204,123 research outputs found
Kojima-1Lb is a mildly cold Neptune around the brightest microlensing host star
No full textWe report the analysis of additional multiband photometry and spectroscopy and new adaptive optics (AO) imaging of the nearby planetary microlensing event TCP J05074264+2447555 (Kojima-1), which was discovered toward the Galactic anticenter in 2017 (Nucita et al.). We confirm the planetary nature of the light-curve anomaly around the peak while finding no additional planetary feature in this event. We also confirm the presence of apparent blending flux and the absence of significant parallax signal reported in the literature. The AO image reveals no contaminating sources, making it most likely that the blending flux comes from the lens star. The measured multiband lens flux, combined with a constraint from the microlensing model, allows us to narrow down the previously unresolved mass and distance of the lens system. We find that the primary lens is a dwarf on the K/M boundary (0.581 +- 0.033 MO) located at 505 +- 47 pc, and the companion (Kojima-1Lb) is a Neptune-mass planet (20.0 +- 2.0 MO) with a semimajor axis of 1.08+0.62-0.18 au. This orbit is a few times smaller than those of typical microlensing planets and is comparable to the snow-line location at young ages. We calculate that the a priori detection probability of Kojima-1Lb is only ~35%, which may imply that Neptunes are common around the snow line, as recently suggested by the transit and radial velocity techniques. The host star is the brightest among the microlensing planetary systems (Ks = 13.7), offering a great opportunity to spectroscopically characterize this system, even with current facilities.</p
Belonogaster schulthessi KOJIMA 2001
No full textBelonogaster schulthessi KOJIMA 2001 Belonogaster schulthessi n.sp.: KOJIMA 2001: 14 (descr. Ƌ ♀, Madagascar), 15 (figs 36-47), 19 (key). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Andekaleka (Rogez). Endemic.Published as part of J. M & Madl, M., 2009, A Catalogue of the Vespidae of the Malagasy Subregion (Insecta, Hymenoptera), pp. 1871-1935 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2) on page 1900, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.528023
Lyapunov stability analysis of higher-order 2D systems
No full textWe prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic stability of a 2D system described by a system of higher-order linear partial difference equations. We show that asymptotic stability is equivalent to the existence of a vector Lyapunov functional satisfying certain positivity conditions together with its divergence along the system trajectories. We use the behavioral framework and the calculus of quadratic difference forms based on four-variable polynomial algebra
Parapolybia crocea Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov.
No full textParapolybia crocea Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 4, 53 –64, 84, 87) Parapolybia indica: Yamane et al. 1995: 75 (syn.: P. takasagona Sonan, 1944), 77; Kurzenko 1995: 282 (key); Yamane et al. 1999: 452. Parapolybia indica indica: van der Vecht 1966: 26 (key), 27, fig. 11 a, part. Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. indica, but distinguished from the latter by the following characters: female paired longitudinal yellow band on mesoscutum and paired yellow spots on T 2 distinct; male genital volsella apically rounded. Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀, JAPAN: Shimonomiya, Daigo, Ibaraki, 15.ix.2014, 36° 49 ' 15 ''N, 140 ° 23 '07''E, 190 m, F. S.-Morooka [IUNH]. PARATYPES. JAPAN: Ibaraki: 2 ♀ [IUNH], Mito, 24.vii. 2008, S. Nohara; 4 ♀ 2 ♂ [IUNH], Daigo, 24–27.viii. 2010, J. Kojima; 2 ♂ [IUNH], Diago, 15.ix. 2014, F. S.-Morooka; 3 ♀ [IUNH] Shimonomiya, Daigo, 36 ° 49 ' 15 ''N 140 ° 23 '07.5''E, 190 m, 30.vii. 2014, J. Kojima; 1 ♂ [NIAES], Kouyadai, Tsukuba, 15–26.ix. 1993, T. Matsumura; Tokyo: 14 ♂ [NIAES], Mt. Takao, J. Minamikawa, [6 ♂, 9.ix. 1963; 1 ♂, 15.ix. 1963; 6 ♂, 22.ix. 1963; 1 ♂, 29.ix. 1963]; Chiba: 2 ♀ [NIAES], Godaibata, Kimitsu, M. Nitta et al. [1 ♀, 2– 9.vii. 1997; 1 ♀, 25.vi.– 2.vii. 1997]; Yamanashi: 2 ♂ [NIAES], Shiotu, 14.ix. 1964. KOREA: Seoul: 20 ♀ (IUNH), 37 ° 28 'N, 126 ° 57 'E, Seoul National Univ., 12.viii. 2010, J. Kojima, [10 ♀, Nest#Pp-K- 2010 - 2; 10 ♀, Nest#Pp-K- 2010 - 3]. CHINA: Guangdong (=Kwangtung): 1 ♀ (BPBM), N. Kwangtung, Loh-Chang Dist., 11.ix. 1947, J.L. Gressitt. VIETNAM: Vinh Phuc: 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (IUNH), Tam Dao, 900–1200 m, 30.vii– 3.viii. 2012, D.T. Tran. Other material. JAPAN: Akita: 3 ♀ (IUNH), Yuse SA, Kazuno, 40 °07' 33 ''N 140 ° 50 '06''E, ca. 275m, 6.ix. 2014, J. Kojima; 10 ♀ (IUNH), Kosaka PA, Kosaka, 40 ° 20 ' 40 ''N 140 ° 43 ' 53 ''E, ca. 260 m, 5.x. 2014, J. Kojima; Iwate: 3 ♀ (IUNH), Kinshuko SA, Nishiwaga, 39 ° 17 ' 56 ''N 140 ° 50 ' 35 ''E, ca. 310 m, 5.ix. 2014, J. Kojima; Fukushima: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Ishikawa-machi, 37 °08' 26.90 ''N 140 ° 27 ' 39.46 ''E, ca. 400 m, 14.viii– 25.xi. 2013, Bait Traps, F. S.- Morooka; Saitama: 1 ♀ (IUNH), Kumagaya, 36 °06'N; 139 ° 22 'E, 50 m, 9–17.viii. 2012, Bait Traps, F.S.-Morooka; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Nourin park, Fukaya, 36 °06'N; 139 ° 17 'E, 90 m, F. S.-Morooka; Tokyo: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Mitake, 23.vi. 1962, K. Kondo; 2 ♂, Mt. Takao, 27.viii. 1966, M. Suwa; Toyama: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Ooiwa, Toyama, 27.vii. 1983, S. Takagi; Gifu: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Dachi, Tokishi, 8.x– 8.xii. 2007, Malaise Trap, S. Tsukamoto; Shizuoka: 3 ♀ 4 ♂ (SEHU), Shizuoka, Hirano, T. Hattori, (3 ♀ 3 ♂, 18.ix.1977, 1 ♂, 14.ix. 1977); Wakayama: 1 ♂ (SEHU), Kozagawa, Wakayama-shi, 21.ix. 1974, T. Kumata; 2 ♀ 1 ♂ (SEHU), Kiiohshima, Kushimoto-cho, E. Ikeda [2 ♀, 29.iv.1991, 1 ♂, 6.ix. 1990]; 1 ♀ (IUNH), Megurogawa, Wakayama, 24.vii. 2000, J. Kojima; Kochi: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kochi-shi, 16.ix. 1934, K. Oike; Nagasaki: 2 ♀ (IUNH), Mine, Tsushima, 34 ° 27 ' 41 ''N 129 ° 18 ' 42 ''E, 26.vii. 2014, J. Kojima; Fukuoka: 3 ♀ (SEHU), [2 ♀, Hisayama, Fukuoka, 2.vii. 1992, E. Ikeda; Kyoto: 1 ♀, Daimonjiyma, Sakyo, Kyoto[-shi], 28.vii. 1992]; Kumamoto: 1 ♂ (SEHU), Neko-Dake, Takamori-cho, 12.ix. 2006, S. Imamura; 1 ♀, Otogase, chouyou-son, 30.iv. 2007, S. Imamura; Kagoshima: 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Takakuma, 26.iv. 1967, T. Kocha; 1 ♀ (SEHU), Kirishima jingu, 500–900 m, 10–12.vi. 1980, M. Suwa; 2 ♀ (SEHU), 31 ° 53 'N, 130 ° 50 'E, Kirishima onsen, Makizono-cho, 24–25.viii. 2002, T. Yoshida; 3 ♀ (SEHU), Y. Rokusawa [1 ♀, vi. 2004; 1 ♀, Oyamda-cho, Kagoshima-shi, 3.vii. 2004; 1 ♀, Kenminno-mori, Aira-cho, 14.v. 2004]; 4 ♀ (SEHU), Isa, Okujissou, 28.vii. 2007, T. Yamasaki. CHINA: Fujian: 1 ♀ (BPBM), Foochow, vii. 1924, J.F. Illingworth; Hong Kong: 1 ♀ (BPBM), N.T. Taipokau, 15.vi. 1964, W.J. Voss & W.M. Hui. TAIWAN: Taipei: 1 ♀ (NMNS), Yangminshan, 27–28.vii. 1998, M.M. Yang & M.L. Chan; Yilan: 1 ♀ (TARI, PARATYPE of Paraplybia takasagona Sonan), Taiheizan [=Taipingshan], ii. 1930, S. Minowa, 84; Taoyuan: 1 ♀ (NMNS), No.07 Prov. RD, 43–57 km, 11–12.ix. 1999, M.M. Yang; Nantou: 1 ♀ (NMNS), Lienhuachin, 2.v– 12.vi. 2001, C.S. Lin & W.T. Yang. VIETNAM: Cao Bang: 2 ♀ (IUNH), Thanh Cong, Nguyen Binh, J. Kojima et al. [1 ♀, 22 ° 32.5 'N, 105 ° 52 'E, 7.viii. 2012; 1 ♀, 22 ° 34 'N, 105 ° 53 'E, 9.viii. 2012]; Hoa Binh: 8 ♀ (IUNH / IEBR), Pa Co, Mai Chau, 20 ° 44.5 'N, 104 ° 53.5 'E, 1450 m, 27.viii. 2006, L.T.P. Nguyen, F. Saito & J. Kojima, Nest#VN-Pp- 2006 - 16. LAOS: Vientiane: 4 ♀ (BPBM), Ban Van Heue, [2 ♀, 14–15.iv. 1965, J.L. Gressitt; 1 ♀, 20 km E of Phou-know-kuei, 15–31.iv. 1965, native collector; 1 ♀, 20 km E of Phou-know-kuei, 1–15.iv. 1965, J.A. Rondon]. THAILAND: Chon Buri: 1 ♀ (BPBM), Ban Bang Phra, 6.iii. 1968, D.E. Hardy. Description. FEMALE. Body length 12.0–15.0 mm; fore wing length 10.5–14.5 mm. Head in frontal view, about as wide as high (Fig. 53). Gena developed, somewhat swollen laterally, but hardly visible in frontal view of head (Fig. 53), in lateral view about as wide as eye (Fig. 54). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 55); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli rarely longer than half of Od; POD less than Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.25–0.28 mm, larger than Od (0.22–0.27 mm); OOD 1.9 × as large as Od. Eyes with sparse, short setae. T 1 long (2.9–3.9 mm long, Figs 56–57), posteriorly swollen dorsally, 3.0 × longer than the maximum height, 2.5 × as long as its own maximum width. Color. Body ground color yellow (Fig. 3); following parts brown to dark brown: scape and pedicel dorsally, anterior margin of clypeus, teeth of mandible, narrow ill-defined band in bottom of supraclypeal area, spot above antennal socket, vertex, median spot on pronotal collar, narrow band along posterodorsal margin of pronotum, median furrow of mesopleuron, anterior margin of mesoscutum, mesoscutum except for paired longitudinal yellow bands, anterior margin, median line and dorsolateral lines of propodeum, dorsal side of T 1, T 2 –T 6 except for paired large basal yellow spots, posterior margin of S 2 –S 5. Legs yellow; mid and hind trochanters, dorsal line of femur, apical one-third of tibia, brown. Wings semihyaline, pale brown (Figs 3–4). MALE. Body length 12.0–13.0 mm; fore wing length 12.0–13.0 mm. Head in frontal view 0.9 × as wide as high (Fig. 58). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 59); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli less than Od; POD less than Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.24–0.29 mm, larger than Od (0.21–0.26 mm); OOD about equal to Od. F 11 1.6 × as long as F 10 (0.7–0.8 mm, Fig. 60). T 1 less swollen than in female (3.1–3.4 mm long, Figs 61–62), 3.3 × longer than the maximum height, 2.8 × as long as its own maximum width. Parameral spine with dense hairy setae (Fig. 63). Digitus apically slightly bulged. Proximal margin of aedeagus ventrally produced (Fig. 64). Color. Similar to female, but narrow brown band at bottom of supraclypeal area and small spot above antennal socket absent. Etymology. The specific name originates from a Latine croceus (yellow, golden) with reference to the body coloration. Distribution. Japan (except Hokkaido and south of Kuchino-jima island in the Nansei Islands) (Yamane et al. 1999, Takamizawa 2005, cited as “ Parapolybia indica ”), South Korea, China (Guangdong, Fujian, Hong Kong), Taiwan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (North Vietnam). Remarks. In addition to the references listed in the synonimies, all of the refernces describing biological aspects of the Japanese population under “ Parapolybia indica ”, such as Sekijima et al. (1981), Sugiura et al. (1983 a, b), Kojima (1992 a, b) and Saito-Morooka (2014), are of this species.Published as part of Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2015, Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia, pp. 215-235 in Zootaxa 3947 (2) on pages 227-229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/23272
The AJE Summit 2020 Report: The Past, Present and Future of Japanese Language Education in Europe
No full textAssociations of teachers of Japanese play an indispensable role in assisting not only teachers but also learners and impacting society by offering resources and opportunities for the growth of in-service teachers and pre-service teachers such as postgraduate students. Enhancing the quality of the resources and opportunities is expected to become effective when they know each other, learn from each other and work together. For this purpose, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe hosted a summit where the representatives of 22 European countries gathered to discuss the current and the future of Japanese language education in Europe. The aim of the current report is to present general but up-to-date information about the teachers, learners, institutions, associations, and features and challenges of each country. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the key discussions of the summit on the challenges and the possible actions for the viable future of Japanese language education in Europe. The Authors hope to contribute to creating the reference points for larger future studies on such associations while reflecting on the impact the summit possibly had
Parapolybia flava Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Parapolybia flava</i> Saito-Morooka, Nguyen & Kojima, sp. nov. <p>(Figs 41–52, 80, 86)</p> <p> <i>Parapolybia indica indica</i> (?): van der Vecht 1966: 29, part.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species can be distinguished from other species of the <i>P. i n di ca</i> species-group by the combination of the following characters: female gena well developed, swollen posterolaterally; in both sexes, T2 distinctly concave on both sides of median line.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> HOLOTYPE: ♀, VIETNAM: Thanh Cong, Nguyen Binh, Cao Bang Prov., 22°32.5'N, 105°52'E, 700 m, 7.viii.2012, J. Kojima & H. Nugroho, nest# VN-NE2012-Pp-10” [IUNH, long-term loan from IEBR], PARATYPES: VIETNAM: Cao Bang: 7 ♀ 2 ♂ [IUNH], Thanh Cong, Nguyen Binh, J. Kojima & H.</p> <p>Nugroho, [5 ♀ 2 ♂, 22°32.5'N, 105°52'E, 700 m, 7.viii.2012, nest# VN-NE2012-Pp-10; 3 ♀, 22°34'N, 105°52.5'E, 1000 m, 9.viii.2012, nest# VN-NE2012-Pp-11]; 6 ♀ [IUNH], Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, J. Kojima, H. Nugroho & IED-c [4 ♀, 22°34'N, 105°53'E; 1 ♀, 22°32.5'N, 105°52'E]; Bac Kan: 4 ♀ 1 ♂ [IUNH], Na Ri, 22°12'51''N, 105°58'42''E, 550 m, 5.viii.2012, J. Kojima & H. Nugroho, nest# VN-NE2012-Pp-09; Ha Tinh: 700 m, 30.v.2004, L.T.P. Nguyen.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> FEMALE. Body length 15.0–18.0 mm; fore wing length 14.0– 15.5 mm. Head in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as high (Fig. 41). Gena developed, swollen laterally, in frontal view of head visible in its entire height (Fig. 41), in lateral view about as wide as eye (Fig. 42). Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 43); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli shorter than Od; POD less than their Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.20–0.24 mm, posterior ocellus diameter 0.20–0.24 mm; OOD 2.0 × as large as Od. Propodeum finely and shallowly striate in anterior half, deeper posteriorly. T1 posteriorly swollen (4.0–5.0 mm long, Figs 44–45), 3.0 × longer than the maximum height, 3.0 × as long as its own maximum width. T2 distinctly depressed sublaterally (Fig. 46).</p> <p> <i>Color.</i> Body yellow (Fig. 80), with following parts brown to dark brown: dorsal part of scape, pedicel, basal half of flagellum (varying between individuals), paired ill-defined spots on clypeus, frons, vertex, anterior spot and line along posterodorsal margin of pronotum, median longitudinal band of mesoscutum, scutellum, tegula, median longitudinal band of propodeum, anterodorsal half of T1, anterior half of S1, S2–S6 except for dorsal yellow markings (remarkably varying in size and shape), basal spot of mid and hind femerora, basal half of mid and hind tibiae. Following parts black: anterior margin of clypeus, teeth of mandible, margin of ocelli, anterior margin and posterior line of mesoscutum, groove of mesopleuron, mid and hind tarsi.</p> <p>MALE. Body length about 13.0 mm; fore wing length 12.0 mm. Head in frontal view 1.1 × higher than wide (Fig. 47). Eye enlarged. Ocelli close to each other (Fig. 48); distance between anterior and posterior ocelli less than half of Od; POD about half of their Od; anterior ocellus diameter 0.24–0.26 mm, posterior ocellus diameter 0.22– 0.24 mm; OOD 1.3 × as Od. Antenna thin and long, F11 2.0 × as long as F10. T1 not robust (about 3.5 mm, Figs 49–50), 3.0 × longer than its maximum height, 3.0 × as long as its own maximum width. T2 distinctly depressed sublaterally (Fig. 46). Legs thin and long, hind tibia 4 mm. Volsella elongate. Digitus broadly bulged, strongly bend inward. Parameral spine short, with dense hairy setae (Fig. 51). Proximal margin of aedeagus ventrally produced (Fig. 52).</p> <p> <i>Color.</i> Body light yellow (Fig. 80); following parts light brown to orange: mesoscutum and scutellum; following parts brown to dark brown: dorsal part of scape, pedicel, dorsal side of flagellum (darker basally), frons, vertex, anterial mark and dorsolateral line of pronotum, median line and anterior margin of mesoscutum, median line of scutellum, median and dorsolateral lines of propodeum, groove on mesopleuron, dorsal mark of T1, T2 except for paired large yellow spots, tarsi.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name originates from a Latin <i>flavus</i> with reference to the body coloration.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Vietnam (North Vietnam).</p>Published as part of <i>Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2015, Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia, pp. 215-235 in Zootaxa 3947 (2)</i> on pages 225-227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/232726">http://zenodo.org/record/232726</a>
Dynamics of social trust and human capital in the learning process: The case of the Japan garment cluster in the period 1968-2005
No full textThis paper examined how and the extent to which human capital and social trust are associated with the learning process of a manager in making operations decisions through experience. To this end, using a data set originally and purposively constructed by the author, I investigate the development and transformation of the garment industry cluster region of Kojima, Japan. The major findings through statistical estimations are as follows. (1) In the cluster development stage, the social trust of an enterprise and its manager’s experiences in firm operations could be regarded as forming a complimentary association. (2) In the stage following cluster development, however, a manager’s human capital as accumulated through schooling and personal experience becomes complimentary instead of social trust.Social trust, Human capital, Bayesian learning
Arthula plebeja Ubaidillah and Kojima, sp. nov.
No full textArthula plebeja Ubaidillah and Kojima, sp. nov. (Figs 1–10) Diagnosis. Body mostly brown. Antenna with 23–24 flagellomeres in female, 27–28 flagellomeres in male; propleuron densely punctured; first metasomal tergum not strongly widened posteriorly, its apical width about 1.5 x basal width, not very long, about 2.7 x as long as its apical width; second tergum slightly shorter than or about as long as its apical width. Female. Body length about 7.5–10 mm (n = 5) (holotype about 10 mm), forewing length about 6–7.5 mm (n = 5) (holotype about 7.5 mm). Body mostly brown; stained with black along anterior margin of pronotum and anterior margin of mesoscutum, on prepectus, median part of mesopleoron, sub-lateral and sub-ventral parts of propodeum, and all coxae (Fig. 1). Head and mesosoma with following yellow marks: stripe encircling eye and connected to transverse wide band below toruli, ill-defined band along apical margin of clypeus, narrow band along posterior margin of pronotum, paired oval anterolateral spots on mesoscutum, oval anterior spot on axilla, paired semi-rounded spots on dorsellum, posterior half of propodeum medially, and transverse stripe along posterior margin of each of second to fifth metasomal terga. Head in frontal view (Fig. 2) suboval, nearly 1.4 x as wide as high, in dorsal view (Fig. 3) about 2 x as wide as long; occipital carina complete. Area among ocelli weakly raised, unmargined by either carina or suture; anterior and posterior ocelli nearly the same size; distance between inner margins of posterior ocelli about 1.5 x their diameter, and about 0.8 of distance between outer margin of posterior ocellus and inner eye margin. Eye oval, bare, in frontal view inner margins nearly parallel; in profile maximum width of eye about 2 x that of gena. Malar space about 0.4 of eye height. Face slightly raised medially, with paired broad and shallow oblique grooves diverging dorsally from bases of toruli. Clypeus oval, slightly convex, depressed ventromedially, separated from supraclypeal area by shallow arched groove, which is deeper in the ventrolateral corners. Maxillary palpus with five palpomeres; labial palpus with four palpomeres. Mandible tapering apically, with two teeth; dorsal tooth slightly larger and longer than ventral one (Fig. 4). Antenna filiform, narrowing apically, with 23 (holotype) or 24 flagellomeres (3 paratypes), or number asymmetric (1 paratype); first flagellomere about 2.7 x as long as its apical width, about 1.6 x as long as second flagellomere; second to seventh flagellomeres nearly equal in length; subsequent flagellomeres becoming narrower and shorter towards apical part of flagellum; terminal flagellomere bullet-shaped, nearly 2 x as long as its basal width (but 1.4–1.6 x as long as wide when the flagellum has 24 flagellomeres). Mesonotum closely punctured, densely covered with short setae; notaulus narrow, impressed, traceable in anterior half of mesoscutum; disk of mesoscutum moderately punctured, strongly wrinkled along notauli and over broad area behind their terminus, and alongside margins of lateral disk. Scutellum slightly convex dorsally, finely, closely punctured. Propodeum densely covered with short setae, coarsely reticulated to densely punctured medially and laterally, with short longitudinal rugae on anterior margin; median longitudinal carina absent. Mesopleuron densely covered with short setae, closely punctured, most coarsely on median disk; propodeal spiracle elliptical. Forewing (Fig. 5) radial cell 3.0– 3.5 x as long as wide; costal notch distinct; 2 m-cu with two bullae. Hind wing with distal abscissa of 1 A complete. Metasoma finely and closely punctured, densely covered with short setae. First tergum (Figs 6, 7) weakly widening posteriorly, in dorsal view apical width about 1.5 x basal width, length (measured in lateral view as the distance from the apical margin of basal slit to posterodorsal corner of the tergum) about 2.7 x its apical width, without glymma, basal half with two weak, sub-median carinae; spiracle strongly produced as tubercle at mid-length of the tergum; second tergum 0.9 –1.0x as long as its apical width; apical width of second tergum 2.0– 2.4 that of first tergum. Ovipositor relatively short (Figs 1, 8), about as long as length of terminal sternum; ovipositor sheath hairy. Male. Body length about 8–8.5 mm (n = 6), forewing length about 6.5–7 mm (n = 6). Similar to female, but apical yellow bands on metasomal segments wider than in female (Figs 9, 10); antenna with 27–28 flagellomeres; first flagellomere proportionally slightly longer than in female, nearly 3 x as long as its apical width; terminal flagellomere 1.8–2.3 x and 1.3–1.7 x as long as its basal width for flagellum with 27 and 28 flagellomeres, respectively. Type series. Holotype: Ƥ (repository: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Canberra), labeled (slash indicates new line) “ AUSTRALIA, N.S.W. / Cabbage Tree Creek / (along Kings Highway) / 35 ° 34 ’S, 105 °02’E / emerged 10.vii. 2004 from / Ropalidia plebeiana nest / kept in laboratory / Nest collected iiiiv. 2004 / J. Kojima” and “ HOLOTYPE / female / Arthula plebeja Ubaidillah & Kojima ”. Paratypes: 10 specimens (Australian National Insect Collection, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense and Natural History Collection of Ibaraki University): 2 Ƥ 23, same data as holotype; 1 Ƥ, “ Australia, N.S.W. / Cabbage Tree Creek / 35 ° 34 ’S, 105 °02’E / 29.ii. 2000. J. Kojima”; 1 Ƥ 13, “ Australia, ATC / Canberra, emerged in vii. 2004 / from Ropalidia plebeiana nest / collected in iii-iv 2004 / J. Kojima; 33, “ Australia, NSW / 35 ° 39 ’S, 105 °09’E / 1.9 km in driveway distance / from Batemans Bay in / direction of Canberra / emerged on 16.vii. 2004 [12.viii. 2004 (for 23)] / from R. plebeiana nests / coll. in iii-iv 2004, J. Kojima.” Etymology. The specific name, plebeja, is a Latin adjective meaning “plebeian,” used after the specific name of the host paper wasp, Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1863, non 1862 (= Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, 1978). Remarks. This species is similar to A. flavofasciata in the shape of the antenna and metasoma, both of which seem to be key characters to distinguish Arthula species, but can be easily distinguished from A. flavofasciata by having the first metasomal tergum weakly widened posteriorly (apical width about 1.5 x as wide as the basal width vs. about 2.0x in A. flavofasciata), and the dorsal surface of the same tergum in profile more or less smoothly curved (angled in A. flavofasciata). Arthula plebeja is distinctly different from the other two species, A. brunneocornis and A. formosanus, by the female antenna having the smallest number of flagellomeres (23–24 in A. plebeja vs. 26–27 in A. brunneocornis vs. 28 in A. formosanus), and in the proportionally shorter first two metasomal segments (in A. brunneocornis and A. formosanus, the first tergum much elongated and the second tergum distinctly longer than the apical width).Published as part of Ubaidillah, Rosichon, Yamaguchi, Goshi & Kojima, Jun-Ichi, 2009, A new Arthula Cameron (Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) parasitoid of Ropalidia plebeiana Richards (Vespidae) and host of Amoturoides breviscapus Girault (Torymidae) (Hymenoptera), pp. 45-50 in Zootaxa 2274 on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19104
Amystax urara Kojima and Yoro 2020, sp. nov.
No full textAmystax urara Kojima and Yôro, sp. nov. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D4A26A9A-BEC8-495C-9CCC-0854A2978384 (Figs. 1–11 & 13–17) Description. Male. Length: 5.8–7.0 mm (including rostrum); width: 2.0– 2.4 mm. Brownish to blackish brown; antennae and legs reddish to brownish black; scaling variable (Figs. 1–4 & 6–8), dense, scales ovate to circular, grayish brown to ash green with metallic shimmer (or luster); pronotum with stripes; elytra with transverse band behind middle between third intervals, sometimes band indefinite; underside with only hair-like scales. Head 1.4 times as wide as rostrum; rostrum 1.2 times as long as wide, widest and weakly depressed at base, with faint marginal carina at epistome; postmentum with pair of long setae at middle; eyes moderately convex, exterior contour in dorsal aspect angled about 45º at junction to basal side of rostrum. Pronotum 1.3–1.4 times as wide as head, nearly as wide as long, widest slightly before middle, weakly arcuate at sides; disc wrinkled, without granules or median furrow. Scutellum triangular, bare. Elytra 1.6–1.7 times as long as wide, widest at basal fifth, neither costate across basal margin nor sinuate at side margin; intervals flat, with row of subrecumbent decurved scale-like setae, each slightly longer than one scale on dorsum and becoming longer, inclined on declivity; striae weakly punctate, each puncture filled with lanceolate scale. Terminalia as illustrated (Figs. 13–16); aedeagal body nearly as long as apodeme, with apical part tapered and attenuate apically; flagellum very long, longer than total length of aedeagus. Female. Length: 5.7–6.5 mm (including rostrum); width: 2.2–2.3 mm. Differs from the male by the following points: scaling denser, stripes of pronotum and band of elytra often indefinite; and elytra 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide. Spermatheca (Fig. 14) rather large, about 0.5 mm in length α, ramus and collum not differentiated and very short. Type material. Holotype male, Nageishidaira (1,700 m a.s.l.), Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 10.VI.– 12.VIII.2019, H. Kojima. Paratypes: 6 males and 8 females, same data as the holotype (all TUA). Distribution. Japan (Kyushu: mountainous area on Yakushima Island). Etymology. “Urara” means beautiful things in Japanese, and is also the name of our close associate on Yakushima Island, Mrs. Urara Ogata of the Riverside Café Bar, St. Pote. The brownish gray to ash green lustrous scales of this species make it the brightest species in the genus Amystax. Biology. Adults were found on the leaves of Pieris japonica var. yakushimensis T. Yamaz. and Buxus microphylla var. japonica (Müll. Arg. ex Miq.) Rehder et E.H.Wilson from June to the middle of August. They were not found in October at the type locality. Adults are common in July and their feeding scars were observed on leaf margins of the aforementioned shrubs (Figs. 9 & 10). The microhabitat of this weevil seems to be restricted to shrubs on nearly flat or gently sloping areas at the type locality; no adults were found on shrubs on slopes. The type locality, Nageishidaira, is a relatively flat, rocky site, ca. 1,700 m a.l.s, with low-growing shrubs such as R. yakushimanum, P. japonica var. yakushimensis, Buxus microphylla var. japonica (Tsuge in Japanese; Buxaceae), etc. Weevils appeared to associate with, not only P. j. var. yakushimensis, but also B. m. var. japonica. Remarks. The new species can easily be separated from other congeners, including the recently described Amystax yakushimanus Nakamura and Morimoto, 2015, by the following key. 1(2) Scales grayish brown to ash green with metallic shimmer. Rostrum with rather shallow transverse depression at base. Pronotum reticulate and without granules on disc. Elytra neither costate nor depressed along basal margin; striae weakly punctate, each puncture with lanceolate scale (Fig. 11). Underside clothed with only hair-like scales.................. A. urara sp. nov. 2(1) Scales grayish, pale ochraceous or brownish, usually without metallic shimmer. Rostrum with more or less distinct transverse depression at base. Pronotum granulate on disc. Elytra costate along basal margin and shallowly depressed along hind margin of costa; striae coarsely punctate, each puncture with broad ovate scale (Fig. 12). Underside densely clothed with ovate scales........................................................................ A. yakushimanus and other congenersPublished as part of Kojima, Hiroaki & Yôro, Takeshi, 2020, A new species of Amystax Roelofs, 1873 endemic to the mountainous area of the Yakushima World Natural Heritage site, Kyushu, Japan, pp. 495-500 in Zootaxa 4732 (3) on page 496, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.12, http://zenodo.org/record/366718
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