1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Ultraschallbasierte Messung der Myokardfunktion bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Aortenklappenstenose – vor und nach Klappenersatzoperation
Full text linkBackground and Objectives In Europe and North America, aortic stenosis has become the most frequent valvular heart disease and the most frequent cardiovascular disease after hypertension and coronary artery disease. Modern echocardiography is the most important non-invasive tool to detect and quantify the severity of aortic stenosis. However, regional myocardial function has rarely been described so far. Right after aortic valve replacement afterload decreases but left ventricular hypertrophy remains. The influence of left ventricular geometry on myocardial function as well as the impact of remodeling after valve replacement are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to explore regional systolic and diastolic function of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic valve stenosis using doppler velocity and deformation indices as well as conventional echocardiography parameters und their changes early and later after aortic valve replacement, in order to discuss the usefulness of this method to describe adaptive myocardial function and build the base to find new clinical ways of treatment. Methods 33 patients with severe AS were examined before, as well as one week and six months after aortic valve replacement. Beside a standard echocardiogram tissue Doppler data were acquired from an apical four-, three- and two-chamber view using a Vivid 7 scanner (GE Vingmed, Norway) in TVI mode. Data were digitally stored and post-processed off-line using Echo Pac PC software (GE Vingmed, Horten, Norway) and Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Massachusetts, USA)– based research software (TVA, JU Voigt, Leuven, Belgium). Segmental systolic and diastolic velocity and deformation parameters were measured and compared to conventional echocardiographic parameters and left ventricular geometry. The measurements were compared to 17 healthy volunteers. Results Despite normal global left ventricular function, myocardial Doppler based indices of regional systolic and diastolic function were impaired. Furthermore we detected regional differences and variable regional changes after valve replacement. Compared to healthy subjects we found lower longitudinal shortening and shortening rates. After valve replacement systolic strain rate improved immediately. Systolic strain didn’t change right after operation but increased after six month in concordance with the reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy. Medial and basal segments were more impaired than apical ones. In addition, also diastolic function improved after aortic valve replacement. Conclusions In contrast to conventional echocardiographic parameters which are traditionally used to evaluate overall function of the heart, Doppler myocardial indices detect subtle regional changes earlier and are able to describe function changes after valve replacement. Despite normal ejection fraction, regional deformation of the hypertrophic left ventricle was impaired. Left ventricular remodeling resulted in inhomogeneous changes in regional systolic and diastolic myocardial function. We hypothesize, that the ability of Doppler myocardial imaging to detect subtle changes in regional function could improve diagnosis and follow up of patients with aortic stenosis.Hintergrund und Ziele Die Aortenklappenstenose ist inzwischen die häufigste Herzklappenerkrankung in Europa und Nord Amerika ist zudem nach der arteriellen Hypertonie und der koronaren Herzkrankheit die häufigste Erkrankung des kardiovaskulären Systems. Die moderne Echokardiographie ist die wichtigste nichtinvasive Methode eine Aortenklappenstenose zu detektieren und zu quantifizieren. Die regionale Funktion wurde dabei nur wenig beschrieben. Nach Aortenklappenersatz sinkt unmittelbar die Nachlast, jedoch bleibt die vorhandene Hypertrophie zunächst bestehen. Das Verhältnis von linksventrikulärer Geometrie und Herzfunktion sowie die Auswirkungen des Remodellings unmittelbar nach Aortenklappenersatz sind wenig erforscht. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die regionale systolische und diastolische Funktion bei Patienten mit linksventrikulärer Hypertrophie mit Hilfe von Gewebedoppler und Verformungsanalysen herauszuarbeiten und deren Änderungen nach Aortenklappenersatz zu beschreiben, um Rückschlüsse auf myokardiale Anpassungsvorgänge zu ziehen und so eine Basis für eine bessere prognostische Beurteilung von Patienten mit Aortenklappenstenose zu finden. Bestenfalls können neue Parameter gefunden werden die es ermöglichen, gefährdete Patienten ohne wegweisende Symptomatik zu detektieren. Material und Methoden Wir untersuchten 33 Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Aortenklappenstenose vor, sowie eine Woche und sechs Monate nach Aortenklappenersatz. Neben der echokardiographischen Standarduntersuchung zeichneten wir Gewebedopplerdaten des apikalen Vier-, Drei- und Zweikammerblicks auf. Hierfür verwendeten wir ein Vivid 7 Ultraschallgerät (GE Vingmed Ultrasound, Horten, Norwegen) im TVI Modus. Die aufgenommenen Datensätze wurden digital gespeichert und anschließend off-line mit Hilfe der Software EchoPac PC (GE Vingmed, Norwegen) und dem Matlab (Mathworks Inc., Massachusetts, USA)– basierten Kurvenanalyse-Programm TVA (JU Voigt, Leuven, Belgien) analysiert. Die so gewonnenen regionalen systolischen und diastolischen Geschwindigkeits- und Verformungswerte wurden zu den echokardiographischen Parametern und zur linksventrikulären Geometrie in Beziehung gesetzt. Siebzehn ältere Probanden und Studenten bildeten eine gesunde Vergleichsgruppe. Ergebnisse und Beobachtungen Trotz guter linksventrikulärer Globalfunktion konnten wir mittels Gewebedoppler Echokardiographie bei den Patienten mit Aortenklappenstenose systolische und diastolische Funktionseinbußen nachweisen. Zudem zeigten sich regionale Unterschiede der Myokardfunktion. Auch im Verlauf nach Klappenersatzoperation beobachteten wir regionale Änderungen unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes. So war bei den Patienten präoperativ sowohl die systolische Verkürzung als auch die Verkürzungsrate signifikant niedriger als bei den Probanden. Im Verlauf verbesserte sich sofort nach dem AKE die systolische Verkürzungsrate. Das regionale Verkürzungsvermögen verbesserte sich jedoch erst nach sechs Monaten signifikant zusammen mit der Reduktion der hypertrophischen Veränderungen. Die medialen und basalen Segmente waren hierbei stärker beeinträchtigt als die apikalen. Auch die diastolische Funktion verbesserte sich nach dem Aortenklappenersatz. Praktische Schlussfolgerungen Im Gegensatz zu konventionellen globalen echokardiographischen Funktionsparametern vermögen regionale Analysen mittels Gewebedoppler- Echokardiographie bereits früher Veränderungen in der Myokardfunktion aufzuzeigen und scheinen auch im Verlauf den globalen Parametern überlegen zu sein. Trotz normaler Ejektionsfraktion war die regionale Verformung des hypertrophen linken Ventrikels bereits vermindert. Die veränderte Herzgeometrie beeinflusst dabei die regionale systolische und diastolische Myokardfunktion in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß. Die Fähigkeit Gewebedoppler-basierter Verformungsmessungen, subtile Veränderungen der regionalen Myokardfunktion zu detektieren, könnte in Zukunft zur Verbesserung der Diagnostik und Prognoseabschätzung bei Patienten mit Aortenklappenstenose eingesetzt werden
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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