1,720,963 research outputs found
Collaborative and Adaptive Mobile Device-resident Service Architectures
No full textMobile devices, such as smartphones and personal media players, have recently significantly increased in popularity thanks to the rich set of mobile cloud services that they allow users to access. Networked vehicular computing devices are also expected to be commonplace in the near future, as they will enable a wide range of driver assistance services. The ubiquitous penetration of mobile services, however, has been thwarted by their poor user experience; access to mobile cloud services typically occurs over slow and costly long-range cellular communications.
This thesis focuses on improving the user experience of mobile services by reducing the need for costly long-range cellular communications. To achieve this, the thesis proposes to host more service functionality on mobile devices themselves. In this way, mobile devices are often able to serve requests either locally or by contacting neighbor devices over short-range communications. Two novel mobile service architectures are proposed for the two different types of mobile services: traditional non-geo-locality services and emerging geo-locality services.
A service is termed to have the geo-locality property when its data are both generated (sensed or input) and consumed locally, i.e., within a specific geographic region. In other words, for services that have the geo-locality property, only mobile devices within a specific geographic region R can generate the necessary service data and only devices within the very same region R are interested in consuming it. For non-geo-locality services, the data is generated either by cloud servers or by users regardless of their location. Data generation and/or consumption are also typically a function of the users' personal interests and not of their geographic location.
For traditional non-geo-locality services, this thesis proposes the Pocket Cloudlets architecture. The Pocket Cloudlets architecture is a mobile device-resident caching scheme that serves cloud service requests locally on the device, when possible, significantly reducing the need for slow and costly long-range communications. The Pocket Cloudlets architecture leverages both personal user and collaboratively-generated community access patterns to selectively replicate parts of the cloud service locally on the mobile device. Pocket Cloudlets are also adaptively updated by detecting emerging popular service data items and prefetching them on the mobile device. Our analysis shows that the proposed Pocket Cloudlets architecture can effectively augment several traditional cloud services, like mobile web search. PocketSearch, our prototyped mobile search pocket cloudlet, reduces the average service access time by a factor of 2.7× and the required communication bandwidth by 66%.
For emerging geo-locality services, the thesis presents the Region-Resident Services (RegReS) middleware. RegReS allows a rich set of emerging geo-locality services to be fully supported on confederations of mobile devices. Mobile devices collaborate to provide a geo-locality service within a specified region and over a specified service lifetime by utilizing only short-range ad-hoc communications. In this way, RegReS completely eliminates the need for long-range cellular communications. Although mobile devices are becoming increasingly powerful, their resources are constrained and should be used judiciously. RegReS enables the efficient provision of geo-locality services by allowing services to specify their target service carrier density. Only as many service carriers as specified are subsequently maintained by RegReS. As opposed to previously proposed static schemes, RegReS employs a fully distributed, collaborative and adaptive estimation scheme to track the existing service carrier density and make decisions about the spawning of new carriers, when necessary. Thanks to collaboration and adaptation, RegReS can maintain the desired density with only 16% mean absolute error across a wide range of configurations.
To demonstrate the potential of collaborative mobile device-based computing platforms that are enabled by middleware like RegReS, the thesis presents a rich set of novel services that such platforms can enable. More specifically, the thesis focuses on the type of services that are typically most challenging and resource-intensive (e.g., CPU), camera-based services. We introduce five such services and prototype SignalGuru, a camera-based traffic signal schedule advisory service. SignalGuru leverages opportunistic sensing and collaboration across windshield-mounted smartphones and their cameras to provide drivers with information about the schedule of traffic signals ahead. Results from two deployments of SignalGuru, using iPhones in cars in Cambridge (MA, USA) and Singapore, show that traffic signal schedule can be predicted with very good accuracy. On average, SignalGuru comes within 0.66s, for pre-timed traffic signals and within 2.45s, for traffic-adaptive traffic signals. Feeding SignalGuru's predicted traffic schedule to our Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) application, our vehicle fuel consumption measurements show savings of 20.3%, on average. SignalGuru information can also be fed into several other envisioned applications to further improve fuel efficiency, vehicle flow, travel time and road safety. The example of SignalGuru illustrates that with collaboration and adaptation, mobile device-based computing platforms can support a rich set of challenging services without the help of cloud servers and the associated long-range communications.
Overall, this thesis advocates and demonstrates that, with collaboration and adaptation, mobile devices can effectively support a rich set of services and thus reduce the need for slow and costly long-range cellular communications to cloud servers. Several traditional cloud services that operate on very large amounts of data can be selectively and adaptively hosted on mobile devices. Furthermore, novel mobile services that may seem prohibitively resource-intensive and challenging can be enabled and hosted on confederations of collaborating mobile devices. In this way, the mobile user experience can be greatly improved and a significant amount of the increasingly scarce long-range communication bandwidth can be saved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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