1,721,002 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
MiR-17-92 Cluster Regulation in Differentiated T-cells
Full text linkData from our group and others have demonstrated that tumor-derived factors directly skew T-cell differentiation from an effective tumor fighting Th1 state to a less effective Th2 state, allowing for tumor growth. Why the Th1 response is more effective is largely still unknown. The recently discovered microRNAs (miRNAs) are a large family of small regulatory RNAs that control diverse aspects of cell functions such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, development, differentiation and immune regulation. We thereby sought to examine miRNAs differentially expressed in Th1 and Th2 cells in an effort to better understand the enhanced ability of Th1 cells in tumor immunity. MicroRNA microarray analyses revealed that the miR-17-92 cluster of microRNAs (miR-17-92) is consistently over-expressed in murine Th1 cells compared to Th2 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that the miR-17-92 cluster expression was consistently higher in Th1 cells than Th2 cells. Furthermore, disruption of IL-4 signaling through either IL-4 neutralizing antibody or knockout of STAT6 reversed the miR-17-92 cluster suppression in Th2 cells. MiR-17-92 expression correlated with differential proliferation capacity as Th1 cells proliferated at higher levels than Th2 cells, dependent on IL-4 and STAT6. Th1 cells consistently expressed lower levels of anti-proliferative transcription factors E2F1 and E2F2, which are the known targets of miR-17-92. Collectively, our data suggests that the Th2 skewing tumor microenvironment can induce the down-regulation of miR-17-92 expression in CD4+T cells, thereby diminishing the effective proliferation of tumor-specific T cells and tumor destruction. This has significant public health relevance as we propose that therapy targeting miR-17-92 cluster may provide enhanced T-cell function and prevent tumor growth
Novel mechanisms of cytokine signaling on T-cell and MDSC function in glioma development
Full text linkMalignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors with dismal prognosis. A growing line of evidence supports significant roles of immunosurveillance for prevention and regulation of cancer development. For example, tumor infiltrating T-cells are capable of killing tumor cells and are a positive prognostic factor for cancer patients. T-cell immune responses are classified into distinct effector cell types, type-1 or type-2, based on their cytokine-secreting profiles. We have demonstrated that tumor-specific type-1 T-cells, but not type-2 T-cells, can efficiently traffic into CNS tumor sites and mediate effective therapeutic efficacy via a type-1 chemokine CXCL10 and an integrin receptor VLA-4. Despite the importance of the type-1 T cell response, cancers, including GBMs, secrete numerous type-2 cytokines that promote tumor proliferation and immune escape. The hallmark cytokines of type-1 and type-2 immune responses are IFNs and IL-4, respectively. We therefore sought to better understand the role of IL-4 and IFN signaling in gliomas. We herein demonstrate that the miR-17-92 cluster is down-regulated in T-cells in both human and mouse tumors, dependent on IL-4R signaling. Further, ectopic expression of miR-17-92 cluster in T-cells resulted in enhanced IFN-γ and IL-2 production and resistance to activation induced cell death (AICD) (Aim 1). We next examined IL-4Rα on immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Interestingly we found that IL-4Rα was up-regulated on human and mouse glioma infiltrating, but not peripheral, MDSCs. Additionally, IL-4Rα expression promoted arginase activity, T-cell suppressing abilities and glioma growth (Aim 2).
As type I IFNs are important for anti-glioma type-1 immunity, we further examined how type I IFNs impact glioma patient prognosis. As there are multiple type I IFNs, our collaborators assisted us to identify potentially important genes by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. We found that IFN-pathway genes IFN- alpha receptor-1 (IFNAR1) and the IFN-alpha-8 (IFNA8) promoter both had SNPs associated with glioma prognosis. By luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) we demonstrated that the A-allele, which is associated with better glioma patient survival, but not the C-allele of rs12553612 in the promoter region of IFNA8 allows for OCT-1 binding and activity of the IFNA8 promoter (Aim 3).
Overall, our data suggests that type-2 promoting has a dual role in suppressing glioma immunity through decreased T-cell functioning and enhanced MDSC function. Type-2 promoted suppression of glioma immunity can thus lead to better glioma patient prognosis, a significant public health achievement
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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