1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
EVALUATION DE LA DESCRIPTION DES NUAGES DANS LES MODÈLES DE CLIMAT À PARTIR DES OBSERVATIONS SATELLITALES DE L'A-TRAIN
Get PDFClimate models have progressed a lot in the representation of clouds. Nevertheless the cloud response and the cloud feedback remain very different from one model to another, and they still constitute a major limitation to the reliability of climate change projections due to anthropogenic forcing. It is therefore imperative to improve the representation of cloud processes in models. The evaluation of clouds description requires accurate observations. Until recently, observations of several fundamental aspects of the cloudiness as the three-dimensional distribution of the cloud cover existed only very roughly and has been largely indirect, based on passive remote sensing satellites (e.g. CERES, ERBE, ScaRab, ISCCP) which measure the TOA radiative fluxes. The A-train observations constitute exceptional tools to characterize the cloud properties. The goal of this thesis is to use the A-train observations to better assess the cloud description simulated by GCMs. We use the radiometer CERES to estimate the radiative effect of clouds, the radiometers MODIS and PARASOL that measure reflectance values which are analysed as a proxy of the clouds optical thickness, and the lidar CALIPSO that provides accurate information on the vertical distribution of clouds. The data are colocalised and analysed statistically and they constitute a unique opportunity to constrain simultaneously the radiative properties of clouds with their three-dimensional distribution. The LMDZ model is evaluated and a new version of the model under development, where new parameterisations of the block boundary layer/convection/clouds is also tested. The method for comparing the model's outputs with the observations uses on the one hand the COSP simulator (CFMIP Observation Simulator Package) which includes SCOPS, the lidar simulator and PARASOL simulator and on the other hand the CFMIP-OBS observational dataset, built to be compatible with the simulators. The analysis is done in classifying clouds in function of the circulation regime in the tropics, and according to geographical areas. A new method has been developed to analyse observations: those are examined statistically at high resolution (both in space and time), instead of monthly and seasonal means usually used, to focus on a scale as close as possible to the cloud processes one. This analysis has allowed constraining the parameterisations developed to represent the clouds and revealing the biases in the two versions of LMDZ. Errors' compensations were identified (i) on the cloud vertical distribution: the high cloud cover is overestimated whereas low and mid level clouds are significantly underestimated, (ii) between the cloud cover and the optical depth: overall the global cloud cover is underestimated but the clouds that form have a too high optical depth which results in a correct simulation of the TOA fluxes by the model.Les modèles climatiques ont beaucoup progressé pour représenter les nuages. Pourtant la réponse et la rétroaction nuageuse demeure très différente d'un modèle à l'autre, et reste la principale source d'incertitude pour la sensibilité climatique prédite par les modèles de climat, et limite la fiabilité sur les projections du changement climatique dû au forçage anthropique. Il est donc crucial d'améliorer la représentation des processus nuageux dans les modèles climatiques. L'évaluation des nuages nécessite des observations précises. Jusqu'à récemment, des observations de plusieurs aspects fondamentaux des nuages comme la distribution tridimensionnelle des nuages existaient uniquement très grossièrement et obtenus de manière très indirecte par les satellites de télédétection passive (i.e. CERES, ERBE, ScaRab, ISCCP) qui mesurent les flux radiatifs au sommet de l'atmosphère. Les observations A-Train constituent des outils exceptionnels pour caractériser les propriétés nuageuses. L'objet de cette thèse est de tirer profit des observations de l'A-train afin d'évaluer la description des nuages simulée par les modèles climatiques. Nous utilisons le radiomètre CERES pour estimer l'effet radiatif des nuages, les radiomètres PARASOL et MODIS qui mesurent la réflectance, analysée ici comme un proxy de l'épaisseur optique des nuages et le lidar CALIPSO qui fournit des informations précises sur la distribution verticale des nuages. Les données co-localisées et analysées statistiquement constituent une occasion exceptionnelle de contraindre simultanément les propriétés radiatives des nuages et leur distribution tridimensionnelle. Le modèle du climat évalué est le LMDZ ainsi qu'une nouvelle version du modèle en cours de développement, où des nouvelles paramétrisations du bloc couche-limite/convection/nuages est testée. La méthode de comparaison des sorties des modèles climatiques aux grandeurs observées utilise d'une part le simulateur COSP (CFMIP Observation Simulator Package) qui comprend SCOPS, le simulateur lidar et le simulateur PARASOL et d'autre part les jeux des données (CFMIP-OBS) construits pour être compatibles avec les simulateurs. Nous étudions les propriétés nuageuses dans les tropiques par régime de circulation, et en classant les nuages par régions. Une nouvelle méthode a été développée : les observations sont analysées à haute résolution (spatiale et temporelle) au lieu des moyennes mensuelles et saisonnières utilisées habituellement afin de se placer à une échelle aussi proche que possible de celle des processus nuageux. Cette analyse a permis de contraindre les paramétrisations développées pour représenter les nuages et révéler des biais dans les deux versions du LMDZ. Des compensations d'erreurs ont été identifiées (i) sur la distribution verticale des nuages : la couverture nuageuse des nuages hauts et surestimée alors que les nuages bas et moyens sont significativement sous-estimés, (ii) entre la couverture nuageuse et l'épaisseur optique : la couverture nuageuse totale est sous-estimée mais les nuages qui se forment ont une épaisseur optique très élevée ce qui aboutit à une simulation correcte des flux au sommet de l'atmosphère par le modèle
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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