1,721,042 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Pre- and post-pyrolysis treatments in biochar-based fertilization
No full textBiochar is produced by pyrolysis of biomass and applied to soil for carbon sequestration. Its application further aims to improve crop yield in agriculture and to reduce nutrient leaching and soil-borne nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Still, little is known if these co-benefits attributed to high, but uneconomic biochar application rates can be observed when using biochar as biochar-based fertilizer (BBF), a combination of biochar and fertilizer in one product, resulting in low biochar application rates to soil of ~1-5 t ha-1 season-1. In this thesis, BBF production methods applied before (pre-) or after (post-) pyrolysis were elucidated on their effects on the pyrolysis process, biochar properties and agricultural performance. An underlying aim of this work was to investigate the extent to which wood ash as pyrolysis additive can increase biochar yields and how BBF production methods, mainly granulation and liquid fertilizer-enrichment, affect agronomic performance of low biochar application rates to soil.
Biomass was amended with wood ash before pyrolysis, aiming to recycle ash-derived nutrients and to increase dry and ash-free biochar yield. Ash amendment was most effective to elevate biochar yield when applied to woody biomass while negative effects were observed for gramineous biomass. Results from pilot-plant scale were confirmed by pyrolysis on industrial scale, which has the potential to reduce biochar production costs.
Wood ash and pyrolysis feedstocks like marine biomass can be enriched with chlorine, potentially leading to biochar contamination with polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCB+PCDD/F), a largely unexplored topic in biochar production. In pyrolysis experiments performed in this thesis, the use of chlorine-rich feedstock did not increase PCB+PCDD/F contamination of biochar above limit values set in the European Biochar Certificate, enabling biochar producers to use chlorine enriched additives and biomass in the future.
Impacts of different post-pyrolysis treatments on crop growth, nutrient leaching and soil-borne N2O emissions were studied in greenhouse experiments. Biochar, liquid enriched with fertilizer and applied concentrated in the root-zone at low dosage (~1 t ha-1), increased yields of white cabbage by up to 21% compared to fertilized soil without a biochar amendment. The underlying mechanisms remained unclear; a better nutrient supply might have occurred due to BBF application directly below seedlings.
A further focus was on the preparation of granulated BBF. It was hypothesized that the close contact of fertilizer and biochar after granulation reduces the nutrient release rate from BBF leading to decreased nutrient leaching and soil-borne N2O emissions. Granulated BBF reduced nutrient leaching by up to 35% in sandy loam, similar to non-granulated biochar. Still, higher crop yields compared to non-amended soil were only observed with non-granulated biochar co-applied with fertilizer, which was associated with immobilization of macronutrients in granulated BBF. In silt loam, granulated BBF increased nitrogen leaching by 32% compared to non-amended soil, highlighting that BBF application strategies need to be adapted to soil types. Soil borne N2O emissions were not reduced with a low biochar application rate resulting from granulated BBF amendment (~1 t ha-1). However, reductions could occur after repeated use over several years.
Lastly, acidification of biochar was studied as a tool to reduce nitrate (NO3-) leaching from soil. Citric acid treated and NO3--enriched biochar reduced NO3- leaching more effectively than non-acidified biochar in a greenhouse experiment with sandy loam. Still, unintended side-effects of citric-acid treatment, like decreased macronutrient uptake in spinach and an increase in soil pH, potentially due to decarboxylation of citrate, make this method unsuitable for BBF application. Further, nitric acid was used for acidification to systematically study sorption mechanisms of NO3- to biochar at soil relevant pH (pH 5 and pH 7) by avoiding interference with competing anions, such as citrate. Previous research reported increased NO3- sorption at higher biochar production temperature and at decreased in equilibration pH, which was confirmed by the experiments in this thesis, but so far, sorption mechanisms remained unclear. The experiments in this thesis indicated that NO3- sorption at soil relevant pH is dominated by sorption to protonated, condensed aromatic structures of biochar. Nitric-acid enriched BBF amended to LUFA standard soils reduced NO3- leaching by up to 20% in soil with pH below 6 while leaching from soil with neutral pH was only marginally affected compared to non-amended soil.
The most consistent effect of using low biochar application rates applied as BBF in this thesis was an averaged 42 ± 16% reduction in nitrogen leaching from sandy soil, which likely enabled BBF-induced increases in crop yields by 14 ± 12% following leaching events across different experiments. In absence of leaching, crop yields were changed by +5 ± 9% across all greenhouse experiments, here, significant differences to non-treated soil could only be rarely observed.
This thesis highlighted the potential of wood ash as an additive in biomass pyrolysis and established a basic understanding on contamination of biochar with PCB+PCDD/F. Further, BBF application at low biochar application rate to soil has the potential to reduce nutrient leaching from soil while reductions in N2O emissions and increases in crop yields are uncertain, which needs to be further studied under field conditions
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
