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AMANTADINE AND GABAPENTIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOGS
No full textOsteoartritis (OA) je kronično, progresivno, degenerativno upalno patološko stanje
zglobova obilježeno degeneracijom zglobne hrskavice i stvaranjem osteofita. U veterinarskoj
praksi vrlo je zahtjevno i važno prepoznati kronično prisutnu neuropatsku bol u pacijenata s
OA. Prvi lijek izbora kod većina pacijenata sa OA su nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi (NSPUL).
NSPUL ne pružaju potpuno ili dostatno ublažavanje boli kod OA, imaju značajan negativan
učinak na hrskavični matriks te inhibiraju reparativne mehanizme zgloba. Zbog toga se liječenju
OA pristupa multimodalnim pristupom, odnosno kombinacijom više lijekova s različitim
načinima djelovanja. Amantadin neutralizira središnje senzibilizacije inhibicijom NMDA
receptora, a gabapentin ometa i mijenja način prijenosa boli u leđnoj moždini. Oba lijeka
pokazuju sinergijski učinak s NSPUL lijekovima.
Amantadin i gabapentin trebali bi postati sastavni dio protokola multimodalnog pristupa
liječenju OA u pasa.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative inflammatory pathological
condition of the joints characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage and the
formation of osteophytes. In veterinary practice, it is very demanding and important to
recognize chronically present neuropathic pain in patients with OA. The first drug of choice in
most patients is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). However, NSAIDs do not
provide complete or sufficient pain relief in OA, have a significant negative effect on the
cartilage matrix and inhibit the reparative mechanisms of the joint. Therefore, the treatment of
OA is approached by a multimodal approach, that is a combination of several drugs with
different modes of action. Amantadine neutralizes central sensitization by inhibiting NMDA
receptors, and Gabapentin interferes and changes the way spinal cord pain is transmitted.
Both drugs show a synergistic effect with NSAID drugs.
Amantadine and Gabapentin should become an integral part of a protocol for a
multimodal approach for the treatment of OA in dogs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Grapiprant - drug against chronic pain in dogs
No full textKronična bol je veliki problem koji se često javlja u pasa te, osim psima, uzrokuje veliki
stres i vlasnicima koji se brinu za njih. Ponekad je jako teško prepoznati kroničnu bol kod pasa
zato što su im promjene u ponašanju tako suptilne da ih jedino vlasnik može vidjeti. Jedan od
najčešćih uzroka te boli je osteoartritis. Osteoartritis je najčešća kronična bolest lokomotornog
sustava. To je degenerativni, progresivni, upalni i bolni proces koji zahvaća cijeli zglob. Liječi se
na razne načine: gubitkom težine, vježbanjem i lijekovima. Lijekovi koji se najčešće koriste su
nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi, ali kako njihova primjena može imati mnogo nuspojava zbog čega
se ne mogu dugo koristiti (a terapija osteoartritisa je obično doživotna), uvijek se traže novi lijekovi
koji bi pomogli sa liječenjem. Grapiprant je novi lijek koji se koristi u tu svrhu. Njegova prednost
je što puno specifičnije djeluje na receptore za razliku od ostalih nestereoidnih protuupalnih
lijekova. On se pokazao kao dobar lijek u liječenju blagog do umjerenog osteoartritisa sa blagim
nuspojavama. Dokazalo se da se može dulje koristiti i također se pokazao kao dobar izbor kod
pasa homozigota za MDR1-1Δ gen uz smanjenje doze. Zbog toga bi ga se trebalo redovito koristiti
u liječenju osteoartritisa kod pasa.Chronic pain is a big problem that often occurs in dogs, and it also causes a lot of stress to the
owners who take care of them. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize chronic pain in dogs
because the changes in their behavior are so subtle that only the owner can see them. One of the
most common causes of this pain is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic
disease of the locomotor system. It is a degenerative, progressive, inflammatory and painful
process that affects the entire joint. It is treated in various ways: weight loss, exercise and
medication. The most commonly used drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but as their
use can have many side effects and cannot be used for a long time (and osteoarthritis therapy is
usually lifelong), new drugs are always being sought to help with treatment. Grapiprant is a new
drug used for this purpose. Its advantage is that it acts much more specifically on receptors, unlike
other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has proven to be a good drug in the treatment of
mild to moderate osteoarthritis with mild side effects. It has proven to be able to be used for a
longer period of time and has also been shown to be a good choice in dogs homozygous for the
MDR1-1Δ gene with a dose reduction. For this reason, it should be used regularly in the treatment
of osteoarthritis in dogs
Diagnostics of Lameness in Dogs
Get PDFU ovom diplomskom radu pregledno je prikazana dijagnostika hromosti u pasa. Raznim kliničkim pretragama pokušava se postaviti dijagnoza i lokalizacija procesa koji uzrokuju hromost. Uz neizostavno uzimanje nacionala, anamneze i vršenja inspekcije, vrlo je važno napraviti palpaciju prednjih i stražnjih ekstremiteta prilikom čega se rade specijalni testovi koji olakšavaju put do konačne dijagnoze. Kompjuterizirana tomografija, magnetska rezonanca i nuklearna scintigrafija su metode koje se ne koriste često, ali uvelike mogu olakšati postavljanje dijagnoze. Najčešći oblici dijagnostike su rendgenološka pretraga i pretraga ultrazvukom. Osim lokomotornog sustava, uzrok hromosti mogu biti neurološke poremetnje stoga se uz ortopedski pregled radi i neurološki pregled.This graduate thesis presents an overview of diagnostics of lameness in dogs. With various clinical examinations we are trying to get a diagnosis and localization of the process which cause lameness. With inevitable taking description of animal, anamnesis and performing inspection, it is very important to do palpation of the front and back extremities. During palpation special tests are performed to make the final diagnosis easier. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance and nuclear scintigraphy are not often used methods, but they can facilitate setting the diagnosis. The most common forms of diagnostics are X-ray scan and ultrasound search. Apart from the locomotor system, cause of lameness may also be some neurological disorder. Because of that, beside of orthopaedic examination, we have to do a neurological examination
Grapiprant - drug against chronic pain in dogs
No full textKronična bol je veliki problem koji se često javlja u pasa te, osim psima, uzrokuje veliki
stres i vlasnicima koji se brinu za njih. Ponekad je jako teško prepoznati kroničnu bol kod pasa
zato što su im promjene u ponašanju tako suptilne da ih jedino vlasnik može vidjeti. Jedan od
najčešćih uzroka te boli je osteoartritis. Osteoartritis je najčešća kronična bolest lokomotornog
sustava. To je degenerativni, progresivni, upalni i bolni proces koji zahvaća cijeli zglob. Liječi se
na razne načine: gubitkom težine, vježbanjem i lijekovima. Lijekovi koji se najčešće koriste su
nesteroidni protuupalni lijekovi, ali kako njihova primjena može imati mnogo nuspojava zbog čega
se ne mogu dugo koristiti (a terapija osteoartritisa je obično doživotna), uvijek se traže novi lijekovi
koji bi pomogli sa liječenjem. Grapiprant je novi lijek koji se koristi u tu svrhu. Njegova prednost
je što puno specifičnije djeluje na receptore za razliku od ostalih nestereoidnih protuupalnih
lijekova. On se pokazao kao dobar lijek u liječenju blagog do umjerenog osteoartritisa sa blagim
nuspojavama. Dokazalo se da se može dulje koristiti i također se pokazao kao dobar izbor kod
pasa homozigota za MDR1-1Δ gen uz smanjenje doze. Zbog toga bi ga se trebalo redovito koristiti
u liječenju osteoartritisa kod pasa.Chronic pain is a big problem that often occurs in dogs, and it also causes a lot of stress to the
owners who take care of them. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize chronic pain in dogs
because the changes in their behavior are so subtle that only the owner can see them. One of the
most common causes of this pain is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic
disease of the locomotor system. It is a degenerative, progressive, inflammatory and painful
process that affects the entire joint. It is treated in various ways: weight loss, exercise and
medication. The most commonly used drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but as their
use can have many side effects and cannot be used for a long time (and osteoarthritis therapy is
usually lifelong), new drugs are always being sought to help with treatment. Grapiprant is a new
drug used for this purpose. Its advantage is that it acts much more specifically on receptors, unlike
other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has proven to be a good drug in the treatment of
mild to moderate osteoarthritis with mild side effects. It has proven to be able to be used for a
longer period of time and has also been shown to be a good choice in dogs homozygous for the
MDR1-1Δ gene with a dose reduction. For this reason, it should be used regularly in the treatment
of osteoarthritis in dogs
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
MEDICAL THERAPY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN DOGS
No full textOsteoartritis je kronični, progresivni i nezaustavljivi degenerativni poremećaj složene
etiologije okarakteriziran gubitkom zglobne hrskavice i periartikularnom koštanom pregradnjom.
Zbog njegove komplicirane etiologije trenutno ne postoji lijek, te su ciljevi liječenja usmjereni
na kontrolu boli, održavanje i poboljšanje raspona pokreta i stabilnosti pogođenih zglobova, uz
istovremeno ograničavanje funkcionalnog oštećenja. Za postizanje optimalnih rezultata,
liječenje osteoartritisa zahtjeva individualizirani pristup svakom pacijentu i višestruke strategije,
farmakološke i nefarmakološke prirode. Farmakološki pristup je najviše usmjeren olakšanju
bolova povezanih sa OA. Prvi izbor lijekova predstavlja NSAID skupina lijekova koja ima
dokazano djelovanje na olakšanje osteoartritične boli. No, zbog kronične prirode OA koja često
zahtjeva dugoročnu farmakoterapiju, dokazani visoki potencijal za razvoj nuspojava ograničava
korištenje NSAID lijekova na duže staze. Stoga se u današnje vrijeme preporučuje njihova
kombinacija sa drugim analgeticima, poput opijata, te hondroprotektivima.
Prevencija predstavlja najbolju opciju u borbi protiv ove bolesti. Ograničavanje rizičnih
čimbenika, poput pretilosti, oštećenja zglobova, te nedostatka adekvatne tjelovježbe, može imati
značajan utjecaj na smanjenje rizika od razvoja osteoartritisa. No, kada se pacijentu postavi
dijagnoza OA, odgovarajući nefarmakološki postupci moraju predstavljati prvu liniju liječenja
blagog tijeka bolesti ili kombinaciju sa farmakološkim sredstvima kod progresivnog tijeka
bolesti. Ti postupci uključuju obrazovanje vlasnika, gubitak težine, tjelovježbu, fizikalnu
terapiju, te korištenje raznih dodatnih metoda, poput akupunkture. Kirurški postupci bi trebali
predstavljati zadnji izbor liječenja osteoartritičnih simptoma kod pacijenata koji ne ne reagiraju
na manje invazivne terapijske metode.Osteoarthritis is a chronic, progressive and unstoppable degenerative disorder of complex
etiology characterized by loss of joint cartilage and periarticular bone remodeling. Due to its
complex etiology, currently there is no cure, and the goals of treatment are aimed at controlling
pain, maintaining and improving range of motion and stability of the affected joints, while also
limiting the functional impairment. For the best results, the treatment of osteoarthritis requests
individualized approach to each patient and multiple strategies, pharmacological and nonpharmacological
nature. The pharmacological approach is the most targeted relief of pain
associated with OA. The first choice of medicines is a NSAID class of drugs that has a proven
effect on osteoarthritic pain relief. However, due to the chronic nature of OA which often
requires long-term pharmacotherapy, proven high development potential side effects limit the
use of NSAID drugs in the long run. Therefore, today is recommended their combination with
other analgesics, such as opiates, and hondroprotective agents.
Prevention is the best option in the fight against this disease. Limiting risk factors, such as
obesity, joint damage, and lack of adequate exercise, can have a significant impact on reducing
the risk of developing osteoarthritis. However, when a patient is diagnosed OA, appropriate
lifestyle interventions must represent the first-line treatment of mild course of disease or a
combination of pharmacologic agents in the progressive course of the disease. These procedures
include education of the owner, weight loss, exercise, physical therapy, and the use of various
additional methods, such as acupuncture. Surgical procedures should constitute a last resort
treatment of osteoarthritic symptoms in patients who do not respond to less invasive therapeutic
methods
Medial Patellar Luxation in Dogs
Get PDFMedijalno iščašenje ivera česta je pojava i uzrok šepanja u malih pasmina pasa stoga ima velik značaj u veterinarskoj praksi. Međutim, kirurško liječenje lakših slučajeva često se izbjegava i ne smatra bitnim. Iščašenje većinom nastane zbog traume, ali može biti prisutno već pri rođenju što je često povezano s težim deformacijama kostiju. Težina kliničkih znakova ovisi o stupnju iščašenja ivera, a u nekim slučajevima kada nema kliničkih znakova do dijagnoze se dolazi tijekom rutinskog kliničkog pregleda. Osim ortopedskog pregleda, dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju rendgenskog snimanja. Vrsta operativnog zahvata ovisi o stupnju iščašenja, a može se temeljiti na rekonstrukciji mekih tkiva ili kostiju. Najčešće korištene tehnike su zatezanje lateralnog retinakuluma, trohleoplastika i transpozicija goljenične kvrge dok se kod težih deformacija kostiju primjenjuje osteotomija. Danas postoje i moderne metode rješavanja ovog ortopedskog problema kao što je korištenje implantanata. Veliku ulogu u liječenju treba pridati postoperativnoj analgeziji te imobilizaciji noge. Rijeđe se događaju veće komplikacije, ali se može javiti ponovno iščašenje ivera ili popuštanje implantanata što se smatra najčešćim. U većini slučajeva prognoza je odlična, noga se vraća normalnoj funkciji te se hromost ne pojavljuje.Medial patellar luxation is often a common occurrence and the cause of lameness in small breeds of dogs, therefore, of great significance in veterinary practice. However, surgical treatment of light cases is often avoided and not considered essential. Most of luxations occur due to trauma, but may be present at the birth, which is often associated with more severe deformations of the bones. The severity of clinical signs depends on the degree of patellar luxation, but in some cases there are no clinical signs until the diagnosis comes during a routine clinical examination. Apart from an orthopedic examination, the diagnosis is set after X-rays. The type of surgery depends on the degree of luxation and may be based on the soft tissue or bone reconstruction. The most commonly used techniques are the overlap of lateral retinaculum, trochleoplasty and transposition of tibial tuberosity while severe bone deformations apply osteotomy. Today there are also modern methods of dealing with this orthopedic problem such as the use of implants. An important role in the treatment should be given to postoperative analgesia and leg immobilization. There are fewer complications, but there may be a recurrence or loosening of the implants which are considered the most common. In most cases, the prognosis is excellent, the leg returns to normal function and the lameness does not appear
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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