1,720,963 research outputs found
Characteristics and management of hydrocephalus associated with vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review
No full textHydrocephalus (HC) can be associated with vestibular schwannoma (VS) at presentation. Although spontaneous resolution of HC after VS removal is reported, first-line treatment is varied including preoperative ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt, external ventricular drainage (EVD), or lumbar drainage (LD). We performed a systematic review to clarify optimal management of HC associated with VS at presentation, as well as characteristics of patients with initial and persistent HC after VS removal, and prevalence of HC associated with VS. Fourteen studies were included. Patients were grouped according to the timing of HC treatment. The overall rate of VP shunts was 19.4%. Among patients who received VS removal as first-line treatment, 6.9% underwent permanent shunts. In a subgroup of 132 patients (studies with no-aggregate data), t test analysis for mean tumor size (P = 0.02) and mean CSF protein level (P < 0.001) demonstrated statistically significant differences between patients with resolved HC (3.48 cm and 201 mg/dL) and patients with persistent HC (2.46 cm and 76.8 mg/dL) after VS resection. Transient treatment of HC using EVD or LD further resolved the HC in 87.5% and 82.9% of patients, respectively, before and after VS removal. The overall prevalence of HC associated with VS in a population of 2336 patients was 9.3%. Schwannoma removal as first-line treatment is justified by its low rate of persistent HC requiring VP shunt (roughly 7%). Patients with smaller VS and lower CSF proteins present higher risk of persistent HC after schwannoma removal. Temporary treatment of HC contributes to its resolution, both before and after VS removal
<Articles>Tachai : the model of the socialistic village reconstruction
No full text山西省の太行山脈中の一山村である大寨生産大隊は中国における社会主義的農村建設の典型とされていて、一九六四年以来、「工業は大慶に学び、農業は大寨に学ぶ」運動が全国的に展開されて来た。しかも文化大革命の大風大浪の中において、大寨の声価はますます高まり、大寨の作風に学ぶ運動は今や全国的大高揚を迎えている。それでは大寨はどのような点で典型と見なされているのだろうか。従来の大寨の紹介は一窮二白の状態にあり、山も谷も荒れはてていた山村が、あらゆる困難を克服して、自然改造をなしとげ、安定多収穫の耕地(穏産高産田) を作り出した点に主眼がおかれていた。大寨は同時に農業生産技術の面でも、自力で、先進的な、高水準の生産技術を開発した点で模範的である。だが、大寨が学ばれねばならない点は高い生産力水準をかちとったことに限られるべきではなく、むしろこのような生産力上昇の起動力をどこに求めたかが重要なのである。大寨ではその起動力を団結した貧農・下層中農の積極性に求めた。個々の力をとって見れば半人前にも満たない老人や子供たちが、集団の威力を発揮して、中農上層を上廻る生産をあげたことがその出発点であった。大寨の幹部たちはこの教訓にもとずき、常に貧下中農と団結して、共に学び、共に労働し、共に生活して、自力更生の難事業に挑み、失敗を教訓に生かして、一歩一歩成功をかちとった。「闘争、失敗、再闘争、再失敗、再闘争、直至勝利」を地で行った現代の愚公たちは、その闘争の中で、社会主義建設と言うものが、常に四旧との戦いであり、それを維持、復活させようとする、地主、富農、反革命分子、悪質分子との激しい闘争の場であることを身を以て体験し、毛沢東思想の活学活用により、その本質を看破し、それを打破することに努めた。このように階級闘争、生産闘争、科学実験と云う三大革命運動の担い手として、大寨は社会主義農村建設の典型とされたのであるが、「走資派」の数次に亘る攻撃に反撃を加えつつ、勤倹弁国、勤倹弁社の精神を守り、「謙虚で、慎重で、おごりをいましめ、あせりをいましめ、誠心誠意人民に奉仕し」、「個人の利益や小集団の利益から出発しないで、すべて人民の利益から出発」して、社会主義中国を大衆的基盤の上に樹立する原点となっている点でも大寨は今日なお典型たりえていると言うことができるであろう。Tachai productive brigade, a mountain village in the midst of Taihan mountain range in Shansi province, is called the model of socialistic village reconstruction in People's China, and, since 1964, the movement of "Learn from Tachin in industry, and learn from Tachai in agriculture" was spread all over the country. Above all, in the midst of the vigorous storm of proletarian cultural revolution, Tachi's reputation enhanced more and more, and now the movement to learn Tachai is spreading to the every corner of the country. Why Tachai is regarded as such a model. Usually, Tachai has been held up as an exsample of how man, through self-reliance and determined hard work, can transform nature, and emerge from backwardness. The Tachai peasants have accomplished the seemingly impossible task of making their barrer, rocky hillsides into fertile terraces. At the same time Tachai is a model brigade who developped many high technical improvements in agriculture. But these are not so serious problem than the following. Who was the motive force for the upsurge of productive power? In Tachai, the motive forces were the jointed poor peasants and the lower middle class peasants. The leaders of Tachai, who themselves were the sons of poor peasants, jointed with them, always worked with them, discussed with them, and learned from them to accomplish their hard enterprises. Such modern "Foolish Old Men who removed the mountains" have learned that the socialistic reconstruction means the struggle between the two lines, and, in fact, they fought with the reactionaries in the communist party as well as the former land lords, or the former rich farmers during the transformation movement for nature. Through the "Three Revolutional Momvement", that is the class struggle, the prodution struggle, the scientific experiment, they won the reactionaries by learning and using the Chairman Mao's doctorine, so they were evaluated as a model of the socialistis reconstruction in agricultural front. They will be evalluated, also, because they established the key station for the proletarian dictatorship to serve the world people from unselfish, modest spirit, jointing the wisdom of every common people
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
