1,721,104 research outputs found
Examining the role of reasoning and working memory in predicting casual game performance across extended gameplay
Full text linkThe variety and availability of casual video games presents an exciting opportunity for applications such as cognitive training. Casual games have been associated with fluid abilities such as working memory (WM) and reasoning, but the importance of these cognitive constructs in predicting performance may change across extended gameplay and vary with game structure. The current investigation examined the relationship between cognitive abilities and casual game performance over time by analyzing first and final session performance over 4-5 weeks of game play. We focused on two groups of subjects who played different types of casual games previously shown to relate to WM and reasoning when played for a single session: 1) puzzle-based games played adaptively across sessions and 2) speeded switching games played non-adaptively across sessions. Reasoning uniquely predicted first session casual game scores for both groups and accounted for much of the relationship with WM. Furthermore, over time, WM became uniquely important for predicting casual game performance for the adaptive games but not for the non-adaptive games. These results extend the burgeoning literature on cognitive abilities involved in video games by elucidating the differential relationships of fluid abilities across game type and extended play. More broadly, the current study illustrates the usefulness of using multiple cognitive measures in predicting performance and provides potential directions for game-based cognitive training research.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Michael Kranz, accepted the attached license on 2016-03-16 at 17:40.The student, Michael Kranz, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-03-16 at 17:56.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-03-17 at 08:22.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9109 on 2016-07-07 at 13:48:36Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T20:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
KRANZ-THESIS-2016.pdf: 2706053 bytes, checksum: a28e337744d3cd62a6122f94e798251e (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4210 bytes, checksum: a276359056f921e7ff5cbe984a2887b4 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-03-17Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93080
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:28:14Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93080
Lift date: 2018-07-07T20:35:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 93080 on 2018-07-08T09:15:30Z
Perceptual organization and selective attention: Age-related effects
No full textThe research dealing with age-related deficits in driving performance has suggested that changes in visual selective attention are related to changes in driving performance with age. The research reported here seeks to complement past research by investigating age-related changes in facets of visual selection attention that have not been thoroughly investigated to date. The thrust of the present research is to determine the extent of age-related differences in the use of aspects of the visual environment to facilitate the processing of task-relevant stimuli; age related differences that are independent of physical changes in the optic system. More specifically, the first study considers age-related differences in the use of color and proximity to facilitate the recall of stimulus sets. The next three studies address whether there are age-related differences in the use of featural information in determining the presence or absence of a target in a multi-element display.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:15:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9512410.pdf: 7538967 bytes, checksum: 4e09e137e2879b3ede984e36c181592b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1994Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:52:20Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:24:05-05:00
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Perceptual similarity of closed contours
No full textA model is presented for characterizing the perceptual similarities of closed contours, utilizing a Fourier analysis on the cumulative angular bend of the curve. The model is tested in four experiments, using both ratings of similarity and accuracy of discrimination. The results indicate that in cases where the underlying Fourier dimensionality is low, the model is quite successful, as indicated by consistently high, significant correlations between the predicted and judged similarities, and by the fit of Fourier components to the dimensions recovered from multidimensional scaling solutions. When the dimensionality in the frequency space is high, the model is also shown to account for measures of perceptual similarity, albeit to a lesser degree. Implications of the work, and suggestions for alternative versions of the model, are discussed.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9305496.pdf: 3301354 bytes, checksum: 9b6516a9ec9f86fe56ff6b1a611d321d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1992Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:46:16Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:20:40-05:00
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Selection from a hierarchical world of uniform connected regions
No full textThe Space and Object-Based Selection (SOBS) model of visual selective attention is presented, which suggests that basic geometric properties of visual stimuli provide the definition and organization of objects, and that these objects are the candidates for attentional selection. The theory suggests that uniform connected (UC) regions, which are contiguous surfaces of relatively homogenous visual characteristics, such as luminosity, texture and color (Palmer & Rock, 1994), provide the organizational primitives for object definition. These primitives can be grouped into higher order objects, based on classic Gestalt principles (Wertheimer, 1923), or decomposed into smaller constituent parts based on parsing operations (Hoffman & Richards, 1984). A perceptual hierarchy is formed, where selection can occur from high level grouped representations, entry level single UC regions, or low level parsed representations. In six studies, subjects were presented with stimuli which resembled common wrenches, and were instructed to search these stimuli for two critical aspects. Results demonstrated that manipulations of basic geometric properties, such as the number of UCs that a wrench was constructed from, or the presence of sharply defined parsing points, could influence the production of perceptual representations, and encourage subjects to process multiple aspects of a single wrench as parts of either the same or of different objects. Additionally, two of the studies demonstrated that attentional priming manipulations could be used to direct attention to various levels within the perceptual hierarchy.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9625213.pdf: 4825186 bytes, checksum: 47c6ae2c0d42bee4c40af0195e82172c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1996Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:47:18Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:21:20-05:00
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Auditory frequency and location processing in an attention-switching paradigm: Evidence of distinct early selection mechanisms
No full text"Four experiments were designed to address a number of questions concerning the mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention as well as the relationship of components of the Event-Related Potential (ERP) to these filtering processes. Specifically, Nataanen's ""attentional trace theory"" postulates that a common sensory memory based mechanism indexed by the Negative difference (Nd) wave is responsible for the stimulus-set filtering of all auditory attributes. An attention-switching paradigm was developed to test a specific prediction of Nataanen's model--that stimulus-set filtering should be impossible for the first relevant stimulus of a sequence before the corresponding information exists in sensory memory. While evidence in support of Nataanen's model was obtained for the filtering of frequency information, a distinct mechanism was implicated for the filtering of location information. The data were also examined for evidence in support of Kubovy's ""indispensable attribute theory"" which posits that subjects should be more likely to aggregate auditory information on the basis of frequency than location information. Contrary to Kubovy's prediction, in all four experiments, any time the data indicated a filtering bias towards a particular dimension, superior processing of location information was obtained."Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:12:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9215884.pdf: 7748089 bytes, checksum: 25b938d0fa362131ed9b483ec93f820d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1992Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:38:11Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:15:52-05:00
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Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionU of I Onl
Differences in brain architecture during long-term recovery following mild traumatic brain injury
Full text linkMild TBI (mTBI) is brain trauma from an external impact with a loss of consciousness less than 30 minutes. mTBI results in several biopsychosocial impairments with pronounced cognitive deficits, thought to resolve within three months of injury. Previous research suggests that these impairments are due to a temporary inability to appropriately allocate neural resources in response to cognitive demands. Our study questioned this assumption and instead hypothesized that mTBI was associated with long-term neural disruptions and compromised brain structure integrity. By extension, we investigated the likelihood that functional restitution and cognitive resolution following mTBI may be due to some form of neurofunctional reorganization. To this end, we examined abnormalities in resting state functional connectivity and structure (volume, thickness, and fractional anisotropy) in two groups of mTBI – those with 1-10 yrs. time-post injury (mTBI1-10), and those with 20-65 yrs. time post-injury (mTBI20-65), relative to age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. We observed abnormalities in brain architecture only in the mTBI1-10 group, characterized by functional hypo-activation in the right frontal pole, smaller frontal pole volume, and lesser fractional anisotropy in the genu of the corpus callosum that extended near the right frontal pole. This frontal region is laterally specialized to regulate function specific to socio-emotional processes. Collectively, neural disruptions and structural insult in mTBI may persist up to 10 years following injury but injury-related pathology may resolve with longer recovery time. Disruption to frontal-dependent function that supports socio-emotional processes may also interfere with cognitive functioning, as in the case of chronic mTBI.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01The student, - Aishwarya, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-13 at 10:13.The student, - Aishwarya, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-04-13 at 10:54.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-04-13 at 11:34.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10736 on 2017-08-10 at 15:05:30Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T20:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
AISHWARYA-THESIS-2017.pdf: 597608 bytes, checksum: 59c4c094365c9450ffd8fa4b54403e68 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 91ccdd9401ee97dcc201ec0efe807add (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2017-04-13Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102750
Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:27:21Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 102750 on 2019-08-11T09:15:28Z
A comparison of process and memory-based theories of automaticity
No full textProcess and memory-based theories of automaticity are contrasted by manipulating the information contained in primary memory. Process-based theories predict that performance will be modulated by the information contained in primary memory, while memory-based theories predict that performance which is automatic will not be dependent of the contents of primary memory. The information contained in primary memory was manipulated by inserting a variable duration interference task between the memory set and the probe stimulus in a Sternberg memory search task. The interference task prevented rehearsal, necessitating the retrieval of the memory set from secondary memory in variably mapped (VM) conditions. Performance in consistently mapped (CM) conditions provided strong support for memory-based theories of automaticity. As performance became more automatic (as indicated by reductions in the effect of memory load), the effect of the interference task was reduced. As predicted by memory-based theories of automaticity, there was a temporal coupling in the reduction of these two effects with CM practice. Performance was modeled, using Monte Carlo simulations, as a race between a computational procedure (i.e., an algorithm) and a single-step direct memory access of past solutions. Manipulations which slowed the algorithm and/or decreased the minimum of the memory distribution resulted in more automatic (i.e., memory-based) performance. Automaticity is viewed as a continuum, reflecting the relative involvement of cognitive operations upon information contained in primary memory. The continuum is bounded by performance which is completely dependent on the information contained in primary memory (i.e., controlled processing) and by performance which is independent of the contents of primary memory.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
8924948.pdf: 3976773 bytes, checksum: 5459c931a1e7d8b8f432991066825295 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1989Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:43:53Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:19:15-05:00
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Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionU of I Onl
The competition effect produced by noise with different similarities to the targets during same-different judgments
No full textThis research studies the role of response competition in the same-different judgments. Eriksen, O'Hara, and Eriksen (1982) interpreted the fast same effect within the framework of the continuous flow model and the response competition concept. They showed that an extraneous noise presented in the display could produce response competition. A noise incompatible to the response produced more interference to both the same and different judgments than the compatible noise or no-noise control condition. In the first two experiments of this research, the compatibility between the target and the noise was further implemented by the similarity between the targets and noise. In the first experiment, bars varying in length were used as the targets and noise. For same judgments, RT increased linearly as the incompatibility increased when the targets were small but not when they were large. In different judgments, the compatibility effect was not significant. This paradigm was further extended to multidimensional stimuli in the second experiment, by varying the stimuli on size and shape. For same judgments, the results of the asymmetric effect of the size of the noise and the targets in the first experiment were replicated. However, the consistent increasing effect by increasing the incompatibility between the noise and the targets was not obtained. For different judgments, the incompatibility effect was found when the targets differed on one dimension but not when they differed on both dimensions. Experiment 3 and 4 showed that the compatibility effect in different judgments was significant for the hard discrimination but not for the easy discrimination. Experiment 5A, 5B, and 6 utilized the variable criterion theory to further analyze the RT distributions and their derived processes. The results provided further evidence to support the explanation of same-different judgments with the continuous flow model and response competition concept.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license.txt: 4922 bytes, checksum: 910b249b4beec47e7ab768910c8f966f (MD5)
9543689.pdf: 4362759 bytes, checksum: b849bfc007d196af9cddab43c573f6c0 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1995Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:47:36Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:21:30-05:00
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Group with Access UIUC Users [automated]
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Reason: ETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissionU of I Onl
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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