179 research outputs found
Kimmo Hakola\u27s Diamond Street and Loco: A Performance Guide
No full textKimmo Hakola (b.1958) has emerged in the past two decades as one of Finland’s leading contemporary composers. His numerous clarinet and bass clarinet works include a clarinet concerto, five chamber works with various instrumentations, a work for solo clarinet, a work for solo bass clarinet, and a work for solo clarinet and pedal bass drum (the clarinetist performs both the clarinet and bass drum parts). While this relatively large output featuring the clarinet family may be a result of Hakola’s personal interests, it may also be the result of a friendship with virtuoso clarinetist Kari Kriikku (b. 1960). This document will be a study of two unaccompanied clarinet works of Hakola with the goal of understanding the compositional language and extended techniques used in his works. This research will help others understand the techniques used in these compositions and why the works of Hakola are valuable additions to the clarinet repertoire.
As has been the case so frequently throughout clarinet history, works are composed for a particular performer, or with a particular performer in mind. The most prominent examples include Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1750-1791) and Anton Stadler (1753-1812), Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826) and Heinrich Baermann (1784-1847) and Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) and Richard Mühlfeld (1856-1907). In other instances, a composer is simply inspired enough by a singular performance of one musician that he or she is inspired to compose prominently for that instrument or voice from that point forward. Understanding the relationship between Hakola and Kriikku (to whom Hakola dedicated his Clarinet Concerto) will provide insights into Hakola’s writing style for the instrument, including the use of various extended techniques. The works composed by Kimmo Hakola to be included in the performance guide are Diamond Street for
solo clarinet and loco1 for clarinet and pedal bass drum (performed by one player). Only the extended techniques present in these works are to be examined in the performance guide.
My investigation will rely first on the scores to these works and the instructions for the extended techniques that are present therein. Second, personal interviews as well as email communications with composer Kimmo Hakola, clarinetist Kari Kriikku, Finnish clarinetist Harri Mäki (Professor of clarinet at the Sibelius academy as of this writing) and Finnish clarinetist and author Mikko Raasakka (contemporary Finnish music specialist and author of Exploring the Clarinet: A Guide to Clarinet Technique and Finnish Clarinet Music) will provide key, new information. Commercially available recordings of the works, especially those recorded by the performer who commissioned or premiered the work, will be consulted in order to analyze the audible representations of Hakola’s notation. Also included in the research scope will be texts and recorded performances which feature or explain these techniques in works by other composers, including works by Alban Berg and Magnus Lindberg.
The primary outcome of this research will be a performance guide for these works which focuses on the extended techniques used within loco and Diamond Street. These two works are products of a collaboration between Kriikku and Hakola, This collaboration demonstrates the brilliant skill of Kriikku as a performer and illustrates Hakola’ multi-ethnic, multi-style aesthetic. Though not the primary focus of the document, past Finnish composers and their compositions and compositional style for the clarinet will be studied to form a point of reference. This document will provide crucial material for the interpretation of Hakola’s works that can also be used by performers and educators when considering extended techniques in other clarinet works.
It will also bring the clarinet and bass clarinet repertoire of Kimmo Hakola to a more prominent and deserved place amongst twentieth and twenty-first century works for these instruments
CMOS current amplifiers : speed versus nonlinearity
No full textThis work deals with analogue integrated circuit design using various types of current-mode amplifiers. These circuits are analysed and realised using modern CMOS integration technologies. The dynamic nonlinearities of these circuits are discussed in detail as in the literature only linear nonidealities and static nonlinearities are conventionally considered.
For the most important open-loop current-mode amplifier, the second-generation current-conveyor (CCII), a macromodel is derived that, unlike other reported macromodels, can accurately predict the common-mode behaviour in differential applications. Similarly, this model is used to describe the nonidealities of several other current-mode amplifiers because similar circuit structures are common in such amplifiers. With modern low-voltage CMOS-technologies, the current-mode operational amplifier and the high-gain current-conveyor (CCII∞) perform better than open-loop current-amplifiers. Similarly, unlike with conventional voltage-mode operational amplifiers, the large-signal settling behaviour of these two amplifier types does not degrade as CMOS-processes are scaled down.
In this work, two 1 MHz 3rd -order low-pass continuous-time filters are realised with a 1.2 μm CMOS-process. These filters use a differential CCII∞ with linearised, dynamically biased output stages resulting in performance superior to most OTA-C filter realisations reported. Similarly, two logarithmic amplifier chips are designed and fabricated. The first circuit, implemented with a 1.2 μm BiCMOS-process, uses again a CCII∞. This circuit uses a pn-junction as a logarithmic feedback element. With a CCII∞ the constant gain-bandwidth product, typical of voltage-mode operational amplifiers, is avoided resulting in a constant 1 MHz bandwidth with a 60 dB signal amplitude range. The second current-mode logarithmic amplifier, based on piece-wise linear approximation of the logarithmic function by a cascade of limiting current amplifier stages, is realised in a standard 1.2 μm CMOS-process. The limiting level in these current amplifiers is less sensitive to process variation than in limiting voltage amplifiers resulting in exceptionally low temperature dependency of the logarithmic output signal. Additionally, along with this logarithmic amplifier a new current peak detectoris developed.reviewe
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as the Basis of the Finnish Constitution
No full textIn the article, the author describes the history of the formation of constitutional legislation in Finland and, in particular, notes the key events and participants in the process of constitutionalism in the country. The author describes the Finnish arrangement for monitoring that the adopted laws comply with the Finnish constitution and its provisions of fundamental rights as well as the human rights obligations of Finland. Of particular importance in the article is the description of the development of the institution of fundamental human rights and freedoms, their form of consolidation in the legislation, as well as the shrinking role of customary law. The author emphasizes the important role of the provisions of the Constitution not only in guaranteeing the realization of rights and freedoms, but also in providing guidance for the subsequent development of legislative regulation on various fields of law, including the rights and duties relating to providing of a healthy environment.Peer reviewe
Käyttäjätutkimus lisätystä todellisuudesta mobiililaitteessa
No full textTämän opinnäytetyön aiheena on käyttäjätutkimus lisätystä todellisuudesta mobiililaitteessa. Lisätty todellisuus tarkoittaa kaikessa yksinkertaisuudessaan virtuaalitodellisuuden lisäämistä todelliseen maailmaan. Työssä käsitellään lisättyä todellisuutta ja sen mahdollisuuksia. Kannettavat mobiililaitteet ovat mahdollistaneet useiden lisätyn todellisuuden sovelluksien tulon tavallisten ihmisten saataville, jokapäiväiseen elämään. Lisätty todellisuus on vielä tuore ja monille vieras käsite. Opinnäytetyössä pyritään tuomaan lisätyn todellisuuden ja sen tarjoamat mahdollisuudet esille helposti ymmärrettävässä muodossa.
Opinnäytetyössä kuvaillaan kahta vuonna 2009 toteutettua lisättyyn todellisuuteen liittyvää tutkimusta. Työn aihe on saanut alkunsa näiden tutkimusten pohjalta. Syksyllä 2009 yhtenä Flexible Services –ohjelman osa-alueena tehty UDOI-tutkimus (User Driven Open Innovation) käsitteli suunnitteilla ollutta lisätyn todellisuuden tuotetta älypuhelimessa. Tutkimus oli kaksiosainen ja se toteutettiin Suomenlinnassa. Työssä kerrotaan tutkimuksen toteutuksesta ja tuloksista.
UDOI-tutkimuksen lisäksi opinnäytetyössä kuvataan Laurean opiskelijoiden toteuttamaa kilpailija-analyysia, joka tehtiin UDOI-tutkimuksessa olleelle tuotteelle. Kilpailija-analyysissa tutkittiin Layar-sovellusta Applen iPhonella sekä HTC:n Hero puhelimilla. Layar on yksi suosituimmista lisätyn todellisuuden sovelluksista. Työssä tuodaan esille kilpailija-analyysin toteutuksen ja tulokset.
Lopuksi työssä kerrotaan UDOI-tutkimuksessa olleen tuotteen nykytilanteesta, sekä omia ideoita lisätyn todellisuuden tulevaisuuteen. UDOI-tutkimuksessa olleen tuotteen tämän hetkisestä tilanteesta on haastateltu kahta tuotekehityksestä vastannutta henkilöä. Lisäksi opinnäytetyötä varten on haastateltu Ylen tutkija Tuija Aaltoa. Omia ideoita on kehitetty opinnäytetyössä käsiteltyjen tutkimusten ja kerätyn tiedon pohjalta.User Study of Augmented Reality in Mobile Device
Topic of this Bacherlor’s thesis work is augmented reality in mobile device. It is based on User Study, what students of Laurea made at fall of 2009.
Simply speaking augmented reality is a virtual reality that gets added to the real world. In this work augmented reality and its possibilities are processed and explained. Portable mobile devices have made it possible to bring many augmented reality applications to the use of normal people in everyday life. Augmented reality is still a new and an odd concept for many. This work brings augmented reality and its possibilities for people to understand in simple ways.
This thesis work is based on two pieces of research that were made of augmented reality in 2009. The research that was done at fall of 2009 was UDOI (User Driven Open Innovation) research that was a part of Flexible Services program. It deals with an augmented reality program in an android phone what was still in development. The research was divided into two parts and it was carried out in Suomenlinna. This thesis work explores the results of that research.
Besides the above-mentioned UDOI research in this thesis work, there is also a competitive analysis made by students of Laurea UAS that was made for a product that was in an UDOI project. In the competitor analysis, a program called layer for Apple Iphone and HTC Desire phones was in use. Layer is the most popular program for augmented reality. This thesis offers an explanation of competitor analysis and what is important in it as well as the results of competitor analysis.
In the end of this thesis work there is information about the current situation of product that was explored at the UDOI-research as well as the writers’ own ideas of future of augmented reality. Two persons who were in leading roles of product development in the UDOI research have been interviewed for this thesis work. The thesis also includes an interview of Tuija Aalto, a researcher at Yle. The writers’ own ideas have been improved on the basis of research and the collected information in this thesis work
CMOS Current Amplifiers Speed versus Nonlinearity
No full textCMOS Current Amplifiers: Speed versus Nonlinearity is intended as a current-amplifier cookbook containing an extensive review of different current amplifier topologies realisable with modern CMOS integration technologies. The seldom-discussed issue of high-frequency distortion performance is derived for all reviewed amplifier topologies using as simple and intuitive mathematical methods as possible. The topologies discussed are also useful as building blocks for high-performance voltage-mode amplifiers. So the reader can apply the discussed techniques to both voltage- and current-mode analogue integrated circuit design. This book contains application examples with experimental results in three different fields: instrumentation amplifiers, continuous-time analogue filters and logarithmic amplifier
- …
