1,720,968 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Identifying antifungal resistance mechanisms and modes of action using SAturated Transposon Analysis in Yeast (SATAY)
No full textFungal pathogens are a serious burden for public health and global food security. This problem is exacerbated by the rapid emergence of resistance to our limited armamentarium of antifungal compounds. The future control of fungal diseases therefore depends on the discovery of antifungals with novel modes of action and the development of robust resistance management strategies. These strategies require a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing antifungal resistance, yet our knowledge is incomplete.
Recently, a powerful transposon sequencing method was developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, called SAturated Transposon Analysis in Yeast (SATAY). SATAY couples saturated transposon mutagenesis to next-generation sequencing, allowing the genome-wide identification of growth-affecting loci in a straightforward and time-efficient manner. Importantly, SATAY can identify loss- and gain-of-function mutations conferring antifungal resistance, as well as the direct targets of antifungal compounds.
This thesis applies SATAY to uncover novel antifungal resistance mechanisms and to examine the modes of action of nine antifungal compounds. These screens reveal antifungal drug targets, transporters responsible for drug uptake or efflux, as well as metabolic, signalling and trafficking pathways affecting antifungal susceptibility. The most novel and interesting findings in these screens are characterised further. This includes the discovery of Hol1 as the transporter that concentrates the potent antifungal ATI-2307 within yeast, a finding that unveils a straightforward evolutionary path to ATI-2307 resistance with minimal fitness cost. SATAY is also performed in drug-sensitive strains to examine antifungals that lack activity against conventional laboratory strains. This approach is utilised to test a previously proposed model for the mode of action of Fludioxonil, and identifies cell wall mannosylphosphate as the target for the natural antifungal Chitosan. Together, this thesis improves our understanding of several antifungal modes of action and unveils a diverse array of resistance mechanisms, supporting efforts to address the increasing threats posed by multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Key challenges and recommendations for defining organelle membrane contact sites
No full textIntracellular membrane contact sites (MCSs) between organelles have crucial roles in cellular signalling and homeostasis. These sites, which are often disrupted in pathological conditions, enable the exchange of ions, lipids and metabolites between membrane-bound compartments, helping cells adapt to varying physiological conditions. Specific tether proteins and complexes stabilize these interactions and mediate responses to different intracellular or extracellular stimuli. The study of MCSs has progressed in recent years, owing to the development of new methods such as genetically encoded reporter constructs, advanced imaging techniques, including super-resolution microscopy and electron tomography, and proteomic approaches based on mass spectrometry. These tools have enabled unprecedented visualization and quantification of organelle interactions, as well as identification of the molecular players involved. This Expert Recommendation aims to define and map the ‘organelle contactome’, describing key proteins involved in contact site formation and the roles of MCSs in cellular function. We also explore contact site dynamics and detail advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies for studying them. Importantly, we consolidate open questions in contact site research and discuss challenges and limitations of the current experimental approaches
Circadian liver gene expression : hepatocyte clock dependent and independent oscillations
No full textDes oscillateurs circadiens capables de générer des rythmes d'environ 24 heures sont présents au coeur de chaque cellule et contrôlent de nombreux aspects de la physiologie en régulant une partie du transcriptome. Ces oscillateurs restent synchronisés grâce au travail d'un oscillateur "chef d'orchestre" dans l'hypothalamus. Nous avons généré des souris trangéniques dans lesquelles les oscillateurs du foie peuvent être inactivés à volonté. Dans ces souris nous avons observé qu'en effet, la plus grande partie du transcriptome circadien est sous le contrôle des oscillateurs cellulaires locaux. Seule une petite partie du transcriptome continue d'osciller en l'absence d'horloge locale, probablement en réponse à des signaux systémiques circadiens. Etonnament, parmi ces transcrits contôlés par des signaux systémiques se trouve mPer2, qui est également un rouage essentiel de l'oscillateur local. Ceci suggère une voie par laquelle des signaux systémiques contrôlent les oscillateurs locaux et les gardent en synchronie
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