mortality rates after the introduction of public reporting, which was over and above the existing trend in mortality before the introduction of public outcome reporting (35% decrease relative risk 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.77; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The introduction of public reporting has been associated with an improvement in outcomes after PCI in this data set, without evidence of risk-averse behaviour. However, the lower reported complication rates might suggest a change in operator behaviour and decision-making confirming the need for continued surveillance of the impact of public reporting on outcomes and operator behaviour
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