1,720,989 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Cellular study on transfused packed red blood cells
No full textThe aim of this PhD thesis was the cellular study of pRBCs intended to transfusion that have been stored in CPDA units and the further correlation of the results with relevant clinical studies. The results of the study were as follow: 1. The oxidation of the RBC is a part of storage lesion. 2. The hemoglobin is increasingly bound to the membrane and the cytoskeleton during storage. 3. Some of the main integral proteins of the RBC membrane and the lipid raft-associated leave the membrane, but other cytoplasmic ones become membrane-associated. 4. There is evidence of FAS oligomerization. 5. At the same time, proteolytic fragments representing active caspase-8 and -3 were evident. 6. RBCs lose their physiological shape during storage. From the membrane spikes of echino- and shero-echinocytes, microvesicles are released. 7. The microvesicles released in the units of pRBCs had diameter of 50-210nm. The microvesicles that were isolated from units stored for short periods (1-2 days) were smaller than those released after 35 days of storage (137±37nm, statistically important difference). The latter were characterized by tails, membrane gaps and formation of protein aggregates. All the microvesicles collected from "fresh" units and the majority of those collected on the last day of storage contained hemoglobin, so they were RBC-derived. 8. The degree of vesiculation was increased during storage. 9. The vesicles do not contain the skeletal proteins but have actin, band-3 and GpA. 10. By Western blot analysis the vesicles do not contain aquaporin, but contain the lipid raft associated proteins and proteins related to the membrane pathway of classical apoptosis. The vesicles contain proteins related to phagocytosis signaling events. 11. The proteins of the microvesicles were heavily carbonylated in relation to the RBC membrane of origin. In conclusion, the protein oxidation is a probably important part of the storage lesion. During storage, various mechanisms of cell signaling are activated and are mainly related to cell aging, cell clearance and, probably, programmed cell death. The stored RBCs-derived vesicles bear the same signaling components with their parent cells and, as a result, they probably are also post-transfusionally removed by the same mechanisms. In addition, the role of vesiculation seems to be at least of dual importance: a) one negative parameter is associated with the resulted permanent membrane loss, but b) another positive parameter is probably associated with the specific protein composition of the collected vesicles: since they contain harmful, oxidized and high components signaling potential their release during storage may prevent the premature removal or death of otherwise functional RBCs. Recent clinical studies, supporting the practice of using more "fresh" pRBCs for transfusion purposes, especially in critically affected patients, corroborated the results of the present study.Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η κυτταροβιολογική μελέτη των συμπυκνωμένων ερυθροκυττάρων (ΣΕ) που προορίζονται για μετάγγιση προκειμένου να βρεθούν οι άριστες συνθήκες συντήρησης ex vivo που εξασφαλίζουν καλή βιωσιμότητα και λειτουργικότητα. Η μεθοδολογία περιλάμβανε απομόνωση και ανάλυση πρωτεϊνών των ΣΕ σε διάφορα χρονικά σημεία της αποθήκευσης με τεχνικές ηλεκτροφόρησης, ανοσοαποτυπώματος κατά Western και μικροσκοπίας (ηλεκτρονικής, φωτονικής και φθορισμού). Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν πως: 1. Η οξείδωση της μεμβράνης, του κυτταροσκελετού και του κυτταροπλάσματος είναι μέρος της αποθηκευτικής βλάβης των ΣΕ. 2. Η αιμοσφαιρίνη μετατοπίζεται από το κυτταρόπλασμα στη μεμβράνη αλλά και στον υπομεμβρανικό κυτταροσκελετό. 3. Οι κύριες πρωτεΐνες του ερυθροκυττάρου καθώς και εκείνες που συσχετίζονται με τις λιπιδικές σχεδίες εγκαταλείπουν τη μεμβράνη και άλλες φαίνεται να μετατοπίζονται από το κυτταρόπλασμα στη μεμβράνη. 4. Υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ενεργοποίησης του μεμβρανικού μονοπατιού της απόπτωσης. 5. Παρατηρήθηκαν πρωτεολυτικά θραύσματα των κασπασών-8 και -3 που αντιπροσωπεύουν τις ενεργοποιημένες μορφές τους. 6. Τα ΣΕ, καθώς αυξάνει ο χρόνος της αποθήκευσης μετασχηματίζονται αρχικά σε ακανθοκύτταρα και στη συνέχεια σε σφαιρο-ακανθοκύτταρα. 7. Τα μικροκυστίδια που απομονώθηκαν από τους ασκούς των ΣΕ είχαν διάμετρο από 50-210nm ενώ τα μικροκυστίδια που απομονώθηκαν από ασκούς αποθηκευμένους για μία ημέρα ήταν μικρότερα σε μέγεθος (137±37 nm) από αυτά που απομονώθηκαν στο τέλος της αποθηκευτικής περιόδου (35η ημέρα, 137±37nm). 8. Η κυστιδιοποίηση αυξάνει με την πάροδο του χρόνου αποθήκευσης. 9. Τα κυστίδια δεν περιέχουν σκελετικά συστατικά ενώ φέρουν ακτίνη, ζώνη-3 και γλυκοφορίνη-Α. 10. Πειράματα ανοσοεντόπισης έδειξαν την απουσία υδατοπορίνης στα κυστίδια, την παρουσία πρωτεϊνών που σχετίζονται με τις λιπιδικές σχεδίες, πρωτεΐνες που συμμετέχουν στο μεμβρανικό μονοπάτι της απόπτωσης και πρωτεΐνες που συμμετέχουν αρνητικά ή θετικά σε πορείες κυτταρικής εκκαθάρισης. 11. Οι κυστιδιακές πρωτεΐνες βρέθηκαν σε μεγάλο βαθμό καρβονυλιωμένες. Συμπερασματικά, τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της μελέτης περιέγραψαν τη σταδιακή αναδιαμόρφωση της ερυθροκυτταρικής μεμβράνης που λαμβάνει χώρα κατά την αποθήκευση. Η πρωτεϊνική οξείδωση φαίνεται να συνιστά σημαντικό καθοριστή της αποθηκευτικής βλάβης των ΣΕ. Κατά την αποθήκευση ενεργοποιούνται διάφοροι μηχανισμοί κυτταρικής σηματοδότησης, που σχετίζονται με τη γήρανση, την εκκαθάριση και ίσως τον προγραμματισμένο κυτταρικό θάνατο των ερυθρών. Τα κυστίδια που παράγονται στον ασκό φέρουν τα ίδια σηματοδοτικά συστατικά με τα κύτταρα προέλευσης τους. Επιπρόσθετα, ο ρόλος της κυστιδιοποίησης κατά την αποθήκευση φαίνεται να είναι διττός: αφενός μεν είναι αρνητικός καθώς προκαλεί μη-αντιστρεπτή μείωση της κυτταρικής επιφάνειας, από την άλλη όμως εξασφαλίζει στο ερυθροκύτταρο την απομάκρυνση οξειδωμένων και επιζήμιων συστατικών τα οποία θα προκαλούσαν τον πρώιμο θάνατο των ερυθροκυττάρων στους ασκούς της μετάγγισης. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης αυτής επιβεβαιώθηκαν πρόσφατα από κλινικές μελέτες που υποστηρίζουν τη χρήση φρέσκων ασκών για μετάγγιση ειδικά σε ασθενείς που είναι ανοσοκατεσταλμένοι ή βρίσκονται σε μονάδες εντατικής θεραπείας
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
