1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Ihmisten tietoisen näön ja pupillin valorefleksin avaruudellisten integraatioominaisuuksien karakterisointi näköherkkyyden absoluuttisella kynnyksellä
No full textTietoisen näköjärjestelmämme herkkyys lähestyy huomattavan lähelle valon kvanttiluonteen asettamia herkkyysrajoja. Tämän korkean herkkyyden mahdollistaa sauvojen bipolaari polku (RBP), joka on tähän mennessä tutkituista hermopiireistä herkin, ja jonka avulla voimme tietoisesti havaita valoärsykkeitä, jotka tuottavat yhteensä alle tusinan yksittäisten fotonien absorptiota sauva fotoreseptoreissa. Yksi RBP:n keskeisistä piirteistä on tuhansissa verkkokalvon pinnalla olevissa sauvoissa syntyvien signaalien yhdistäminen (avaruudellinen integraatio) yksittäisiin verkkokalvon gangliosoluihin (RGC), jotka myöhemmin koodaavat visuaalisen informaation toimintapotentiaalien sarjana ja siirtävät nämä signaalit aivoihin. Tänä päivänä, ei-tietoisen näön taustalla olevien hermopiirien rakennetta ja herkkyysrajoja ei tunneta hyvin. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytimme pupillin valorefleksiä (PLR) ei-tietoisen näköjärjestelmän toiminnallisena lukemana mitataksemme ja vertaillaksemme samanaikaisesti tietoisen ja ei-tietoisen näköjärjestelmän kynnysherkkyyttä eri tilaskaaloilla pimeään sopeutuneissa ihmisissä. Tätä tarkoitusta varten suunnittelimme, rakensimme ja kalibroimme laitteen, joka pystyy tuottamaan tarkasti kalibroituja ärsykkeitä viiden suuruusluokan voimakkuudella ja neljän suuruusluokan koolla. Havaitsimme, että pupilli ja tietoinen näkökyky ilmaisevat ärsykkeen koosta riippuvia eroja kynnysherkkyydessään, jossa kun käytetään koko näkökentän kattavia ärsykkeitä, pupilli vastaa tietoisen näkökyvyn herkkyyttä reagoimalla ärsykkeisiin, jotka tuottavat keskimäärin alle kolme fotoniabsorptiota, jotka jakautuvat kymmenen tuhannen sauva fotoreseptorin joukolle, mutta kun käytetään pieniä ärsykkeitä, pupillin kynnysherkkyys jää kertaluokkaa pienemmäksi kuin tietoisen näköjärjestelmän. Lisäksi havaitsimme, että pupilli tuottaa vakiovasteen vakiomäärälle fotoneja (täydellinen avaruudellinen summautuminen), kun ärsykkeen koko on halkaisijaltaan 570 µm tai vähemmän. Näin ollen pupilli kykenee täydelliseen avaruudelliseen summautumiseen verkkokalvon alueella, joka on 9-kertaisesti suurempi kuin tietoisella näöllä. Tuloksemme ovat johdonmukaisia RBP:n syötön kanssa molempiin näköjärjestelmiin, ja kummankin näköjärjestelmän antavan lukeman aivoihin erillisten RGC:iden kautta.The sensitivity of our conscious visual system comes remarkably close to the sensitivity limits imposed by the quantal nature of light. This exquisite sensitivity is made possible by the rod bipolar pathway (RBP), the most sensitive neural circuit studied to date, which allows us to consciously perceive light stimuli producing, in total, fewer than a dozen single-photon absorptions in rod photoreceptors. One of the central features of the RBP is the pooling of signals arising in thousands of rod photoreceptors scattered over the surface of the retina (spatial integration) into individual retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which subsequently encode visual scene as a train of action potentials and transfer these signals to the brain. However, the ultimate limits of sensitivity and the retinal circuitry underlying non-conscious vision at the absolute threshold of visual sensitivity are poorly understood. Here, we utilized the pupillary light reflex (PLR) as a functional readout of the non-conscious visual system to simultaneously measure and compare the threshold sensitivities of the conscious and non-conscious visual systems across different spatial scales in dark-adapted human observers. For this purpose, we designed, built, and calibrated an apparatus capable of producing precisely calibrated stimuli across five orders of magnitude in intensity, and four orders of magnitude in size. We find that the PLR and conscious vision express stimulus size-dependent differences in their threshold sensitivities, where when utilizing stimuli covering the whole visual field the PLR matches the sensitivity of conscious vision, by responding to stimuli producing, fewer than three photon absorptions spread over a pool of ten thousand rod photoreceptors, but when utilizing small stimuli the threshold sensitivity of the PLR falls short by an order of magnitude as compared to conscious visual system. Additionally, we find that the PLR produces a constant response to a constant number of photons (complete spatial summation), for stimulus sizes of up to 570µm in diameter. Thus, the PLR is capable of complete spatial summation over a retinal area 9-fold larger than conscious vision. Our results are consistent with RBP input into both visual systems, with each visual system providing a readout to the brain through separate RGCs
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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