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'Not a panacea' - Expert perspectives on the concept of resilience and its potential for palliative care
No full textBACKGROUND
Resilience is an increasingly used term in medicine and subject to various definitions, often not easy to grasp. There are established core concepts for patients receiving palliative care, for example, meaning in life, that have already been researched a lot. Resilience, relative to these concepts, is a new object of research in palliative care, where it has so far been used predominantly with regard to the well-being of teams.
AIM
To explore how experts in palliative care define the concept of resilience and its suitability for patients, significant others, and professionals.
DESIGN
Qualitative study using summarizing content analysis according to Mayring.
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-one health and social care professionals with expertise caring for persons with life-threatening/limiting illnesses and their relatives were interviewed in three individual interviews and four focus groups. All conversations were recorded, transcribed, coded via MAXQDA, and validated by another researcher.
RESULTS
Resilience has been described as something procedural, dynamic, individual, and flexible. In connection with well-known concepts such as posttraumatic growth or terms from the field of mindfulness, social environment or personal factors have also been linked to resilience. Resources such as spirituality can contribute to resilience, and resilience itself can function as a resource, for example, by contributing to quality of life. An active use of the term in practical work with patients or relatives is rare, but it is used in education or team measures. Limited lifespan can pose a challenge to an active use of the concept of resilience.
CONCLUSION
Resilience as a very individual approach provides added value to other core concepts of palliative care. Within the palliative context, the normative dimension of resilience must be well reflected. A broader definition of resilience is recommended, leaving room for everyone to find their own form of resilience. The concept of resilience in palliative care includes opportunities as well as risks and should, therefore, be implemented carefully, requiring specific training.
What experts think about resilience in palliative care Why was this study done? Resilience is described as a process of coping with stress or adversity while remaining physically and mentally functional. Resilience is subject to a range of definitions. In the context of palliative care, where many other concepts, such as meaning in life, are already used, the definition of resilience also represents a challenge. We wanted to learn how people working in palliative care, defined by us as experts, understand and use the concept of resilience. In addition, there are three different target groups for resilience: patients, significant others and professionals. We wanted to learn about the differences in the application of resilience to these groups. What did the researchers do? We conducted interviews with a total of 21 experts in individual and group settings (so-called focus groups). All interviews and focus groups were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim to analyse them precisely using qualitative methods. What did the researchers find? This study shows how resilience is understood in the work field of the participants: namely as something procedural, dynamic, individual and flexible but normative at the same time. Factors such as the social environment, the number and intensity of crises already experienced (known as the idea of posttraumatic growth), aspects from the field of mindfulness or spirituality can contribute to developing resilience, which is why we call these things resources for resilience. Experts use the term resilience less in their daily work with patients or significant others, but more in education. What do the findings mean? The concept of resilience in palliative care involves both risks and opportunities. Practical work with the concept has to be well reflected and must be applied sensitively. Therefore, it is essential that professional as well as informal caregivers receive specific training that also includes respect for each individual’s personal concept of resilience
Soziale Innovationen in Kunst und Kultur als Faktor für kulturelle Teilhabe in ländlichen Räumen. Diskurse und Impulse aus dem Forschungsprojekt SIKUL
No full textWenn Kulturelle Bildung sozial innovativ ist, flößen dann endlich mehr Mittel in die Kulturelle Bildung in ländlichen Räumen? Der Begriff „Soziale Innovation“ ist in unterschiedlichen Politikfeldern, Wirtschaftsund Wissenschaftszweigen mit hohen Erwartungen und Hoffnungen verbunden. Als Containerbegriff verspricht er, diverse soziale Probleme unserer Zeit auf neue Weise anzugehen und zu lösen. Die Bedeutung, die beispielsweise die Bundesregierung Sozialen Innovationen zuschreibt, wird in der „Nationalen Strategie für Soziale Innovationen und Gemeinwohlorientierte Unternehmen“ (2023) sichtbar. Was genau der Begriff aber meint, bleibt häufig diffus. Im Forschungsprojekt SIKUL nutzen wir seine Offenheit und stellen ihn in Bezug zu unterschiedlichen Orten Kultureller Bildung in ländlichen Räumen. Auf Basis unserer empirischen Untersuchung von vier Kulturinitiativen stellen wir eine Definition von Sozialen Innovationen in Kunst und Kultur vor, die zum einen herausstellt, dass diese in hohem Maße auf das Engagement der Zivilgesellschaft angewiesen sind, ihr Gelingen und langfristiges Bestehen zum anderen aber politisch gewährleistete Strukturen wie öffentliche Räume und langfristig angelegte Förderungen braucht. Diese Definition kann anderen Forscher*innen und Praxisakteuren Kultureller Bildung dienen, gemeinsame Entstehungsursachen und -bedingungen sowie damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten (Ehrenamt, Förderlogiken, kulturelle Infrastrukturen etc.) unterschiedlicher Formen Kultureller Bildung sichtbar zu machen und bereits bestehendes Wissen unter einem Term zu bündeln, der es ermöglicht, den vagen politischen Erklärung, Soziale Innovationen fördern zu wollen, mit konkreten Handlungsaufforderungen zu begegnen. Denn Einsparmaßnahmen bedrohen heute im besonderen Maße Kultur und Soziales; Soziale Innovationen hingegen erleben einen Aufwind, den Akteure Kultureller Bildung nutzen könnten
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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