480 research outputs found
Entropy statistics as a framework to analyse technological evolution
No full textEntropy Statistics Framework Analyse Technological Evolution Frenken Nuvolari Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies The Netherlands Working Paper Department Technology Management Technische Universiteit Eindhoven The Netherlands September Entropy Statistics Framework Analyse Technological Evolution Koen Frenken Department Economic Geography and Urban Research centre Utrecht URU Faculty Geographical Sciences Utrecht University Box Utrecht The Netherlands mail frenken geog www http econ geog department home html Alessandro Nuvolari Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies ECIS Faculty Technology Management Eindhoven University Technology Box Eindhoven The Netherlands mail nuvolari tue www http www tue ecis September Manuscript third version Second version January First version presented EMAEE September are grateful John Kanefsky for generously providing with the updated version his dataset British steam engines and Paolo Saviotti for the use his data aircraft and helicopters previously collected for project funded the ESCR thank Nick von Tunzelmann for helpful discussions earlier draft this chapter was presented the Second European Meeting Applied Evolutionary Economics Vienna September thank the participants the workshop and especially Arnulf bler for their comments INTRODUCTION Many scholars have suggested that important similarities exist between technological development and biological evolution and that for this reason evolutionary models can provide with fairly adequat
Autodelen verspreidt zich over heel Nederland
No full textAutodelen is een zelfversterkend fenomeen dat zich over heel Nederland zal verspreiden, stelt Koen Frenken. Autodelen is de laatste jaren sterk gegroeid, maar de populariteit is nu nog duidelijk geconcentreerd in steden als Amsterdam en Utrecht. Door de dalende kosten bij een groter park van te delen auto’s en door groeiende bekendheid zal het autodelen zich snel buiten de grote steden verspreiden
The geography of collaborative knowledge production: entropy techniques and results for the European Union
No full textEconomic development has become understood as being crucially dependent on knowledge production and innovation. Two important features of knowledge production concern its spatial concentration and its embeddedness in collaborative networks. The understanding of economic and scientific development thus requires indicators that capture the spatial and networked nature of knowledge production. This paper aims to contribute by developing and applying an integration measure that indicates the extent to which an organisation is integrated within a network. This measure, being based on the entropy of frequency distributions of collaborative projects, can be applied at any level of aggregation (cf. Frenken 2000). In this study, the focus of analysis is on European integration at the level of cities, countries and the European Union as a whole. The integration measure indicates the degree in which the observed distribution of collaborations differs from the distribution that would have resulted when partner selection would have been random (maximum entropy) indicating perfect integration. Using data taken from the Science Citation Index on inter-institutional collaborations in scientific output of EU countries in the period 1993-2000, European, national and regional patterns in scientific collaboration are analysed. The analysis in divided in three parts. The first part deals with the analysis of national and European collaboration. Results obtained so far (Frenken 2000) show that the European Union has indeed become more integrated, i.e. that the distribution of collaborations has become more random over time. Decomposition of the results shows that the higher level of integration has resulted solely from a more evenly distributed pattern of country-country collaborations, while the bias in national collaborations has not decreased. From a policy perspective, one could argue that European funding, for what concerns European collaborations, has indeed resulted in decreasing biases among countries, but has not resulted in removing the strong propensity of institutions to engage in national collaborative projects. In the second part, I examine the geographical nature of differences in the propensity to collaborate. The results obtained so far show that larger countries are typically better integrated than smaller countries. This can be understood from the assumption that scientific research in the larger countries is most diversified rendering its scientific institutes on average more attractive to collaborative with. This result, however, is not taken to mean that the propensity to collaborate internationally is solely affected by the national level per se. In so far as diversification is related to spatial concentration of scientific research, the same effect should be visible at the city level. This hypothesis is addressed by disaggregation of the data at the level of cities. The analysis will show to what extent collaboration is biased in cities and whether the scale of cities is indeed affecting the propensity to collaborate. Finally, in the third part, the pattern of clustering among cities can indicate the emergence of national and trans-European clusters of cities. The latter type of clusters allows border cities that are peripheral with regard to the national distribution to increase their science base by means of local yet European collaboration. To the extent that this is true, European science policy should take into account the regional embeddedness of European collaborative projects. Furthermore it would imply that localities that are peripheral both in the national and the European sense face serious problems as their propensity to collaborate is expected to remain low. References Frenken, K. (2000) 'A complexity approach to innovation networks', Research Policy 29, 257-72. Frenken, K. (2001) 'Measuring European integration in scientific research', Paper presented at the ECIS Conference 'The Future of Innovation Studies', Eindhoven, The Netherlands, September
Applications of Evolutionary Economic Geography
No full textThis paper is written as the first chapter of an edited volume on evolutionary economics and economic geography (Frenken, K., editor, Applied Evolutionary Economics and Economic Geography, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, expected publication date February 2007). The paper reviews empirical applications of evolutionary economics in the field of economic geography. The review is divided in four parts: the micro-level of the firm, the meso-levels of industry and network, and the macro-level of spatial system. Some remarks on evolutionary policy in regional development are added as well as a short discussion of empirical problems that remain.
Applications of evolutionary economic geography
No full textThis paper is written as the first chapter of an edited volume on evolutionary economics and economic geography (Frenken, K., editor, Applied Evolutionary Economics and Economic Geography, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, expected publication date February 2007). The paper reviews empirical applications of evolutionary economics in the field of economic geography. The review is divided in four parts:
the micro-level of the firm, the meso-levels of industry and network, and the macro-level of spatial system. Some remarks on evolutionary policy in regional development are added as well as a short discussion of empirical problems that remain
Brainport Eindhoven: van slimste regio naar mondiaal knooppunt.
No full textHoewel Brainport Eindhoven vaak wordt geroemd als een van de
slimste regio’s van de wereld wordt volgens de Eindhovense
hoogleraar Frenken de kracht van Eindhoven niet voldoende
uitgebuit. Geografisch nabijheid van slimme mensen en bedrijven
is niet voldoende voor succes. Samenwerking en netwerkvorming
in de wereld zijn essentieel. Daarom moet beleid vooral gericht
zijn op de creatie van mondiale netwerke
The geography of internet infrastructure : an evolutionary simulation approach based on preferential attachment
No full textIn this paper, the evolution of infrastructure networks is modelled as a preferential attachment process. It is assumed that geographical distance and country borders provide barriers to link formation in infrastructure networks. The model is validated against empirical data on the European Internet infrastructure network covering 209 cities. The average path length and average clustering coefficient of the observed network are successfully simulated. Furthermore, the simulated network shows a significant correlation with the observed European Internet infrastructure network. The paper ends with a discussion on the future uses of preferential attachment models in the light of the literature on world cities and global cities
On scaling of scientific knowledge production in U.S. metropolitan areas
No full textData underlying the findings described in the study "On scaling of scientific knowledge production in U.S. metropolitan areas" by Önder Nomaler (School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands), Koen Frenken and Gaston Heimeriks (both Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Circular economy beyond manufacturing: exploring the challenges and opportunities for circularity in the hairdressing industry
No full textThe emergence of the circular economy (CE) as a transformative paradigm to achieve sustainable development has predominantly centred on manufacturing, leaving a significant void in exploring its applicability to service-based industries. Understanding the challenges and opportunities for implementing CE strategies in these contexts is crucial, as service businesses differ in their operations and often face unique challenges. This study utilises the hairdressing industry as a contextual lens to investigate the multifaceted manifestations of circularity within services. We conducted a systematic literature review of both academic and grey literature to examine CE approaches, including reducing, reusing, recycling, and recovery strategies, while emphasising their interconnections with environmental quality, economic prosperity, and social equity. Our results point to a bias toward recycling strategies with little attention being given to R-strategies like reduce, reuse and recover. We highlight a critical need to broaden circularity initiatives by coordinating resource efficient practices with waste management strategies. Additionally, we reveal a web of interrelated circularity and sustainability aspects that demonstrate both synergies (mutually beneficial interactions) and trade-offs (compromises) across and between these aspects. Our findings stress the importance of taking a systems perspective when examining CE initiatives, calling for thoughtful consideration of diverse pathways to achieve sustainability alongside careful evaluation of trade-offs against potential gains. The insights gleaned from this exploration in hairdressing hold promising implications for promoting integrated and socially equitable CE strategies in diverse service-based industries
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