108,529 research outputs found
EEG microstate duration and syntax in acute, medication-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia: A multi-center study
No full textIn young, first-episode, productive, medication-naive patients with schizophrenia, EEG microstates (building blocks of mentation) tend to be shortened. Koenig et al. [Koenig, T., Lehmann, D., Merlo, M., Kochi, K., Hell, D., Koukkou, M., 1999. A deviant EEG brain microstate in acute, neuroleptic-naive schizophrenics at rest. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 249, 205-211] suggested that shortening concerned specific microstate classes. Sequence rules (microstate concatenations, syntax) conceivably might also be affected. In 27 patients of the above type and 27 controls, from three centers, multichannel resting EEG was analyzed into microstates using k-means clustering of momentary potential topographies into four microstate classes (A-D). In patients, microstates were shortened in classes B and D (from 80 to 70 ms and from 94 to 82 ms, respectively), occurred more frequently in classes A and C, and covered more time in A and less in B. Topography differed only in class B where LORETA tomography predominantly showed stronger left and anterior activity in patients. Microstate concatenation (syntax) generally were disturbed in patients; specifically, the class sequence A -> C -> D -> A predominated in controls, but was reversed in patients (A -> D -> C -> A). In schizophrenia, information processing in certain classes of mental operations might deviate because of precocious termination. The intermittent occurrence might account for Bleuler's "double bookkeeping." The disturbed microstate syntax opens a novel physiological comparison of mental operations between patients and controls
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Human cytomegalovirus impairs the function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in lymphoid organs.
No full textHuman dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen presenting cells (APC) and can be divided into two main populations, myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the latter being the main producers of Type I Interferon. The vast majority of pDCs can be found in lymphoid organs, where the main pool of all immune cells is located, but a minority of pDCs also circulate in peripheral blood. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) employs multiple mechanisms to evade the immune system. In this study, we could show that pDCs obtained from lymphoid organs (tonsils) (tpDCs) and from blood (bpDCs) are different subpopulations in humans. Interestingly, these populations react in opposite manner to HCMV-infection. TpDCs were fully permissive for HCMV. Their IFN-alpha production and the expression of costimulatory and adhesion molecules were altered after infection. In contrast, in bpDCs HCMV replication was abrogated and the cells were activated with increased IFN-alpha production and upregulation of MHC class I, costimulatory, and adhesion molecules. HCMV-infection of both, tpDCs and bpDCs, led to a decreased T cell stimulation, probably mediated through a soluble factor produced by HCMV-infected pDCs. We propose that the HCMV-mediated impairment of tpDCs is a newly discovered mechanism selectively targeting the host's major population of pDCs residing in lymphoid organs
Value-At-Risk Optimal Policies for Revenue Management Problems
No full textConsider a single-leg dynamic revenue management problem with fare classes controlled by capacity in a risk-averse setting. The revenue management strategy aims at limiting the down-side risk, and in particular, value-at-risk. A value-at-risk optimised policy offers an advantage when considering applications which do not allow for a large number of reiterations. They allow for specifying a confidence level regarding undesired scenarios. We state the underlying problem as a Markov decision process and provide a computational method for computing policies, which optimise the value-at-risk for a given confidence level. This is achieved by computing dynamic programming solutions for a set of target revenue values and combining the solutions in order to attain the requested multi-stage risk-averse policy. Numerical examples and comparison with other risk-sensitive approaches are discussed
Rates of agonism among female primates: a cross-taxon perspective
No full textAgonism is common in group-living animals, shaping dominance relationships and ultimately impacting individual tness. Rates of agonism vary considerably among taxa, however, and explaining this variation has been central in ecological models of female social relationships in primates. Early iterations of these models posited a link to diet, with more frequent agonism predicted in frugivorous species due to the presumed greater contestability of fruits relative to other food types. Although some more recent studies have suggested that dietary categories may be poor predictors of contest competition among primates, to date there have been no broad, cross-taxa comparisons of rates of female–female agonism in relation to diet. This study tests whether dietary variables do indeed pre- dict rates of female agonism and further investigates the role of group size (i.e., number of competitors) and substrate use (i.e., degree of arboreality) on the frequency of agonism. Data from 44 wild, unprovisioned groups, including 3 strepsirhine species, 3 platyrrhines, 5 colobines, 10 cercopithecines, and 2 hominoids were analyzed using phylogenetically controlled and uncontrolled methods. Results indicate that diet does not predict agonistic rates, with trends actually being in the opposite direction than predicted for all taxa except cercopithecines. In contrast, agonistic rates are positively associated with group size and possibly degree of terrestriality. Competitor density and perhaps the risk of ghting, thus, appear more important than general diet in predicting agonism among female primates. We discuss the implications of these results for socio-ecological hypotheses
ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Actinomycetes ENDOFIT DAN RHIZOSFER TANAMAN GANDASULI (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig)
No full textActinomycetes merupakan bakteri Gram positif yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai penghasil antibiotik terbesar dan terdistribusi secara luas di tanah, terutama tanah disekitar tanaman (rhizosfer). Actinomycetes juga ditemukan di jaringan tanaman seperti akar dikenal sebagai actinomycetes endofit. Tanaman Gandasuli (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang memiliki manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi actinomycetes endofit dari rhizosfer Tanaman Gandasuli (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig) serta uji aktivitas antibakteri. Actinomycetes diisolasi menggunakan media Actinomycetes Isolation Agar (AIA) selama 28 hari. Kemudian isolat difermentasi dengan media Actinomycetes Broth (AB) selama 14 hari menggunakan incubator shaker. Hasil fermentasi dimaserasi dengan pelarut metanol. Hasil identifikasi isolat secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis menunjukkan isolat 3.1 T, 3.1 A, dan 4.2 A merupakan isolat actinomycetes. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Konsentrasi ekstrak metanol yang digunakan adalah 5 %. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat 3.1 T memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kuat dan isolat 4.2 A memiliki aktivitas antibakteri sedang. Pengujian metabolit sekunder kedua ekstrak menggunakan skrining fitokimia dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), menunjukkan positif mengandung senyawa terpenoid, steroid, flavonoid, dan saponin. Pemisahan senyawa menggunakan KLT dengan eluen n-heksan : etil asetat (7:3) dibawah sinar UV dengan panjang gelombang 254nm dan 366nm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian isolat actinomycetes endofit dari rhizosfer Tanaman Gandasuli (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig) berpotensi menghasilkan sumber senyawa baru antibakteri.
Kata Kunci : Tanaman Gandasuli (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig),Rhizosfer, Actinomycetes endofit, Aktivitas antibakter
Figurationen der Wissenschaft und Universität. Annäherung an die Frage: Welche Bedeutung hat die Universität Wien?
No full textHemispheric lateralization patterns and psychotic experiences in healthy subjects
No full textThe hypothesis that psychotic experiences in healthy subjects are associated with a dysfunction of the right hemisphere is supported by some, but not all, available studies. Differences in gender composition of study samples may explain in part the divergent findings. The present study was carried out in 42 healthy, right-handed university students. Scores on the Schizophrenia and Paranoia scales of the Minnesota Multidimensional Personality Inventory-2 were used in correlation analyses and to define a High- and a Low-Psychotic group. Brain Electrical Microstates and Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) source analyses of the auditory P300 (P3a and P3b) components of the event-related potential, as well as a battery of neuropsychological tests, were used to assess hemispheric functioning. Scores on the Paranoia scale were positively associated with a leftward shift of the P3a topographic descriptors in females but not in males. When comparing High-Psychotic and Low-Psychotic females, a leftward shift of P3a descriptors and an increased cortical activation in left fronto-temporal areas were observed in the High-Psychotic group. Our results demonstrated gender-related differences in the pattern of hemispheric imbalance associated with psychotic experiences in healthy subjects
Gautier de Coinci. Les Miracles de Notre-Dame, publiés par V. Frédéric Koenig, t. IV. Genève, Droz, et Paris, Minard, 1970. (Textes littéraires français, 176.)
No full textMonfrin Jacques. Gautier de Coinci. Les Miracles de Notre-Dame, publiés par V. Frédéric Koenig, t. IV. Genève, Droz, et Paris, Minard, 1970. (Textes littéraires français, 176.). In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1972, tome 130, livraison 1. pp. 268-269
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