1,720,965 research outputs found
Data associated with the publication: Dendritic cell activation by iron oxide nanoparticles depends on the extracellular environment
No full textThis dataset contains all raw data associated with the study elucidating the mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs) when they were exposed to hydroxyethyl starch-coated bionized nanoferrite IONPs (BP) in vitro and in vivo. We observed no evidence of toxicity at doses up to 25 mg Fe/mouse, five-fold higher than those used in subsequent in vivo experiments. Although DCs cultured with BP revealed high levels of nanoparticle uptake, neither JAWSII dendritic cells nor bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) showed significant changes in marker expression. To assess whether BP interactions in vivo produced different effects, we analyzed CD80, CD86, and MHC II expression of DCs recovered from the livers, spleens, bone marrows, and lymph nodes of mice injected once with BP (5 mg Fe). Interestingly, only DCs in spleens and bone marrows responded to BP exposure. DCs recovered from other tissues and organs showed no evidence of increased activation. These findings highlight complex effects with systemic exposure to nanoparticles, and their potential to mediate specific and selective activation of innate immune cells, which depends on the tissue site and features of the extracellular environment. Our study also emphasize that results obtained from in vitro experiments must be interpreted with caution as they may not faithfully represent responses in living systems
Data associated with the publication: Nanoparticle retention enables non-invasive detection of metastases by magnetic particle imaging
No full textBackground: Early detection of metastatic disease improves cancer survival, yet existing modalities are limited in their detection capabilities. We propose that magnetic particle imaging (MPI), an emerging technology, can be used for early detection of primary tumors and metastases. MPI detects minute quantities of magnetic particles that act as “cold tracers” which accumulate in areas of high immune
activity.
Methods: Pegylated Synomag® nanoparticles were intravenously injected into mouse models of breast cancer bearing primary tumors that spontaneously arise lung metastases. After 72hrs, mice were subjected to three-dimensional MPI followed by structural imaging for co-registration. Non-tumor bearing mice served as controls for background signal correction and toxicity analysis. Animals were then sacrificed to collect tumors and organs of interest for two-dimensional MPI scans before fixing them for histopathological evaluation by hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Prussian blue, and immunohistochemistry staining. To further substantiate our findings towards clinical translation, tumor phantoms with nanoparticles were evaluated in a newly-built human scale MPI.
Results: Pegylated Synomag® nanoparticles showed strong signal in both in vitro and in vivo models. Multiple macro and micro metastatic sites were identified by MPI and later confirmed by histology. Ex vivo quantitative analysis showed MPI can detect metastasis with high specificity and sensitivity, with positive correlations between tumor burden and macrophage population in the tumor microenvironment. Towards clinical translation, we also demonstrate nanoparticle detection in tumor phantoms using a human-scale MPI.
Conclusion: MPI using Pegylated Synomag® nanoparticles can successfully detect primary tumors and micrometastases away from large organs of reticuloendothelial system. Nanoparticles were found in the tumor microenvironment, which is associated with stromal and immune cells, with an especially strong correlation with macrophages. This provides evidence to use MPI for noninvasive detection of highly inflammatory tumors and metastasis, as well as exploring their potential for other inflammatory diseases.</p
Data associated with the publication: Iron oxide nanoparticles inhibit tumor progression and suppress lung metastases in mouse models of breast cancer
No full textSystemic exposure to starch-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can stimulate antitumor T cell responses, even when little IONP is retained within the tumor. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models of metastatic breast cancer that IONPs can alter the host immune landscape leading to systemic immune-mediated disease suppression. We report that a single intravenous injection of IONPs can inhibit primary tumor growth, suppress metastases, and extend survival. Gene expression analysis revealed activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways involving signaling via Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF), a TLR pathway adaptor protein. Requisite participation of TRIF in suppressing tumor progression was demonstrated with histopathologic evidence of upregulated IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a downstream protein, and confirmed in a TRIF knockout syngeneic mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Neither starch-coated polystyrene nanoparticles lacking iron, nor iron-containing dextran-coated parenteral iron replacement agent, induced significant antitumor effects suggesting a dependence on the type of IONP formulation. Analysis of multiple independent clinical databases support a hypothesis that upregulation of TLR3 and IRF3 correlates with increased overall survival among breast cancer patients. Taken together, these data support a compelling rationale to re-examine IONP formulations as harboring anti-cancer immune (nano)adjuvant properties to generate therapeutic benefit without requiring uptake by cancer cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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