1,721,016 research outputs found
Public-Private Partnership and Genetically Engineered Eggplant: Adoption,Economic Feasibility, and Impact on Varietal Diversity in India
No full textThe public-private partnership involved in the development of genetically engineered eggplant (Bt eggplant) in India is a good example for analyzing the economic impact of the partnership for different stake holders: producers, consumers, and innovators, and this book share that motivation. This book focuses on factors influencing expected adoption of two different forms of the technology- Bt hybrid and Bt open pollinated varieties (OPV), the welfare benefits of introducing Bt eggplant in the context of the public-private partnership, and the impact of introduction of Bt eggplant on varietal diversity. The main findings are: hybrid growers of eggplant have higher probability to adopt Bt hybrid; providing Bt OPVs on preferential terms to resource- limited farmers would not be detrimental to the innovator?s interest, and introduction of Bt OPVs by public sector might reduce the speed at which landraces are getting replaced by Bt hybrids in India, which is one of the centers of origin of eggplant. However, the success of the partnership would largely depend on the seed premium of Bt hybrid charged by the innovator, and the performance of Bt technology.https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/econ_book/1007/thumbnail.jp
The Relationship between Conservation and Precision Agriculture Adoption on South Dakota Farms: Results and Preliminary Analysis from 2016 Producer Survey
Get PDFWho Adopts What Kind of Technologies? The Case of Bt Eggplant in India
Get PDFThe public-private partnership involved in the development of Bt eggplant in India is unique in the context of developing countries, where poor farmers’ access to technology is limited. The key questions arising in this context are: Who adopts what kind of technology? What are the factors influencing their decisions? We answer these questions using data from a farm-level survey conducted in Maharashtra, India. Our results indicate that factors influencing hybrid adoption exert similar effects on the expected adoption of Bt hybrid eggplant and opposite effects on the decision to adopt Bt open-pollinated varieties (OPV). Even though some farmers who decided to grow Bt hybrid eggplant might switch to Bt OPVs when available, most of the early adopters of Bt hybrid would continue to grow Bt hybrid eggplant. Thus, our study gives initial empirical evidence on the economic feasibility of the public-private partnership in the research and development of Bt eggplant in India
The Economic Effects of Geographical Indications on Developing Countries: A Review and Identification of Research Needs
No full textPolicy makers in both developed and developing countries have identified Geographical Indications (GIs) as a potential mechanism to assist primarily the agriculture sector in developing countries by reducing supply competition for traditional products while raising/standardizing the quality of those products. The perception seems to be that benefits will flow primarily to smallholders in local communities, but the correctness of that assumption, which is to say the projection of the distribution of benefits from the use of GIs, has to date not been analyzed empirically. Studies investigating the economic impact of well functioning GIs from developed countries are limited. Most of the very few studies available on the impact of GIs for developing countries are semi-analytical in nature or are the works of legal scholars. In this chapter we survey the available literature on GIs and related geographical origin systems with particular emphasis on international markets. Findings from this study will provide better insights for policy makers in developing countries while negotiating with developed country counterparts at international settings, and also while implementing Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property System (TRIPs) mandated GI protection. Further, such a review will help us to identify the issues that need to be addressed in future studies
Genetically Engineered Crops and its Effects on Varietal Diversity: A Case of Bt Eggplant in India
No full textBuilding on the evidence from the impact of hybrid technology on varietal diversity loss, this paper explores ex ante the possible effects of introduction of Bt eggplant on on-farm varietal diversity of eggplant. The public–private partnership involved in the development and introduction of Bt eggplant provides a great opportunity to develop locally-adapted Bt open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) instead of having a limited number of generic hybrid varieties. The study shows that introduction of multiple Bt OPVs by public institutions will reduce the rate of replacement of OPVs by hybrids and thus help in conserving varietal diversity. However, the cost of developing multiple Bt OPVs is high; hence policy makers need to look at alternative measures to maintain the varietal diversity of crops such as eggplant in its centers of diversity
Does Plant Variety Protection Contribute to Crop Productivity? Lessons for Developing Countries from US Wheat Breeding
No full textThe application of intellectual property rights (IP) in developing countries is and remains highly controversial, particularly as regards applications to food/agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, which have direct ramifications for large numbers of peoples. One dimension complicating a reasoned dialogue on the public benefits of IP, particularly when many developing countries are implementing the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) as mandated by membership in the World Trade Organization, is a dearth of information on their actual operation and effects. In this study, we address one particular aspect of the limited documentation on the effects of IP systems, the effect of plant variety protection (PVP) on the genetic productivity potential of varieties. Specifically, we examine wheat varieties in Washington State, United States, which are produced by both public and private sector breeders. Results from the study show that implementation of PVP attracted private investment in open pollinated crops such as wheat in the United States and provided greater numbers of varieties of these crops, which are high yielding from both the public and private sectors. These results may provide some insights for policy makers from developing countries on the effects of IP for plants as their TRIPS commitments are being implemented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
But Are They Meritorious? Productivity Gains under Plant IPR
Get PDFDespite that recentness of intellectual property rights protection of plants in the US , documenting the productive merit of varieties associated with IPR protection has been elusive. This paper using varietal trial data of soft white winter wheat from Washington State found supporting evidence to the hypothesis that Plant Variety Protection has contributed to the genetic improvement of soft white winter wheat in Washington State
Adoption of Genetically Modified Eggplant in India: An Ex Ante Analysis
Get PDFThis paper uses a bivariate probit model to predict the probability of adoption of genetically modified eggplant (Bt eggplant) in India. According to the study farm and contextual characteristics influence the expected adoption of Bt technology. Models that predict acreage under Bt technology, given the decision to adopt are also estimated
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