1,721,184 research outputs found
Validation of EURO-D, a geriatric depression scale in South India: Findings from the Mysore Study of Natal effects on Ageing and Health (MYNAH).
No full textIntroduction: Many of the assessment tools used to study depression amongst older people in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) are adaptations of instruments developed in other cultural settings. There is a need to validate those instruments in LMICs. Methods: 721 men and women aged 55–80 years from the Mysore Birth Records Cohort underwent standardised assessments for sociodemographic characteristics, cardiometabolic risk factors, cognitive function and mental health. Sensitivity, specificity and level of agreement of EURO-D diagnosis of depression with diagnosis of depression derived by the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) examination were calculated. To validate the EURO-D score against GMS depressive episode, we used maximum Youden's index as the criterion for each cut-off point. Concurrent validity was assessed by measuring correlations with the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO DAS II). Results: Of the 721 (408 men and 313 women) who participated in this study, 138 (54 men and 84 women) were diagnosed with depression. Women had higher depression scores on the EURO-D scale and disability on the WHO DAS II scale. A maximum Youden's Index of 0.60 was observed at a EURO-D cut-off of 6, which corresponded to 95% sensitivity, 64% specificity, kappa value of 0.6 and area under the curve (AUC) of 80%. There was significant and positive correlation between EURO-D and WHO DAS II scores. Limitations: Future independent validation studies in other settings are required. Discussion: This study supports the use of the EURO-D scale for diagnosing depression amongst older adults in South India.</p
Diagnosis of dementia by machine learning methods in Epidemiological studies: a pilot exploratory study from South India
No full textBackground:There are limited data on the use of artificial intelligence methods for the diagnosis of dementia in epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. A culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests was developed and validated for population based studies in low- and middle-income countries including India by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group.Aims:We explored the machine learning methods based on the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests for the diagnosis of dementia based in a birth cohort study in South India.Methods:The data sets for 466 men and women for this study were obtained from the on-going Mysore Studies of Natal effect of Health and Ageing (MYNAH), in south India. The data sets included: demographics, performance on the 10/66 cognitive function tests, the 10/66 diagnosis of mental disorders and population based normative data for the 10/66 battery of cognitive function tests. Diagnosis of dementia from the rule based approach was compared against the 10/66 diagnosis of dementia. We have applied machine learning techniques to identify minimal number of the 10/66 cognitive function tests required for diagnosing dementia and derived an algorithm to improve the accuracy of dementia diagnosis.Results:Of 466 subjects, 27 had 10/66 diagnosis of dementia, 19 of whom were correctly identified as having dementia by Jrip classification with 100% accuracy.Conclusions:This pilot exploratory study indicates that machine learning methods can help identify community dwelling older adults with 10/66 criterion diagnosis of dementia with good accuracy in a LMIC setting such as India. This should reduce the duration of the diagnostic assessment and make the process easier and quicker for clinicians, patients and will be useful for ‘case’ ascertainment in population based epidemiological studies
Application of machine learning methods for diagnosis of dementia based on the 10/66 battery of cognitive function tests in South India
No full textBackground: There is limited data on the use of Machine learning methods for automating clinical aspects of dementia in low and middle income country (LMIC) settings including India. A culture and education fair battery of cognitive tests was developed, validated and normed for use in LMICs including south India by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group. We explored the machine learning algorithms to determine if the analysis of neuropsychological data from the 10/66 battery of cognitive tests can be automated for the diagnosis of dementia in south India.Methods: The data sets for 466 men and women aged 55- 80 yrs were obtained from the on-going Mysore Studies of Natal effect of Health and Ageing (MYNAH), in south India. This includes subject demographics, performance on the 10/66 cognitive function tests, diagnosis of mental disorders and population based normative data for the 10/66 battery of cognitive function tests. We examined the diagnostic properties of the battery of cognitive tests and derived an equation to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis of dementia. Machine learning techniques were applied to the data set. Results: Of 466 subjects, 27 had 10/66 diagnosis dementia. 19 of them were correctly identified as having dementia by Jrip classification with 100% accuracy. Conclusions: This pilot exploratory study indicates that machine learning methods can help to identify community dwelling older adults with 10/66 criterion diagnosis of dementia with good accuracy in a LMIC setting like India. This should reduce the duration of the diagnostic assessment and make the process easier and quicker for both the clinicians and patients
What stresses adolescents? A qualitative study on perceptions of stress, stressors and coping mechanisms among urban adolescents in India.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Semiquinone Radical Intermediate in Catecholic Estrogen-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Mutagenesis: Chemoprevention Strategies with Antioxidants
No full textEffects of Hypoxia on Radiation-Responsive Stress-Activated Protein Kinase, p53, and Caspase 3 Signals in TK6 Human Lymphoblastoid Cells.
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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