665 research outputs found
Shifting waterscapes: explaining basin closure in the Lower Krishna Basin, South India
Get PDFRiver basins / Ecosystems / Protective irrigation / Irrigation programs / Water transfer / Water distribution / Water allocation / Groundwater depletion / Aquifers / Water scarcity / Water use / Drought / India / Lower Krishna Basin / Godavari Basin / Nagarjuna Sagar Project / Kolleru Lake
Rent - seeking trade policy : a time series approach
Get PDFUsing a time-series approach, the author analyzes the relationship between the extent of rent-seeking trade policy and both political and economic variables. For rent-seeking trade policy, the indicator he uses is the number of foreign-trade regulations passed each year for the benefit of a single firm or industry. The author uses data from Uruguay for 1925-83. Uruguay, which experienced an impressive economic decline, is an outstanding example of a rent-seeking society. After being a wealthy economy in midcentury, it suffered almost complete stagnation, which led to social and policital disintegration by the end of the 1960s. Three decades of restrictive regulations on foreign trade had created a nearly closed economy by the end of the 1960s. It was worth analyzing whether policymakers'great receptiveness to demands for protection could account for Uruguay's decline. Over the period 1925-83, the author finds almost 4,000 laws, decrees, and administrative resolutions that create, maintain, or modify a foreign-trade regulation for the benefit of a single firm or industry. About half of them explicitly identify the petitioner - usually a firm or guild. Since the size of the Uruguayan economy changed over the period studied, the author scales the annual number of regulations by output or exports to measure the extent of rent-seeking trade policy. The author shows that the extent of rent-seeking trade policy increased with discretionary policies and under dictatorship. (In the period studied, there were two stages of democracy - until 1932 and from 1943-72 - and two stages of dictatorship.) He also shows that rent-seeking trade restrictions increased under import-substitution strategies and, more unexpectedly, under active export promotion. This suggests that discretionary power leads to wasteful distribution, whether it is used to support inward- or outward-oriented policies. Finally, the author analyzes the correlation between innovations in the trade policy indicator and innovations in the growth rates of output and exports, with a lag of up to 20 years. Surprisingly, he finds a positive correlation with output growth rates after two or three years. But the correlation becomes negative some years later, particularly in the case of exports. The short-run positive impact on growth rates, together with the surprisingly long time lag before the negative impact, may account for policymakers'receptiveness to demands for protection.Trade Policy,Achieving Shared Growth,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
The lower Krishna Basin trajectory: relationships between basin development and downstream environmental degradation
Get PDFRiver basin development / Lakes / Environmental degradation / Ecosystems / Mangroves / Water allocation / Groundwater / Water quality / Salinity / Irrigated farming / Institutions / Irrigation canals / Rural development
heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
No full textThe high gravimetric energy density of hydrogen makes it an ideal chemical fuel to address the issues of fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Even though transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been extensively investigated as substitutes for noble metals, their effectiveness is still doubtful for practical applications. Herein, we introduce a facile and general strategy to fabricate heterojunctions with CdS nanorods and a multimetallic transition metal sulfide (CoNiMoS4) for enhanced photocatalytic activity. The CdS/CoNiMoS4 heterojunction will serve as a dual-function photocatalyst with enhanced visible light absorption capability offered by CdS and high charge transfer efficiency provided by CoNiMoS4 nanostructures. Moreover, CdS/CoNiMoS4 nanostructures exhibit the best photocatalytic performance to generate H-2 with an amount of 31.9 mmol g(-1) h(-1), with a distinguished stability for over 25 h. This synthetic approach may offer a new strategy to create diverse heterojunctions with Earth-abundant multimetallic components, which may broaden their scope of application in catalysis.
Globalization and Workers in Developing Countries
Get PDFStories on the positive and negative effects of globalization on workers in developing countries abound. But a comprehensive picture is missing and many of the stories are ideologically charged. This paper reviews the academic literature on the subject, including several studies currently under way, and derives the complications for public policy. First, it deals with the effects of openness to trade, foreign direct investment and financial crisis on averages wages. Second, it discusses the impact of exposure to world markets on the dispersion of wages by occupation, skill and gender. Third, it describes the pattern of job destruction and job creation associated with globalization. Because these two processes are not synchronized, the fourth issue addressed is the impact an unemployment rates. Fifth, the paper reviews the labor market policies that can be used to offset the adverse impacts of globalization on employment and labor earnings. Finally, it discusses how the international community could encourage developing countries to adopt sound labor market policies in the context of globalization.
Not Available
No full textNot AvailableTwo promising subtypes of tulsi, Ocimum tenuiflorum were field screened under natural infestation of lace wing bug, Cochlochila bullita to assess its reaction. Seven biophysical and ten biochemical attributes of leaves were studied in relation to the expression of their reaction towards lace wing bug. It was observed that highly susceptible O. tenuiflorum subtype Rama had relatively higher leaf length (4.04 cm), leaf width (2.36 cm), leaf area (5.99 cm2), petiole length (1.79 cm), plant height (90.67 cm), wider leaf angle (35°) and canopy diameter (78.33 cm) than the relatively tolerant subtype Krishna. Similarly, with respect to biochemical parameters, chlorophyll B (r value = 0.785, 0.567), total chlorophyll (0.848, 0.703) and carotenoids (0.702, 0.471) showed significant positive correlation with tinged bug incidence and its damage. Susceptible subtype Rama possessed lower reducing (0.189 g/100 g), non-reducing (2.651 g/100 g) and total sugars (2.840 g/100 g) as compared to tolerant subtype Krishna (0.280, 0.906 and 1.185 g/100 g, respectively). In contrast, higher amount of total phenol (6.79 mg/g) and anthocyanin (0.00058 mg/g) contents in leaves were recorded in subtype Krishna and the observed correlations were negative and significant with pest population and its damage. In terms of succulence, leaves of subtype Rama had higher moisture content (80.8%) than the subtype Krishna (78.1%) and showed significant positive correlation with tinged bug population (r value = 0.830) and leaf damage (0.968).Not Availabl
Globalization and workers in developing countries
Get PDFStories on the positive and negative effects of globalization on workers in developing countries abound. But a comprehensive picture is missing and many of the stories are ideologically charged. This paper reviews the academic literature on the subject, including several studies currently under way, and derives the implications for public policy. First, it deals with the effects of openness to trade, foreign direct investment, and financial crises on average wages. Second, it discusses the impact of exposure to world markets on the dispersion of wages by occupation, skill, and gender. Third, it describes the pattern of job destruction and job creation associated with globalization. Because these two processes are not synchronized, the fourth issue addressed is the impact on unemployment rates. Fifth, the paper reviews the labor market policies that can be used to offset the adverse effects of globalization on employment and labor earnings. Finally, it discusses how the international community could encourage developing countries to adopt sound labor market policies in the contextof globalization.Labor Policies,Public Health Promotion,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Monitoring&Evaluation
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT : A POLITICO - FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
Get PDFDo Financial accounting practices as per the political setup and their administrative strategies, pose problems to the pace of Socio-economic development of any nation ? This paper addresses this question with a preview to the dawn of human civilizations on earth, and mathematically cumulating the thoughts of Socio-economic development in four facets, from Individual to National level. Different Financial Management Techniques are used under the two divergent political setups, namely the Capitalism and the Communism. A capitalist setup provides the freedom of corporate control under each individual entrepreneur or a corporate unit (I), under private or government control (G), to function as an autonomous body. using the "Return on Investment" as their motivating guideline. A communist setup represents a centralised approach through individual work contributions at micro level. Under this setup, the national demand is pre-assessed and fixed by the State. The financial management is taken care by the State Bank. Conclusion leads towards irrespective of the political setup, the Socio-economic development is a Three Dimensional Closed Cycle Economic process, namely Manpower as the Prime component, Materials and Techno-commercial infrastructure, in a preset Seven Sequential order. The inference is that the Cost and Quality of Domestic goods and services, decide the status of Socio- economic development. This directly depends upon the proper utilisation pattern of the three ingredients and the Productivity orientation of the Prime component (Manpower). The world experiences support the Closed Cycle Economic process. The inferences are supported with examples from Britain, Germany, India, Russia and USA. (The matter is supported with 4 Creative and Comprehensive Schematic Diagrams summarising the Financial Approaches of Capitalist/Communist setup, Closed Cycle Economics and the Productivity relationship of the Prime component Manpower, respectively. This Research Paper is based on a study survey by the Author to various countries functioning under different Political and Financial accounting Appraisal Techniques).Accounting System, Communist, Capitalist, Financial Methods, Infrastructure, Manpower, Materials, Information Systems, Political, Techno-commercial
Downsizing and productivity gains in the public and private sectors of Colombia
Get PDFPublic sector restructuring, including labor downsizing, has been one of the main areas of policy activism in developing countries, and transition economies. But little is known about its actual effects. The authors use panel data on Colombian enterprises spanning more than one decade, to assess the impact on several productivity indicators. The results suggest that the productivity gains from downsizing, are larger in state-owned enterprises than in private enterprises. While the increase in value added per worker is similar in both cases, state-owned enterprises experience an increase in total value added, and in value added per unit of capital, whereas both indicators decline in private enterprises. The difference, which could simply reflect the larger extent of initial inefficiency in state-owned enterprises, does not appear to depend on the degree of competition in product markets.Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Private Participation in Infrastructure
- …
