1,720,953 research outputs found
Contemporary applications of the interdisciplinary waste management research: Case studies of algal biodiversity in the WSP and energy footprint of municipal wastes
No full textThis paper describes two interdisciplinary waste management case studies coordinated by the University of Southampton. The first case study addresses the issue of algal species composition in wastewater treatment facilities situated in Kazakhstan. Algal populations in four experimental waste stabilisation ponds fed at surface loading rates from 50-300 kg BOD ha-1 day-1 were monitored for seven months, including a period between late November and mid March when the ponds were frozen. Cell counts and species identification were performed five times a week and biomass concentration was estimated weekly. During winter only very small numbers of algae were observed in samples taken from below the ice. Once the ice melted there was a rapid increase in algal numbers linked with rising water temperature. It was also apparent that cell numbers increased at a faster rate in the pond with the lightest winter load. During the whole period of operation the algal population was dominated by a small number of species, with 80% of the cell count attributable to no more than 3 species in each pond, but there were considerable differences between ponds. When considered as biomass rather than cell numbers, single species dominance was even more apparent apart from in one pond where diversity increased significantly. In line with other studies, there is an indication that higher loadings result in lower diversity. With the current set of results, it was difficult to interpret changes in the population structure as a function of loading or any other analytical determinant. However, there is an indication that the system appears to be dominated by small species in the initial warm up period, maturing to greater species diversity, and larger species, by mid summer.The second case study describes a project set up to understand, quantify and model energy usage associated with the collection, separation, processing and disposal of Municipal Solid Wastes. It illustrates the energy footprint analysis using data on the paper/card fraction within household waste. The mass and energy balances for the different processes/stages involved with dealing with the waste stream in Southampton are simulated using a specially designed model. The model starts from the point where the material becomes ‘waste’ and follows it through until disposal and/or processing. It accounts for recycling via bring-sites (both recycling banks and Household Waste Recycling Centres) and also via kerbside collection schemes, and disposal via landfill and thermal recovery of heat. Critically, the model not only takes into account the energy consumed during processing/disposal but also transport energy consumption. The results show that the major source of energy savings from paper/card recycling is from increased use of the recycled material in paper/card manufacture, due to the decrease in energy required to produce paper from this material. There is an ~5% reduction at a maximum recycling rate of ~52%, compared to the present-day rate (18.1%,) with recycling through the PaperChain? scheme (only collects newspaper/magazines/leaflets).The savings increase to ~9% (at ~87% recycling rate) if a city-wide dry recyclables scheme is introduced to replace the PaperChain scheme. This increase is largely due to the fact that more sub-categories of paper/card are collected by the dry recyclables scheme.In terms of energy consumption, incineration without recycling would be the preferred waste management option. However, the calorific value of the residual waste stream is not significantly affected by removal of paper/card through increased recycling. Thus, a combination of recycling and incineration of the residual waste would also be an option
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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