1,720,965 research outputs found
First-Destination Outcomes for 2015–2018 Public Health Graduates: Focus on Employment
Full text linkObjectives: To improve understanding of the future public health workforce by analyzing first-destination employment outcomes of public health graduates.
Methods: We assessed graduate outcomes for those graduating in 2015–2018 using descriptive statistics and the Pearson χ2 test.
Results: In our analysis of data on 53 463 graduates, we found that 73% were employed; 15% enrolled in further education; 5% entered a fellowship, internship, residency, volunteer, or service program; and 6% were not employed. Employed graduates went to work in health care (27%), corporations (24%), academia (19%), government (17%), nonprofit (12%), and other sectors (1%). In 2018, 9% of bachelor’s, 4% of master’s, and 2% of doctoral graduates were not employed but seeking employment.
Conclusions: Today’s public health graduates are successful in finding employment in various sectors. This new workforce may expand public health’s reach and lead to healthier communities overall.
Public Health Implications: With predicted shortages in the governmental public health workforce and expanding hiring because of COVID-19, policymakers need to work to ensure the supply of public health graduates meets the demands of the workforce.Plepys, Christine M.; Krasna, Heather; Leider, Jonathon P.; Burke, Emily M.; Blakely, Craig H.; Magaña, Laura. (2021). First-Destination Outcomes for 2015–2018 Public Health Graduates: Focus on Employment. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306038
Standard Occupational Classification Codes: Gaps in Federal Data on the Public Health Workforce
Full text linkObjectives: To determine whether US Department of Labor standard occupational classification (SOC) codes can be used for public health workforce research.
Methods: We reviewed past attempts at SOC matching for public health occupations and then used the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) to match the actual job titles for 26,516 respondents to the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS) with SOC codes, grouped by respondents’ choice of job category in PH WINS. We assessed the accuracy of the NIOCCS matches and excluded matches under a cutpoint using the Youden Index. We assessed the percentage of SOC matches with insufficient information and diversity of SOC matches per PH WINS category using the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index.
Results: Several key public health occupations do not have a SOC code, including disease intervention specialist, public health nurse, policy analyst, program manager, grants or contracts specialist, and peer counselor.
Conclusions: Without valid SOC matches and detailed data on local and state government health departments, the US Department of Labor’s data cannot be used for public health workforce enumeration.This project was supported by the Centers for
Diseases Control and Prevention and the Health
Resources and Services Administration (awards
U81HP47167 and UR2HP47371).Krasna, Heather; Venkataraman, Malvika; Robins, Moriah; Patino, Isabella; Leider, Jonathon P.. (2024). Standard Occupational Classification Codes: Gaps in Federal Data on the Public Health Workforce. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307463
The State of the US Public HealthWorkforce: Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions
Full text linkBetween the 2009 Great Recession and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the US state and local governmental public health workforce lost 40,000 jobs. Tens of thousands of workers also left during the pandemic and continue to leave. As governmental health departments are now receiving multimillion-dollar, temporary federal investments to replenish their workforce, this review synthesizes the evidence regarding major challenges that preceded the pandemic and remain now. These include the lack of the field’s ability to readily enumerate and define the governmental public health workforce as well as challenges with the recruitment and retention of public health workers. This review finds that many workforce-related challenges identified more than 20 years ago persist in the field today. Thus, it is critical that we look back to be able to then move forward to successfully rebuild the workforce and assure adequate capacity to protect the public’s health and respond to public health emergencies.PH WINS is funded by the de Beaumont Foundation and fielded in collaboration with ASTHO.Leider, Jonathon P.; Yeager, Valerie A.; Kirkland, Chelsey; Krasna, Heather; Bork, Rachel Hare; Resnick, Beth. (2023). The State of the US Public HealthWorkforce: Ongoing Challenges and Future Directions. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071421-032830
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Federal Student Loan Debt in Public Health and the Opportunities for Loan Repayment Programs
Full text linkObjectives: A need persists for graduates with public health training in government public health roles; however, earnings for these positions tend to be lower when compared with earnings for people with undergraduate or graduate training who are working in other sectors, such as private health care or pharmaceuticals. This study assessed federal student loan debt associated with education for public health, with an aim to quantify the need that may be met through the federal Public Health Workforce Loan Repayment Program (PHWLRP), which is one tool that policy makers have proposed to incentivize people with public health training to pursue employment in government public health.
Methods: We analyzed federal student loan data provided by the National Center for Education Statistics College Scorecard for the 2018-2019 academic year. We merged these data with the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System to estimate the number of degrees awarded. We used Spearman rank correlation to compare associations between debt and annual earnings by award level (bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees).
Results: Across all award levels, the median level of federal student loan debt associated with education for public health was 80,687 for graduates with doctoral degrees and $33,279 for graduates with bachelor’s degrees.
Conclusions: As policy makers attempt to strengthen the public health workforce with a focus on funding and implementing the PHWLRP, the existing levels of student debt should be considered to ensure that programs such as the PHWLRP are funded and reflect the needs of graduates and government public health employers.The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.Tait, Margaret; Burke, Emily; Leshan, Tim; Casalotti, Adriane; Krasna, Heather; Leider, Jonathon P.. (2024). Federal Student Loan Debt in Public Health and the Opportunities for Loan Repayment Programs. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1177/00333549231223712
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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