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Variation for root and shoot growth among wheat cultivars and the effects of barley yellow dwarf virus on growth
No full textStudies were conducted on eight soft red winter wheat cultivars to evaluate differences in root growth, to evaluate the effects of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) on root and shoot growth, and to study the effects of a plant growth regulator on root growth of healthy and BYDV infected plants. Cultivars evaluated were Caldwell, Cardinal, Clark, Howell, IL 87-2834, Tyler, and Pioneer\sp\circler brands 2548 and 2555. Studies on root growth were conducted in the greenhouse in an aeroponic mist box. Differences in root growth were found for root dry weight, root length, numbers of seminal and adventitious roots, and root to shoot ratio. Infection with BYDV caused noticeable symptoms in the roots prior to the shoots. Root length and root to shoot ratios were decreased by infection, but number of adventitious roots was often increased by infection. A plant growth regulator, PGR-IV, had little measurable effect on root growth of BYDV infected plants, but it increased root dry weight, number of lateral roots, and lateral root length in healthy plants. Effects of the virus on yield and growth rate were determined in the field in drill-planted plots. Plots were inoculated in the fall when seedlings were in the two leaf stage. BYDV-induced grain yield reductions of 21% to 36% were measured. Most yield loss resulted from a reduction in kernels per head. None of the cultivars tested exhibited a high level of tolerance to the virus and the highest yielding cultivars were often the ones that exhibited the highest grain yield reductions. Even so, highest yielding cultivars under control conditions were usually the highest yielding under BYDV-inoculated conditions. Growth rate throughout the season was measured by fitting the Richards function to dry weight data collected on a weekly basis. The reduced biomass production under inoculated conditions resulted from reduced relative growth rates rather than from a shortened period of growth. Relative growth rate was not related to a cultivars tolerance based on grain yield reduction, but relative growth rate in the early part of the season was positively related to grain yield per se under BYDV infection.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:20:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1996Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:53:35Z
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Control of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in oat and wheat and identification of a RAPD marker associated with BYDV tolerance in oat
No full textPopulations of F\sb2 and F\sb3 plants from intraspecific spring oat (Avena sativa L.) crosses were grown in the greenhouse using a modified single-seed descent method with 100 plants per 15 cm pot. Subpopulations were inoculated with the BYDV-PAV-IL strain (1) in the F\sb2 generations only, and (2) in the F\sb2 and F\sb3 generations, using viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). These subpopulations were compared to uninoculated subpopulations. Inoculation did not increase the frequency of BYDV tolerant genotypes in the four crosses studied.The transmission characteristics of wingless (nymphs and apterous adults) viruliferous R. padi after access to oat treated with different rates of imidacloprid, a seed-treatment insecticide, were compared. After access to treated plants, aphid fecundity was reduced, aphids walked and fed atypically, and often abandoned the host plant. Aphids transmitted the virus to both treated and untreated plants, but the percentage of infected insecticide-treated seedlings was half that of untreated seedlings.The control of barley yellow dwarf using imidacloprid at three rates (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g a.i. Kg\sp{-1}) was studied in two oat and four soft red winter wheat cultivars in six-row plots. All insecticide treatments decreased the percentage of infected plants. Compared to untreated plots, yields were increased 112% and 35% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, in treated plots of a moderately susceptible oat cultivar inoculated with viruliferous aphids carrying BYDV-PAV-IL. In insecticide-treated plots of a tolerant oat cultivar, yields increased 23% and 21% in 1992 and 1993, respectively, compared to untreated plots. Yield increases of up to 21% were observed in treated plots of a susceptible wheat cultivar inoculated with viruliferous aphids carrying BYDV-PAV-IL. For all wheat cultivars, yield was negatively correlated with the percent disease incidence, and positively correlated with test weight and the calculated number of seeds tiller\sp{-1}. Test weight was negatively correlated with kernel weight.A RAPD marker associated with a gene for BYDV tolerance was identified in neat-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in BYDV tolerance. The NILs were derived by backcrossing with the sensitive cultivar Clintland 64 as recurrent parent to tolerant parents Ogle, IL 86-5698, IL 86-6404, and IL 86-1156 as donor parents. A polymorphic band is present in the donor parents and most BYDV tolerant NILs, but absent in the recurrent parent. The marker is associated with a gene for BYDV tolerance in NILs of IL 86-5698 x Clintland 64 and of IL 86-1156 x Clintland 64. The marker is not associated with BYDV tolerance in the two groups of NILs derived from backcross involving Ogle x Clintland 64 and IL 86-6404 x Clintland 64.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:40:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1995Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T14:57:51Z
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Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evaluation of an inoculation method and quantitative trait loci for fusarium head blight resistance in wheat
No full textFusarium head blight (FHB), which is principally caused in the U.S. by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telemorph: Gibberella zeae Schw. (Petch)], is a devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Horderum vulgare L.). Losses inflicted by this disease are the result of reductions in grain yield and test weight, as well as the contamination of grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). In the first study, the objective was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to FHB traits in the resistant line IL97-1828. Resistance to FHB in IL97-1828 is independent of the well characterized and widely used Asian sources. A population consisting of 242 wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs), developed from a cross between IL97-1828 and the FHB susceptible line Clark, were evaluated for FHB resistance in the field at Urbana, IL in 2009 and 2010, and at Wooster, OH in 2010. The population had broad continuous distributions for all measured disease parameters (incidence, severity, FHB index, Fusarium damage kernels (FDK) percentage, DON concentration, and ISK index, which is a disease index that incorporates disease incidence, severity, and % FDK. Significantly less disease incidence was observed in 2009 than at both locations in 2010, and significantly lower FDK percentage was observed in Ohio compared to Urbana in 2010. Correlations among environments for disease measurements, while significant, were moderate to moderately weak (0.20< r <0.54). Within an environment, disease measurements were also significantly correlated in all cases. QTL for resistance to FHB were identified on seven linkage groups that mapped to six different chromosomes. In all cases, QTL were minor explaining between 2.9% and 8.7% of the phenotypic variance. No QTL were consistently identified across all three environments, and three of the detected QTL were only identified in a single environment for a single trait. A region on chromosome 1B was the only region identified for Type I resistance. A QTL detected on chromosome 2B was significant for severity, FHB index, FDK percentage, and ISK index, and explained 8.7% of the phenotypic variance for the mean of ISK index averaged over environments. The region on 2B was also identified for reduction in DON concentration in both years in Urbana, IL. A QTL on the long arm of chromosome 3B was identified for severity, FHB index, FDK percentage, and ISK index, explaining the most phenotypic variance for ISK index at Urbana in 2009 (R2=7.72%). Previous reports have identified QTL for FHB resistance in similar genomic regions as those identified in this study. The results of this study indicate several regions contributing small effects are important for resistance to FHB in IL97-1828.
In the second study, two different inoculation methods for the evaluation of FHB resistance were compared. In one method, the spray and bag method, a bag was placed over wheat heads for 24 h that had been inoculated using a conidia suspension. The second method, a grain spawn method, was used in which F. graminearum infested maize kernels were disseminated, and irrigation was used to provide favorable disease conditions. The latter is a widely used and accepted method, which served as the standard with which the spray and bag method was compared. Plots for the spray and bag method were evaluated for incidence, severity, and FHB index at a single location in Illinois in 2008, and at two locations (Urbana and Brownstown) in Illinois in 2010. Plots inoculated with grain spawn were evaluated at a single location for both years for disease incidence, severity, FHB index, FDK percentage, and ISK index. A subset of plots in 2010 were inoculated using only a conidia spray to evaluate the effect on FHB measurements of placing a bag over inoculated heads. Spearman correlation coefficients in 2008 for entry means were significant (0.0018 < P < 0.0001) between the two methods in all cases with coefficients ranging from 0.41(incidence) to 0.83 (severity). In 2010, correlations were not as strong and ranged between 0.22 (incidence) and 0.54 (FHB index) for the two location mean of the spray and bag method and the grain spawn method. Incidence was extremely high in 2010, especially in Brownstown (97.6%), possibly contributing to the weaker correlations between methods. High disease pressure can potentially overwhelm resistance, making all lines appear susceptible regardless of resistance level. Plots spray-inoculated without a bag correlated poorly with the grain spawn method, possibly due to disease escape. Bagging of inoculated heads appears ideal in order to provide high relative humidity for disease development, similar to irrigation in the grain spawn method. Decreasing the inoculum concentration and possibly the duration of bagging would potentially better separate breeding lines for FHB symptoms, especially incidence. Additionally, it could possibly improve correlations between methods. The results from this study indicate the spray and bag method could be used to screen advanced wheat breeding lines for FHB resistance.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2010-12-03T21:43:06Z
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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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