180 research outputs found
Prevalence of referable, sight-threatening retinopathy in type 1 diabetes and its relationship to diabetes duration and systemic risk factors
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the study was to provide contemporary estimates for diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in a well-defined UK cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and investigate potential risk factors for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic maculopathy.Patients and Methods: Four hundred and sixty four T1DM patients in North Hampshire had T1DM duration, demographic and systemic risk factor data evaluated retrospectively alongside their DR status in 2010 using logistic regression analysis.Results: Overall prevalence of any retinopathy, PDR, and maculopathy was 71.5%, 6.5%, and 10.8%, respectively. PDR and maculopathy prevalence were 0 and 0.7% for <10 years T1DM duration. PDR prevalence was 4%, 8%, and 16% for 10–19.9 years, 20–29.9, years and ≥30 years duration, respectively. Maculopathy prevalence was 15.6%, 18%, and 11% for 10–19.9 years, 20–29.9 years, and ≥30 years duration, respectively. In univariate analysis, PDR was associated with T1DM duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.07/year), age (OR 1.03/year), systolic blood pressure (OR 1.03/mmHg), and antihypertensive therapy (OR 10.63), while maculopathy was associated with duration (OR 1.03/year) and statin therapy (OR 2.83). In multivariate analysis, disease duration (OR 1.07/year) and antihypertensive therapy (OR 6.87) remained significantly associated with PDR, and maculopathy with statin therapy (OR 2.27).Conclusion:This study confirms T1DM duration is a strong risk factor for sight-threatening DR. Maculopathy and PDR prevalence within 10 years of T1DM diagnosis is very low. PDR prevalence at 10–20 years was 4% and then doubled for every 10-year interval thereafter up to 16% with ≥30 years duration. Antihypertensive therapy and statin therapy were strongly associated with PDR and maculopathy, respectively.</p
Vitreomacular traction affects anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment outcomes for exudative age-related macular degeneration
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the effect of vitreomacular traction (VMT) on visual acuity outcomes and central retinal thickness (CRT) measurements after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods: In this retrospective series, the authors evaluate the clinical records and optical coherence tomography of 34 eyes of 32 patients, with VMT confirmed on optical coherence tomography at baseline, to assess the effects of VMT on anti-VEGF therapy for newly diagnosed exudative wet AMD. Best-corrected visual acuity at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CRT at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months were assessed. Comparison was made with a control group of 29 eyes of 28 patients with wet AMD and no VMT on optical coherence tomography and with key variable-dosing studies for anti-VEGF in exudative AMD (CATT, HARBOR, PrONTO, SUSTAIN, and Gupta et al).Results: Best-corrected visual acuity results showed a visual acuity improvement that peaked at 3 months with 2.47 letters, well below other variable-dosing studies for anti-VEGF therapy in exudative AMD. This was then followed by a steady decline with mean best-corrected visual acuity at 12 months ending below the baseline level (-1.00 letters) compared with a gain of 9.39 letters in the control group at 12 months. Comparison of the mean CRT in the VMT group between baseline and 12 months showed no significant difference (P = 0.67), whereas the PrONTO study and control groups showed a highly significant difference at 12 months compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Mean CRT values at 6 months and 12 months were essentially at baseline levels (0.26 µm, -0.62 µm, respectively).Conclusion: Vitreomacular traction at baseline, existing concurrently with newly diagnosed exudative AMD treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy on a variable-dosing regime, was associated with poorer visual outcomes and a decreased response to reduction in CRT, compared with a control group of wet AMD without VMT and compared with major variable-dosing studies for intravitreal anti-VEGF in exudative AMD
The Author of Roe
No full textIn her commentary, Professor Radhika Rao focuses upon Justice Blackmun\u27s landmark opinion in Roe v. Wade, exploring the ways in which the Justice shaped and was in turn shaped by the abortion conflict. After describing Roe, she sets forth and responds to a wide range of criticisms of the decision. She then turns her attention to several other abortion and privacy cases, drawing some general insights into Justice Blackmun\u27s jurisprudence. She highlights Justice Blackmun\u27s concern for factual context and his compassion for the real people behind the cases he decided. Professor Rao connects these qualities with Justice Blackmun\u27s opinion in Roe, suggesting that his empathy for the oppressed stemmed in part from his longstanding association with the abortion issue, an issue which heightened his awareness of the plight of women, particularly poor, minority, and under-aged women. Professor Rao concludes that, while Justice Blackmun defined the boundaries of abortion law in Roe, Roe also played a critical role in defining him and in driving many other areas of his jurisprudence
The Author of Roe
No full textIn her commentary, Professor Radhika Rao focuses upon Justice Blackmun\u27s landmark opinion in Roe v. Wade, exploring the ways in which the Justice shaped and was in turn shaped by the abortion conflict. After describing Roe, she sets forth and responds to a wide range of criticisms of the decision. She then turns her attention to several other abortion and privacy cases, drawing some general insights into Justice Blackmun\u27s jurisprudence. She highlights Justice Blackmun\u27s concern for factual context and his compassion for the real people behind the cases he decided. Professor Rao connects these qualities with Justice Blackmun\u27s opinion in Roe, suggesting that his empathy for the oppressed stemmed in part from his longstanding association with the abortion issue, an issue which heightened his awareness of the plight of women, particularly poor, minority, and under-aged women. Professor Rao concludes that, while Justice Blackmun defined the boundaries of abortion law in Roe, Roe also played a critical role in defining him and in driving many other areas of his jurisprudence
The Author of Roe
No full textIn her commentary, Professor Radhika Rao focuses upon Justice Blackmun\u27s landmark opinion in Roe v. Wade, exploring the ways in which the Justice shaped and was in turn shaped by the abortion conflict. After describing Roe, she sets forth and responds to a wide range of criticisms of the decision. She then turns her attention to several other abortion and privacy cases, drawing some general insights into Justice Blackmun\u27s jurisprudence. She highlights Justice Blackmun\u27s concern for factual context and his compassion for the real people behind the cases he decided. Professor Rao connects these qualities with Justice Blackmun\u27s opinion in Roe, suggesting that his empathy for the oppressed stemmed in part from his longstanding association with the abortion issue, an issue which heightened his awareness of the plight of women, particularly poor, minority, and under-aged women. Professor Rao concludes that, while Justice Blackmun defined the boundaries of abortion law in Roe, Roe also played a critical role in defining him and in driving many other areas of his jurisprudence
Prévenir les Conflits Transformer la Justice Obtenir la Paix: Étude mondiale sur la mise en Âœuvre de la résolution 1325 du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies
No full textTo mark the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council adopted resolution 2122 (2013) inviting the Secretary-General to conduct a review with regard to the implementation of resolution 1325. The review was to identify the gaps and challenges, as well as emerging trends and priorities for action. It requested the SecretaryGeneral to thereafter submit a report based on the findings of this review to the Security Council in October 2015. The Secretary-General requested Radhika Coomaraswamy to be the lead author of the study on the recommendation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security. UN Women was requested to be the secretariat of the study. A High-Level Advisory Group was constituted from all regions of the world to assist Ms. Coomaraswamy
Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace: A Global Study on the Implementation of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325, Arabic
No full textTo mark the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council adopted resolution 2122 (2013) inviting the Secretary-General to conduct a review with regard to the implementation of resolution 1325. The review was to identify the gaps and challenges, as well as emerging trends and priorities for action. It requested the SecretaryGeneral to thereafter submit a report based on the findings of this review to the Security Council in October 2015. The Secretary-General requested Radhika Coomaraswamy to be the lead author of the study on the recommendation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security. UN Women was requested to be the secretariat of the study. A High-Level Advisory Group was constituted from all regions of the world to assist Ms. Coomaraswamy
Prevenir los Conflictos Transformar la Justicia Garantizar la Paz: Estudio mundial sobre la aplicación de la resolución 1325 del Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas
No full textTo mark the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council adopted resolution 2122 (2013) inviting the Secretary-General to conduct a review with regard to the implementation of resolution 1325. The review was to identify the gaps and challenges, as well as emerging trends and priorities for action. It requested the SecretaryGeneral to thereafter submit a report based on the findings of this review to the Security Council in October 2015. The Secretary-General requested Radhika Coomaraswamy to be the lead author of the study on the recommendation of the United Nations Standing Committee on Women, Peace and Security. UN Women was requested to be the secretariat of the study. A High-Level Advisory Group was constituted from all regions of the world to assist Ms. Coomaraswamy
South waterfront park design, Camden, NJ
No full textThe waterfront south region of Camden is a neighborhood that is surrounded by active industries that include a metal recycling facility, an incinerator and a massive sewage treatment plant. It is severely lacking in a usable green space. As a city with upcoming green infrastructure strategies, Camden has a dearth of spaces that can be used by the community for relaxation and outdoor entertainment. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) along with Cooper’s Ferry – a non-profit organization, has worked towards reclaiming and developing a part of the waterfront for the community. The main objective is to connect the community to its water. The goal of this project is developing a design strategy for the NJDEP which aims at creating a waterfront that offers open space recreation, waterfront access, educational opportunities, connection to Camden’s history and economic development that lead to urban environmental transformation. The case studies for this project are Hoboken waterfront and Chicago Riverwalk – two successful waterfronts of recent times.M.L.A.Includes bibliographical referencesby Radhika Bhagwa
A stern concerning the issue of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture – a review
No full textThe practice of aquaculture involves the cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish and shellfish, has emerged as an important sector in India's economy. Oppositely, the use of antibiotics in aquaculture raised worries about its effect on the environment and community well-being. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant challenge in the field of aquaculture due to the misuse use of antibiotics in aquaculture as growth promoters which lead to the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), making it difficult to treat bacterial infections. It can also contribute to the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, which has implications for human health. Modern aquaculture systems act as a "hotspot"for the source of pollutants such as AMR, sanitizers, disinfectants, heavy metals, pharmaceutical effluents, pesticides, and industrial, hospitals, animals, and domestic wastes. Further, hygienic practices by workers, biosecurity measures and all inputs, such as fish feed, therapeutics, probiotics, metaphylactic agents, water and seeds are important drivers of AMR. Recognizing the urgency, sustainable aquaculture practices are crucial in India to reduce antibiotic use and combat AMR. It also promotes a more holistic and sustainable approach to aquaculture in India, according to the original source. To combat AMR in aquaculture, it's essential to implement responsible antibiotic use, strengthen monitoring, and adopt alternative disease prevention methods. Given the global reach of aquaculture and the risk of ARB spreading across borders, coordinated action is needed at all levels, from local to international, to address this issue.</p
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