1,720,952 research outputs found
Novel strategies for biobased feedstock utilization: Efficiency, optimization and production of a platform chemical
No full textDue to evident environmental, economical and political reasons, it is becoming inevitable to shift society’s dependence away from fossil towards renewable, bio-based resources. However, for efficient implementation of biobased resources, cost effectiveness is key. In this thesis, different possibilities were investigated that may contribute to the economical and technical feasibility of employing (lignocellulosic) biomass as feedstock for chemicals production. In Chapter 2, P. putida S12 was engineered to utilize the C1 compounds methanol and formaldehyde as auxiliary substrates in addition to the primary carbon source glucose. Cultivating this engineered strain in glucose limited chemostat cultures with either methanol, or its oxydation product formaldehyde, revealed a remarkably increased biomass yield on glucose (from 35 % without auxiliary substrate up to 91 % when 60 % of total carbon originated from the auxiliary substrate). The utilization of cheap and renewable biomass derived methanol would render the process completely biobased and could improve the costeffectiveness of the bioproduction process. In Chapter 3, C. basilensis HMF14 was isolated from enrichment cultures on 5- hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), which exerted a substrate profile that is well-suited for lignocellulosic hydrolysate detoxification. This bacterium does not utilize sugars, but metabolizes many of the toxic compounds present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, amongst which are furfural and HMF. C. basilensis HMF14 was able to decrease inhibitors to below inhibitory concentrations within 25 h of cultivation. All genes involved in HMF and furfural degradation by C. basilensis HMF14 were identified by means of transposon mutagenesis and high throughput screening (Chapter 4). With the identification of these genes and the characterization of the encoded proteins, a metabolic pathway for HMF and furfural was reconstructed. Furthermore, the genetic background of furfural and HMF enabled the prediction of other furanic aldehyde degrading bacteria. Transfer of the genes involved in furfural and HMF degradation to P. putida S12 enabled furanic aldehyde utilization in this strain. For the production of the promising platform chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), the HMF / furfural oxidoreductase (HmfH) enzyme from the newly identified furfural and HMF metabolic pathway was employed. As described in Chapter 5, HmfH was implemented in a whole cell biotransformation process using P. putida S12 as production host. A whole-cell system was used, in view of to the synergistic effect of the endogenous aldehyde dehydrogenases for HMF conversion to the FDCA intermediate HMF acid, as well as the protective effect of the cell on HmfH activity against the reactive aldehyde substrate. Fed batch cultures yielded 30.8 g·l-1 FDCA from HMF with a yield of 97 %. This product was purified by means of acid precipitation and tetrahydrofuran extraction, revealing a FDCA purity of 99.5 % at 76 % recovery. The work laid down in this thesis describes possibilities to deal with technical barriers associated with production of biochemicals from biobased resources. As illustrated, genetic engineering techniques may be successfully employed to improve feedstock utilization and production of biochemicals. In the future, this work may contribute to a more efficient and,therefore, cost-effective use of biobased resources, facilitating the shift towards a sustainable biobased economy.BiotechnologyApplied Science
Triumfatorkerk, Kanaleneiland Utrecht: De conversie van een protestantse kerk naar een multifunctioneel islamitisch cultureel centrum
No full textStudie naar een architectonische interventie in een in onbruik geraakt protestants kerkgebouw in Kanaleneiland?Zuid, Utrecht. RMITArchitectural Engineering and TechnologyArchitecture and The Built Environmen
De Kazemat: Een nieuwe Tijd
No full textThe purpose of this study is to develop a design for a site with a 200-year-old obsolete bunker. A proposition should be made for how to develop this building and the corresponding abandoned area with high ecological value.Architecture and The Built EnvironmentStudio Bélvèder
LEIDEN HUMANITIES Campus & Boutique Residences: 72 | 50 Beyond the Boundaries
No full textThis graduation report is a summary of the architectural analysis, design interpretation and reflections of the Dutch Structuralism Movement. By using Leiden Humanity Faculty designed by Joop van Stigt (1976) as a case study, the researches were conducted through various perspectives which range from architectural/urban design strategies, techniques, and limitations. Those studies were aimed to provide an essences transformation frameworks and intervention strategies for the future alteration of this university campus. The relationship between research and design will be illustrated through both significant tangible and intangible perspectives. In fact, a further elaboration on the intangible aspects analysis is very crucial for this graduation studio. Since the structuralism movement was originated by the humanity ambitions, critical assessments on the design philosophies will gradually lead to a set of logical approaches which influence the intervention decisions and offering guidance to all aspects of the adaptive reuse scheme. The synthesis of the collective information will be a key to the appropriate framework of structuralism architectures protection. In addition to the architectural adaptive reuse, this redevelopment project is also aimed to be a prototype for the later development of the study procedure at Leiden University. Throughout the four centuries, this university has mainly relied on the text-based research methodologies. Literature and written document investigations have been introduced as the preliminary devices of the study here. This method has always been a reliable information for some specific field of researches. In contrast, this authentic methodological approach may not be fully applicable in the fast-changing society in the current situations, especially in the art and cultural studies. Taking these thoughts into consideration, the new approaches to the study procedure at Leiden University will be set as another ambition of this graduation project. Also included are the critique and reflection on the original Van Stigt’s Humanities Faculty buildings and Dutch Structuralism Movement on various scales. While preserving the cultural values of this architectural movement, this graduation project was also aimed to challenge preconceptions about heritage architecture adaptive reuse. One of the most appropriate schemes was selected and elaborated in details as shown in the chapter-"Strategies & Design Proposals" of this graduation report.Redevelopmet of Leiden Witte Singel DoelencomplexArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Heritage & Architectur
Open conversation: Textile factory-museum renovation project in Winterswijk
No full textThe textile industry has been in Winterswijk since the 18th century. It is part of the city's cultural legacy. Due to the decline of industry and the expansion and development of city center, the old industrial area, which is now located near the city center, is no longer suitable in the perspective of urban planning. The textile culture slowly starts to fade. Within the context of the industrial area in Winterswijk, while it is searching for a new position in the society, it’s lack of open space for public, disordered site leads to vacancy and lack of activity. Located in the middle of the dwelling area, enclosed, self-defend appearance, make citizens difficult to utilize this area.open conversationArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Heritage & Architectur
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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