1,720,953 research outputs found
Dissecting Class A Scavenger Receptor Mediated Cell Adhesion and Lipoprotein Internalization
Get PDFMacrophage Class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) are trimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that can bind a variety of ligands including modified lipoproteins and bacterial products. Through its ability to internalize these ligands, SR-A is thought to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as host defense and atherosclerosis. In vitro, SR-A also mediates cell adhesion to modified extracellular matrix proteins. However, the physiological role of SR-A mediated cell adhesion is unknown. The goal of this project was to dissect SR-A mediated cell adhesion and ligand internalization through structure-function studies and to develop a mutant of SR-A that specifically lacks the adhesive properties. It appeared that SR-A mediated adhesion and ligand internalization depend on the same extracellular domain. Therefore, I investigated the role of cytoplasmic domains for SR-A mediated adhesion. Different cytoplasmic mutated SR-A constructs were stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells. I found that a mutated SR-A deficient in all but the six amino acids proximal to the membrane of the cytoplasmic tail (SR-AΔ1-49) was able to mediate cell adhesion, but not receptor internalization. Substitution of the SR-A cytoplasmic tail with that of the transferrin receptor resulted in retention of this chimeric receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum demonstrating that the SR-A membrane proximal amino acids are also critical for transport of the receptor from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. In summary, my results demonstrate that SR-A-mediated adhesion and internalization require distinct cytoplasmic domains and I developed a mutant SR-A (SR-AΔ1-49) that specifically meditates cell adhesion. This mutant will make it possible to specifically address the physiological role of SR-A mediated adhesion.Die Trennung der Adhäsionseigenschaften von den Internalisationseigenschaften des Scavenger Rezeptors der Klasse A Die Makrophagen Scavenger-Rezeptoren der Klasse A (SR-A) sind trimere integrale Transmembranproteine, die eine Vielfalt von Liganden (z.B. modifizierte Lipoproteine und bakterielle Produkte) binden. Durch Internalisation dieser Liganden spielt SR-A eine wichtige Rolle in verschiedenen physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Vorgängen, unter anderem im Abwehrsystem und bei der Pathogenese der Arteriosklerose. In vitro kann SR-A auch die Adhäsion von Makrophagen zu modifizierten extrazellulären Matrixproteinen regulieren, die physiologische Bedeutung dieser Adhäsionseigenschaften ist allerdings noch unklar. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Adhäsionseigenschaften von den Internalisationeigenschaften des Rezeptors zu trennen und einen mutierten SR-A zu entwickeln, dem die Adhäsionseingenschaften fehlen. Da Zelladhäsion und Internalisation von Liganden anscheinend von einer identischen extrazellulären Region des Rezeptors reguliert werden, habe ich die zytoplasmatische Region des Rezeptors erforscht. Veschiedene mutierte SR-A Konstrukte wurden in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) Zellen exprimiert. Mit diesem Ansatz konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein mutierter SR-A (SR-AΔ1-49) mit einer verkürzten zytoplasmatischen Region von nur sechs Aminosäuren Zelladhäsion regulieren kann, aber nicht in der Lage ist, die Internalisation des Rezeptors zu regulieren. Studien mit einem chimären Rezeptor, in den der zytoplasmatische Teil von SR-A durch den des Transferrin Rezeptors ersetzt wurde, haben gezeigt, dass diese zytoplasmatische SR-A Region auch für den Transport vom Endoplasmatischen Reticulum zum Golgi Apparat nötig ist. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Zelladhäsion und Internalisation von unterschiedlichen zytoplasmatischen Regionen reguliert werden. Es wurde ein mutierter SR-A entwickelt, der spezifisch die Zelladhäsion reguliert und anhand dieses Rezeptors kann die physiologische Bedeutung der Adhäsionseigenschaften untersucht werden
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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