1,720,957 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Energiewirtschaftliche Systemintegration eines CO2-armen Hüttenwerks unter aktiver Anwendung der Sektorenkopplung
Full text linkDie Stahlindustrie kann technisch und wirtschaftlich derzeit nur mit der Wasserstoffdirektreduktion
dekarbonisiert werden, wobei Kohle als Reduktionsmittel durch Wasserstoff substituiert wird. Dafür
ersetzt die Direktreduktionsroute bestehend aus Elektrolyse, Direktreduktionsanlage und Elektrolichtbogenofen die heutige Hochofenroute bestehend aus Kokerei, Hochofen und Konverter. Die anschließende Sekundärmetallurgie sowie die Walzwerke und Oberflächenbehandlung bleiben erhalten, werden
jedoch mit Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen betrieben.
Um die energiewirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge des Hüttenwerks während der Transformation sowie die zukünftige Energiesystemintegration eines CO2-armen Hüttenwerks zu untersuchen, wird ein
gemischt ganzzahliges lineares Optimierungsmodell des Hüttenwerks mit dem Ziel der Energiekostenminimierung aufgebaut. Das Optimierungsmodell wurde in Kooperation mit der Salzgitter Flachstahl
GmbH im Rahmen des SACLOS®-Projekts erstellt und anhand historischer Daten validiert.
Im heutigen kohlenstoffbasierten Hüttenwerk wird die eingesetzte Primärenergie bereits mit hoher
Effizienz genutzt, indem die entstehenden Kuppelgase energetisch im Hüttenwerk weiterverwendet
werden. Dabei sind jedoch die Energiebedarfe sowie die Erzeugung der Kuppelgase über die Produktionsprozesse derart gekoppelt, dass der Einsatz von Erdgas und Fremdstrom kaum variiert oder gesenkt
werden kann.
Durch die Transformation des Hüttenwerks sinkt der Primärenergieeinsatz um die Hälfte, indem
Kohle mittelfristig durch Erdgas und langfristig durch Wasserstoff aus erneuerbarer elektrischer Energie ersetzt wird. Dabei bleibt das Hüttenwerk jedoch durch die gekoppelten Produktionsprozesse weitestgehend unflexibel. Demgegenüber steht die fluktuierende Erzeugung der erneuerbaren Energien,
deren installierten Leistungen aufgrund der niedrigen Volllaststunden das Zwei- bis Sechsfache der
Bezugsleistung des Hüttenwerks entsprechen müssen.
Die aktive Anwendung der Sektorenkopplung ermöglicht eine leistungseffiziente Energiesystemintegration, indem erneuerbarer Strom und grüner Wasserstoff bedarfsgerecht erzeugt, genutzt oder
gespeichert werden. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurde das Optimierungsmodell über die Bilanzgrenzen
des Hüttenwerks um erneuerbare Energiequellen, Elektrolyse, Batterie- und Wasserstoffspeicher erweitert. So wurden verschiedene Integrationsszenarien anhand der spezifischen Energiegestehungskosten
bezogen auf die Produktionsmenge Rohstahl verglichen.
Überdimensionierte und teure Batteriespeicher können durch eine flexible Elektrolyse vermieden
werden, sodass der kostengünstigere Wasserstoffspeicher als saisonaler Energiespeicher genutzt werden
kann. Darüber hinaus kann kostengünstigere Photovoltaikenergie zur Wasserstofferzeugung genutzt
werden und so die Energiegestehungskosten weiter gesenkt werden. Die Weiternutzung eines integrierten Wasserstoff-Kraftwerks minimiert den elektrischen Speicherbedarf weiter, indem Wasserstoff im
Hüttenwerk rückverstromt werden kann.
Durch die grundsätzliche Lagerfähigkeit des direkt reduzierten Eisens können die Produktionsprozesse der Direktreduktionsanlage und des Elektrolichtbogenofens entkoppelt und somit flexibilisiert
werden. Das Lager kann so als saisonaler Energiespeicher genutzt werden und minimiert insbesondere
den Wasserstoffspeicherbedarf. Dadurch produziert die Direktreduktionsanlage in den Sommermonaten mit günstigem Wasserstoff direkt aus Photovoltaikenergie, während der Elektrolichtbogenofen in
den Wintermonaten Windenergie nutzt, um Stahl zu produzieren. So können die Energiegestehungskosten um bis zu 15 % gesenkt werden.
Zusammenfassend kann durch die aktive Anwendung der Sektorenkopplung ein CO2-armes Hüttenwerk effizient und kostengünstig in das zukünftige Energiesystem integriert werden. Durch eine hohe
Energieeffizienz und eine flexibilisierte Produktion kann das zukünftige Hüttenwerk die Transformation unterstützen.The steel industry can currently only be decarbonized technically and economically through hydrogen direct reduction, where coal as a reducing agent is substituted with hydrogen. In this context, the
direct reduction route, consisting of electrolysis, direct reduction plant, and electric arc furnace, replaces the current blast furnace route comprising coke oven, blast furnace, and converter. The subsequent
secondary metallurgy, rolling mills, and surface treatment are retained but operated with energy from
renewable sources.
To examine the energy-economic interdependencies of the steelworks during its transformation and
the future energy system integration of a low-CO2 steelworks, a mixed-integer linear optimization
model of the steelworks is developed with the objective of minimizing energy costs. The optimization
model was created in collaboration with Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH within the framework of the
SACLOS® project and validated using historical data.
n the current carbon-based steelworks, primary energy is already utilized with high efficiency, recycling the generated blast furnace gases within the steelworks. However, energy demands and the
production of blast furnace gases are tightly coupled through the production processes, limiting the
variation or reduction of natural gas and external electricity usage.
The transformation of the steelworks reduces the primary energy input by half, replacing coal
with natural gas in the medium term and hydrogen from renewable electric energy in the long term.
However, the steelworks remains largely inflexible due to the coupled production processes. This
contrasts with the fluctuating generation of renewable energies, whose installed capacities, due to low
full-load hours, must be two to six times the reference power of the steelworks.
The active application of sector coupling enables a performance-efficient energy system integration
by generating, utilizing, or storing renewable electricity and green hydrogen as needed. To investigate
this, the optimization model is expanded beyond the boundaries of the steelworks to include renewable
energy sources, electrolysis, battery, and hydrogen storage. Various integration scenarios are compared
based on specific energy generation costs relative to the production quantity of raw steel.
Oversized and expensive battery storage can be avoided through flexible electrolysis, allowing the
more cost-effective hydrogen storage to function as a seasonal energy reservoir. Additionally, cost-effective photovoltaic energy can be used for hydrogen production, further reducing energy generation
costs. The continued use of an integrated hydrogen power plant further minimizes the electrical storage
requirement by allowing hydrogen to be reconverted into electricity within the steelworks.
The inherent storability of directly reduced iron allows the decoupling and flexibilization of the
processes of the direct reduction plant and the electric arc furnace. The storage can serve as a seasonal
energy reservoir, particularly minimizing the need for hydrogen storage. Consequently, the direct
reduction plant can produce with low-cost hydrogen directly from photovoltaic energy in the summer
months, while the electric arc furnace utilizes wind energy in the winter months to produce steel. This
approach can reduce energy generation costs by up to 15 %.
In conclusion, through the active application of sector coupling, a low-CO2 steelworks can be efficiently and cost-effectively integrated into the future energy system. With high energy efficiency and
a flexible production approach, the future steelworks can support the ongoing transformation
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