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A new species of Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with comments on T. utahensis (Cockerell) and T. melanarius Rightmyer
No full textRightmyer, Molly G., Kono, Yoshiaki, Kohn, Joshua R., Hung, Keng-Lou James (2014): A new species of Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with comments on T. utahensis (Cockerell) and T. melanarius Rightmyer. Zootaxa 3872 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.1.
FIGURES 5–6 in A new species of Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with comments on T. utahensis (Cockerell) and T. melanarius Rightmyer
No full textFIGURES 5–6. Triepeolus matildae, sp. nov., male paratype. 5. Ventral metasoma. 6. Pygidial plate. Figures 7–8. Triepeolus utahensis, male, from San Diego. 7. Ventral metasoma. 8. Pygidial plate. Figures 9–10. Triepeolus melanarius, male, from San Diego. 9. Ventral metasoma. 10. Pygidial plate.Published as part of Rightmyer, Molly G., Kono, Yoshiaki, Kohn, Joshua R. & Hung, Keng-Lou James, 2014, Zootaxa 3872 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3872.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23094
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Genomic Admixture and Nest Defense Behavior in the Africanized Honey Bee of the American Continents
Get PDFGenomic admixture, the mixture of two or more distinct gene pools, is a common and widespread biological phenomenon of significant evolutionary importance. The African-hybrid honey bee (AHB) represents one of the most impressive and ecologically successful cases of admixture in a social insect. While honey bees are now a common feature of the American landscape and an indispensable part of commercial agriculture, their origins are rooted in importations from Eurasia and Africa that began in the 1500s. The African-hybrid honey bee (AHB) is a New World amalgamation of several subspecies of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera). Apis mellifera is a taxonomically diverse species, comprised of more than 30 subspecies historically grouped into four major biogeographic lineages: African (A), Western European (M), Eastern European (C), and Eastern Mediterranean (O). In 1956, honey bee biologists in Brazil imported honey bee queens of the African subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata for experimental breeding with pre-existing European stock. Researchers hoped to forge a honey bee that combined the tropical hardiness of A. m. scutellata with the honey production capabilities and gentleness of the popular European subspecies currently in use. In a now infamous incident, these experimental “Africanized” hybrids were accidently released from their research apiaries, initiating a spectacular hybrid species expansion that now extends from northern Argentina to northern California (U.S.A.). The heightened degree of territorial nest defense characteristic of African-hybrid honey bees spurred a large degree of public concern over the expansion and success of this invasive insect—gaining it substantial attention from popular press who dubbed it the “killer bee”. To this end, this dissertation seeks to characterize genomic admixture dynamics and nest defense behavior in the African-hybrid honey bee. I hope my work serves to inform adaptive honey bee breeding practices that will aid in the preservation of a robust population of honey bees for commercial pollination and help combat world-wide honey bee declines
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Assessing the impact of super abundant, non-native honey bees (Apis mellifera) on native plants and pollinators
Get PDFNestled in the California Floristic Provence, a biodiversity hotspot, San Diego County is home well over 2,500 species of plants and at least 650 bee species, many of which are endemic to the region. Despite the great diversity of pollinators like bees, non-native honey bees (Apis mellifera) make up greater than 70% of all visits to native plants in habitat. Lacking a baseline of pollinators populations and plant reproduction before the arrival of honey bees in the 1800s, the impact of this super abundant non-native species is not well known. In this dissertation, I take an applied and exploratory perspective to study and better understand the effects of honey bees on native plants and pollinators. In the first chapter, I demonstrate that honey bee pollination of native plants leads to decreased fitness of both the parent and progeny generations of three common native plants. In the second chapter, I determine if geitonogamous visitation by honey bees is a conserved behavior throughout its global range by reviewing peer reviewed manuscripts containing relevant information. In the third chapter I quantified the mass of pollen removed by honey bees daily from multiple study sites and estimated the number of native bees of average size that could have been produced with this pollen, and the mass of native bees that could be produced by directly converting observed honey bee biomass into native bees. Finally, in the fourth chapter I set out to determine if honey bees negatively impact native pollinator populations by comparing native pollinator diversity and abundance both in the presence and absence of honey bees using Santa Cruz Island where honey bees have been eradicated, and the Santa Monica Mountains where honey bees persist. Altogether, this work reveals the stunning impact honey bees have on both native plants and pollinators in San Diego County and Southern California. I hope that this dissertation can be used to inform conservationists and policy makers about the impacts of honey bees on our native plants and pollinators so that they may be preserved for generations to come
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Honey bees as pollinators in natural communities
Get PDFHoney bees are the most widespread pollinating animal species in natural plant communities worldwide, and in San Diego, California, despite high native bee diversity, the introduced honey bee is responsible for over 75% of flower visits. We performed a) a meta-analysis of published studies which report the per-visit efficiency of honey bees as pollinators relative to other floral visitors and b) a field survey documenting seasonal change in floral abundances and pollinator visitation in a coastal sage scrub (CSS) system in San Diego, in order to better understand the importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural communities. We found that, although honey bees were less efficient than the top non-honey bee pollinator, their efficiency did not differ from the average of non-honey bee floral visitors, and after factoring in visitation frequency, honey bees were no less important. Furthermore, in a San Diego system where honey bees are the numerically dominant floral visitor, we found that honey bees almost exclusively visit the most abundantly flowering species and increase their numbers rapidly as floral abundance increases. By contrast, non-honey bees were fairly indiscriminate floral visitors and only responded to the changes in floral abundance of some plant species with low overall floral abundance. Therefore, although in natural communities honey bees generally provide average pollination services for the plant species they visit, preference for, and recruitment to species with abundant flowers may mean that plant species with lower floral abundance within these systems depend on the pollination services of non-honey bee floral visitors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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