1,720,955 research outputs found
On the Strain Induced by Arsenic into Silicon
No full textThe strain induced by substitutional arsenic into the silicon lattice was investigated experimentally. First, a combination of multiple implantations was used to obtain a flat arsenic profile in the first 150 nm of the substrate. Although a full activation of the dopants could be achieved, the EOR defects resulting from the implants were not dissolved and prevented reliable strain measurements. A single implantation was then used. Annealing conditions were carefully chosen to obtain a nearly flat arsenic profile in the first 400 nm of the substrate and to dissolve the EOR defects. Sheet resistance, TEM and RBS measurements confirmed the full activation of the samples and the dissolution of the EOR defects. HRXRD was then used to characterize the strain. The interpretation of the measurements via strain simulation indicated a lattice strain of (-1.5 +/- 0.7)x10(-5) associated with a lattice contraction at a concentration of 2x10(20) cm(-3). This value is significantly lower than the values reported in literature
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Equity-Crowdfunding : rôle, characteristics and issues regarding access to further fundings
No full textNous analysons le rôle, les caractéristiques, et les enjeux de l’Equity-Crowdfunding quant à sa capacité à permettre aux entreprises financées par ce biais d’obtenir des financements lors de prochaines levées de fonds.Ce nouveau mode de financement des jeunes entreprises en phase de démarrage permet à un large public, à travers l’inscription sur une plateforme internet dédiée, de financer des projets entrepreneuriaux divers en contrepartie d’une part du capital de l’entreprise financée. Le caractère récent de ce nouveau mode de financement, impliquant une multitude d’acteurs dans le processus de financement, soulèvent de nombreuses interrogations.L’objet de ce travail doctoral est d’analyser les différentes composantes de l’Equity-Crowfunding susceptibles de favoriser l’obtention de financements ultérieurs.En nous inscrivant d’une part dans le cadre de la théorie de l’agence, et d’autre part dans celui de la dépendance aux ressources, ainsi que ceux du signal et de la légitimité, nous cherchons à identifier la manière dont ce nouvel acteur « Seed Capital » peut jouer pleinement son rôle au sein de la chaîne de financement des jeunes entreprises, à savoir contribuer à sa croissance tout en maintenant des objectifs de rentabilité de l’investissement.A travers une revue détaillée du financement des jeunes entreprises en phase de démarrage et des caractéristiques principales de l’Equity-Crowdfunding, puis par la mise en œuvre de trois études, mobilisant différentes théories ainsi que des méthodologies quantitatives et qualitatives variées, nous mettons en évidence plusieurs éléments permettant d’attester d’une certaine efficacité de l’Equity-Crowdfunding à contribuer au financement de nouvelles levées de fonds.Cependant, nous attirons également l’attention sur les faiblesses qui peuvent émaner du processus de financement par Equity-Crowdfunding, et en particulier sur le rôle de la plateforme d’Equity-Crowdfunding, pouvant être vue comme un intermédiaire financier entre le dirigeant (généralement fondateur) et une multitude d’actionnaires. En effet, une certaine méfiance semble émaner de la part d’investisseurs potentiels lors de nouvelles levées de fonds, soulevant la question de la capacité de ce nouveau mode de financement à devenir un acteur majeur du soutien au développement des jeunes entreprises.We analyse role, features, and issues concerning Equity-Crowdfunding, as for is ability to allow companies funded by this mean to obtain further finance.This new funding actor for startups allows a wide audience, through a subscription on an dedicated internet platform, to finance various entrepreneurial projects, in exchange of a share in equity. The recentness of this new form of funding gives rise to several questions.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the main elements of Equity-Crowdfunding that are likely to foster further finance.By being in line with the agency theory on one hand, and with the dependency theory, as well as signal and legitimacy theory on the other hand, we seek to identify the way this new actor of “Seed capital” can fully contribute to the funding chain, meaning helping the growth of the company and maintaining the profitability of investment at the same time.Through a detailed review about the history, the development, and the role played by Equity-Crowdfunding, regarding its position in the funding chain, and the extent of its contributions to mitigate issues inherent to startup finance, we decided to conduct three essays. Thus, by gathering different theories and mixing qualitative and quantitative methodologies to answer our question, we highlight several elements allowing us to attest Equity-Crowdfunding abilities to help gaining further finances.However, we draw attention on the weaknesses of the Equity-Crowdfunding funding process, especially regarding the role of the platform, which can be viewed as an intermediary between manager (and generally founder) of the project funded and multiple shareholders. A sort of mistrust has emerged from potential investors regarding later stages of funding, questioning the potential of this new funding actor to become a major stakeholder in the startup funding process
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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