1,721,063 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Methodology and clinical evaluation of cerebral oxygenation using MRI
No full textCe travail méthodologique a porté sur la mise en place et l'évaluation d'une technique de cartographie de l'oxygénation cérébrale en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) à 3 T. La technique repose sur la quantification de signaux IRM issus du contraste BOLD (pour « blood level oxygen dependent ») à l'aide d'une approche multiparamétrique (approche mqBOLD pour multiparametric quantitative BOLD) et permet d'obtenir une estimation de la saturation tissulaire en oxygène (StO2). Un premier travail de simulation numérique a porté sur la prise en compte du biais induit par la susceptibilité magnétique de la myéline dans la mesure de StO2. Ce travail a permis de montrer l'influence de l'orientation des fibres de substance blanche par rapport au champ magnétique principal sur la mesure de StO2. La méthode mqBOLD a tout d'abord été appliquée chez l'animal, sur le primate non-humain. L'approche semble suffisamment précise pour observer des différences inter-espèces. Puis, cette approche a été adaptée pour une utilisation en clinique et appliquée à différentes pathologies. Chez des patients souffrant d'un accident vasculaire cérébral à la phase aiguë, nous avons observé une différence spatiale entre les régions pour lesquelles le débit sanguin et la StO2 sont abaissés, différence qui répondrait aux critères définissant la pénombre ischémique. Chez des patients atteints d'une sténose intracrânienne artérielle sévère, nous avons étudié la relation entre la mesure de la vasoréactivité cérébrale avec celle de l'oxygénation. Les résultats montrent une corrélation entre l'altération de la vasoréactivité et celle de l'oxygénation dans le territoire de l'artère cérébrale moyenne. Enfin, nous montrons au travers d'une analyse par cluster que l'étude de l'oxygénation apporte des informations complémentaires aux paramètres de perfusion dans la détermination du grade tumoral. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail démontrent la faisabilité de la cartographie de StO2 par IRM et la complémentarité de cette approche avec les techniques de caractérisation de perfusion tissulaire.This work focuses on the implementation and the evaluation of a technique to map cerebral oxygenation by MRI at 3T. The technique is based on the quantification of MRI signals from the BOLD contrast (for "blood oxygen level dependent") using a multiparametric (mqBOLD multiparametric approach for quantitative BOLD) and provides an estimate of the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). A study based on a numerical simulation focused on taking into account the bias induced by the magnetic susceptibility of myelin in the measurement of StO2. This work demonstrated the influence of the orientation of white matter fibers with respect to the main magnetic field on the measurement of StO2. The mqBOLD method was applied in animals, the non-human primate. The approach seemed accurate enough to observe differences between species. Then, this approach was adapted for clinical practice and applied to different pathologies. In acute stroke patients, we observed a spatial difference between the regions with lowered cerebral blood flow and StO2, a difference that could meet the criteria of the ischemic penumbra. In patients with severe intracranial arterial stenosis, we studied the relationship between an estimate of cerebral vasoreactivity and tissue oxygen saturation. The results showed a correlation between impaired vascular reactivity and the oxygenation in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Finally, we showed, through a cluster analysis, that the study of oxygenation provides additional information to the perfusion parameters and could be useful to determine the tumor grade. The overall results obtained in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of mapping StO2 by MRI and the complementarity of this approach with techniques for characterizing tissue perfusion
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Anatomo-functional study by MRI of working memory in children treated for medulloblastoma
No full textLes enfants traités pour un médulloblastome cérébelleux peuvent présenter des troubles cognitifs, en particulier de la mémoire de travail, qui entravent les apprentissages et la scolarité. Une meilleure compréhension des bases anatomo-fonctionnelles du cervelet et de son engagement dans la mémoire de travail est essentielle pour minimiser les effets secondaires du traitement et améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. Pour cela, une étude multicentrique française a été conduite.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de : (i) mener une étude clinico-radiologique chez les patients en confrontant les résultats des tests neuropsychologiques avec les lésions cérébelleuses macroscopiques identifiées par IRM anatomique; (ii) cartographier par IRMf BOLD l'engagement du cervelet dans la MDT chez les sujets sains ; (iii) cartographier par IRMf BOLD la réorganisation corticale chez les patients lors des mêmes tâches de MDT. Des tâches de n-back ont été utilisées selon un plan factoriel modulant la modalité sensorielle (visuelle ou auditive) et la nature (non-verbale ou verbale) de l'information à mémoriser.L'introduction de cette thèse est une revue exhaustive de la littérature sur les apports des nouvelles méthodes d'IRM dans l'exploration des troubles cognitifs chez les enfants pris en charge pour un médulloblastome cérébelleux.Deux études comparatives cas-témoins multicentriques ont été réalisées chez des sujets droitiers en combinant les données des explorations cliniques, neuropsychologiques et d'imagerie.• La 1ère étude a été conduite sur des IRM 1.5T avec des tâches 1-back. Douze sujets sains et 9 patients ont été inclus mais 4 patients et 4 sujets sains ont secondairement exclus, principalement à cause de mouvements excessifs et de problèmes techniques. Les analyses des IRMf ont donc porté sur 8 sujets sains (4 garçons de 11,11,9 ans) et 5 patients (5 garçons de 11,91,0 ans). • La 2ème étude a été conduite sur des IRM 3T avec des tâches 2-back. Quinze sujets sains et 3 patients ont été inclus mais 6 sujets sains ont été exclus à cause d'une anxiété, une précocité et des problèmes techniques. Les analyses des IRMf ont donc porté sur 9 sujets sains (7 garçons de 11,6±2,2 ans) et 3 patients (1 garçon de 14±0,6 ans).Les résultats montrent :(i) l'existence de troubles de la mémoire de travail visuo-spatiale chez les patients ;(ii) l'existence de lésions macroscopiques du lobe postérieur gauche du cervelet chez les patients ;(iii) l'engagement du lobe postérieur gauche du cervelet lors des tâches de MDT non-verbale et l'engagement du lobe postérieur droit du cervelet lors des tâches de MDT verbale chez les sujets sains ;(iv) l'engagement cérébral (cortex préfrontal, pariétal et temporo-occipital) lors des tâches de MDT chez les patients suggérant l'existence d'une réorganisation corticale.Pour conclure, ce travail souligne l'importance du lobe postérieur gauche du cervelet pour la MDT non-verbale chez les enfants droitiers. Cette information devrait être prise en compte lors de la planification opératoire des enfants opérés pour un médulloblastome cérébelleux.Children treated for cerebellar medulloblastoma may have cognitive impairment, particularly in working memory, perturbing their school performance.A better understanding of anatomo-functional background of the cerebellum and its involvement in working memory are essential to minimize treatment side effects and to improve the patients' quality of life. A French multicenter study was therefore conducted.The objectives of this thesis were: (i) To conduct a clinico-radiological study in the patients by comparing the neuropsychological data with resected cerebellar lesions identified by anatomical MRI; (ii) To map the involvement of the cerebellum in working memory by fMRI BOLD; (iii) To map cortical reorganization of patients at the same working memory tasks by fMRI BOLD. For this, N-back tasks, following a factorial design modulated in sensory modality (visual or auditory) and in nature of information (verbal or nonverbal) to memorize, were used. In the introduction of this thesis, a comprehensive review of the literature on the contributions of new MRI methods is intended to explore the cognitive disorders in children treated for medulloblastoma.Two comparative case-control phases of this study were performed upon right-handed subjects:• The first study was conducted by 1.5T MRI with 1-back tasks. Twelve healthy subjects and 9 patients were included, but 4 patients and 4 healthy subjects were secondarily excluded, mainly because of excessive movement and technical problems. FMRI analysis was therefore focused on 8 healthy subjects (4 males, 11.1 1.9 year olds) and 5 patients (5 boys, 11.91.0 year olds).• The second study was carried out by 3T MRI with 2-back tasks. Fifteen healthy subjects and 3 patients were included, however, 6 healthy subjects were excluded due to anxiety, precocity and technical problems. FMRI analysis was applied in 9 healthy subjects (7 boys, 11.6±2.2 year olds) and 3 patients (1 boy, 14 ± 0.6 year olds).The results demonstrated: (i) the existence of visuo-spatial WM disorders in the patients; (ii) the existence of macroscopic lesions in the left posterior cerebellar lobe in patients; (iii) the involvement of the left posterior cerebellar lobe during nonverbal WM tasks and the involvement of the right posterior cerebellar lobe during verbal WM tasks in healthy subjects; (iv) the cerebral implication (prefrontal cortex, parietal and temporo-occipital) during WM tasks in the patients suggests the cortical reorganization. To conclude, this work highlights the importance of the left posterior cerebellar lobe in non-verbal WM of right-handed children. This information should be taken into account for the planning procedure in children operated for cerebellar medulloblastoma
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Methodology and application of brain perfusion and vasoreactivity imaging using MRI
No full textLe travail méthodologique mis en place durant cette thèse a consisté en l'optimisation des acquisitions et des traitements de données pour l'imagerie quantitative de la perfusion cérébrale et de la vasoréactivité en ASL. Dans un premier temps, une méthode originale pour mesurer la largeur du bolus des spins marqués appelée BoTuS (Bolus Turbo Sampling) a été mise en place et validée afin d'améliorer la quantification de la perfusion cérébrale basale en ASL. Les acquisitions en ASL pulsé ont été comparé aux mesures de perfusion en premier passage gadolinium et en premier passage de produit de contraste iodé en scanner X sur des patients atteints de tumeurs cérébrales. Dans un second temps, afin d'améliorer la qualité des cartes de vasoréactivité en ASL, des analyses des variations physiologiques des sujets ont été implémenté afin d'être utilisé comme modèle dans l'analyse statistique des données. Enfin, ces méthodes optimisées au niveau de l'acquisition et de la chaîne traitement ont été appliquées sur des populations de sujets sains et de patients afin de les valider. Les applications cliniques ont été menées sur des patients porteurs de la maladie d'Alzheimer où l'on a montré une baisse de la vasoréactivité par rapport aux témoins âgés. La perfusion cérébrale et la vasoréactivité de sujets atteints de sténoses a été étudié. Enfin, une étude avant et après acclimatation à l'altitude a montré qu'un séjour de 7 jours à 4365 m augmente le débit sanguin cérébral et diminue la vasoréactivité cérébrale.The methodological aspects implemented during this Ph.D. thesis consisted of the optimization of the acquisitions and data processing of ASL imaging for quantitative assessment of cerebral perfusion and vasoreactivity. First of all, an original technique called BoTuS (Bolus Turbo Sampling) was implemented and validated,with the aim to render the quantification of the pulsed ASL signal more robust. Cerebral blood flow measurements obtained using pulsed ASL were compared to gold standard techniques such as the first passage of gadolinium MRI and CT-scan perfusion in a population of patients with treated brain tumors. Secondly, a new processing technique was tested, taking into account the physiological state of the subject during the exam to model the ASL signal during the vasoreactivity paradigm, and thus to provide more reliable maps at the subject level. Finally, these methods were applied in various studies on healthy subjects and patients. A decrease in vasoreactivity was found in Alzheimer disease patients compared to elderly subjects. Studies on patients with severe stenosis were conducted to test our methods at the subject level. An increase in CBF and a decrease in vasoreactivity in subjects exposed to high altitude at 4365 m during 7 days was demonstrated and correlated to transcranial Doppler results
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