1,720,984 research outputs found
Teeth tell tales: a narrative review on dental age estimation methods from traditional to AI-driven approaches
No full textAbstract Background Dental age estimation plays an important role in identifying an unknown person. The evaluation of dental developments is important in occlusion assessment, growth evaluation, and forensic application. In legal investigations, orthodontic planning, and age-sensitive therapeutic procedures, dental age assessment is essential. Traditional techniques are sensitive to subjectivity and variability among observers because they rely on measurements being taken manually and visual inspection. Teeth are highly helpful because they are strong and durable, and because they change significantly from birth to approximately 16–18 years, they can be used to estimate an individual’s age. Main body Radiological techniques are widely employed because they are noninvasive and consistent. By measuring the distance among landmarks such as the pulp, root, and tooth thereafter inserting the results into regression models, dental age can be approximated from accessible radiographs. As an alternative, a table can be used to assess the permanent teeth’s developmental stage and translate it into an estimated age. Research in this area is ongoing, as evidenced by the publication of age group estimating methods that use both human perception and machine learning. Machine learning can autonomously extract age-related information from orthopantomograms and establish a sophisticated, all-encompassing correlation between several features with chronological age. Conclusions Conventional methods depend on observation and manual measurement, which makes them prone to subjectivity and variation among observers. Even while dental development-based classical procedures are credible, they may be enhanced with the use of deep learning, especially neural networks, considering how quickly artificial intelligence technologies are developing. Artificial intelligence’s main component, machine learning, makes dental age prediction more accurate and successful. This narrative review contains a concise summary of the various radiographic approaches that can be used for estimating dental age in living individuals. Artificial intelligence models have demonstrated an impressive level of accuracy in determining dental age across various populations, despite potential biases and disparities in dental development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
