1,720,972 research outputs found
The influence of nutrition labelling and logos on food purchasing behaviour in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
Get PDFThesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2017.ENGLISH SUMMARY : Introduction: Nutrition information on food labels is a population-based approach to nutrition education that enables consumers to make healthier food choices. In South Africa (SA) there has been a paucity of data on food and nutrition labelling and the consumer since the publication of the new food-labelling legislation.
Rationale: A better understanding of how consumers engage with nutrition information on food labels is required to make recommendations to improve education campaigns to assist consumers in making healthier food choices. Additionally, food-labelling factors that influence consumer food-purchasing behaviour, and expectations/barriers to reading nutrition information on labels, could assist in making recommendations for a single front-of-pack labelling scheme to be used in SA as well as for its development.
Methods: A multi-stage mixed-methods design was employed. In phase one, a cross-sectional, descriptive, interviewer-administered electronic survey was conducted on adult consumers (N=960) at 16 randomly selected grocery stores in four health districts of Cape Town (CT). In phase two, nine focus-group discussions (FGDs) were held with purposively selected consumers (N=67) to further explore phase one’s findings and what type of health- endorsement logos (HELs) are preferred and why. In phase three, ten HELs were developed by a graphic design company based on the data collected in previous phases. A modified Delphi technique, conducted with experts in the fields of nutrition/food science (N=19), was employed to eliminate lowest scoring HELs and to improve the design of the HELs. Participants from the initial survey and/or FGDs took part in pilot testing of the HELs during four FGDs.
Results: Main self-reported factors influencing food-purchasing behaviour included price, sell-by date and products on special/promotion, with price being the most important. Taste, brand loyalty, marketing and convenience were also major influencers. Less than half of participants indicated that nutrition information always influenced their product choice. The main reasons for not reading nutrition information included buying the same type of product all the time and being uninterested in the information. In exploring this further with FGDs, a lack of time, poor understanding of nutrition information (specifically the nutrition information table) and lack of trust in labelling information also emerged as important factors. The mean food and nutrition label knowledge score was 44%. The majority of participants preferred a single HEL to be used on food products as they don’t understand the various HELs used. Such a logo should include pictures/symbols directly related to health and/or food and should state “healthy choice”. During the pilot testing, three HELs (developed and improved during two rounds of scoring) received overall rankings of 3.08/5, 3.28/5 and 3.39/5 respectively.
Conclusion: CT consumers have poor food and nutrition label knowledge and nutrition information on food labels is not a major influencer of food-purchasing behaviour. Consumers struggle to understand the nutrition information provided and have expressed a need for a single HEL to be used. Consumer education on utilising the nutrition information on labels and the development of a single HEL for SA, could assist consumers to make healthier food choices and in turn address the high incidence of non-communicable diseases in SA.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : Inleiding: Voedingsinligting op voedseletikette is ‘n bevolkingsgebasseerde benadering tot voedingsopvoeding wat verbruikers in staat stel om gesonder voedselkeuses te maak. In Suid-Afrika (SA), sedert die publikasie van die nuwe voedseletiketteringswetgewing, is daar ‘n gebrek aan data oor voedsel- en voedingsetikettering en die verbruiker.
Rasionaal: ‘n Beter begrip van hoe verbruikers meegaan met voedingsinligting op voedseletikette word benodig om aanbevelings te kan maak om opvoedingsveldtogte te verbeter om verbruikers te help om gesonder voedselkeuses te maak. Daarbenewens, voedseletiketteringsfaktore wat die verbruiker se voedselaankope gedrag beïnvloed, asook verwagtinge/hindernisse tot die lees van voedingsinligting op etikette, kan help om aanbevelings te maak vir ‘n enkel voorkant-van-verpakking etikketeringsbenadering vir gebruik in SA en vir die ontwikkeling daarvan.
Metodes: ‘n Multi-stadium gemengde metodes ontwerp is gevolg. In fase een is ‘n deursnit, beskrywende, onderhoudvoerder-geadministreerde elektroniese opname gedoen met volwasse verbruikers (N=960) by 16 ewekansige geselekeerde kruidenierswinkels in vier gesondheidsdistrikte van Kaapstad. In fase twee is nege fokusgroep besprekings (FGBs) gehou met doelbewus geselekteerde verbruikers (N=67) om fase een bevindinge verder te ondersoek asook watter tipe gesondheidsonderskryfde logos (GOLs) word verkies en hoekom. ‘n Aangepaste Delphi tegniek is gebruik, met kundiges in die areas van voeding/voedselwetenskappe (N=19), om die GOLs met die laagste tellings te elimineer en die ontwerp van die GOLs te verbeter. Deelnemers van die aanvanklike opname en/of FGBs het deelgeneem aan die loodstudietoetsing van die GOLs tydens vier FGBs.
Resultate: Die belangrikste self-gerapporteerde faktore wat voedselaankope gedrag beïnvloed sluit in prys, vervaldatum en produkte op afslag/promosie, met prys die belangrikste. Smaak, handelsmerk lojaliteit, bemarking en gerief was ook belangrike invloede. Minder as die helfte van deelnemers het aangedui dat die voedingsinligting altyd hul produkkeuses beïnvloed. Die hoofredes waarom voedingsinligting nie gelees word nie sluit in: die koop van dieselfde tipe produkte deurgaans en verbruikers is nie geinteresseerd in die inligting nie. Met verdere ondersoek met behulp van FGBs, het ‘n gebrek aan tyd, swak begrip van voedingsinligting (spesifiek die voedingsinligtingstabel) en gebrek aan vertroue in etiketteringsinligting ook voorgekom as belangrike invloede. Die gemiddelde voedsel- en voedingsetiket kennis telling was 44%. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers sal ‘n enkel GOLs op voedselprodukte verkies aangesien hul nie die verskillende GOLs wat tans gebruik word verstaan nie. Hierdie logo moet prentjies/simbole wat direk verband hou met gesondheid en/of voedsel bevat en “healthy choice” moet daarop staan. Gedurende die loodstudietoetsing het drie GOLs (ontwikkel en verbeter deur twee rondtes waar tellings verskaf is), algehele posisies van 3.08/5, 3.28/5 en 3.39/5 onderskeidelik ontvang.
Samevatting: Verbruikers van Kaapstad het swak voeding- en voedseletiket kennis en voedingsinligting op etikette het nie ‘n groot invloed op voedselaankope gedrag nie. Verbruikers sukkel om die voedingsinligting wat verskaf word te verstaan en het die behoefte uitgespreek vir die gebruik van ‘n enkel GOL. Opvoeding van die verbruiker oor die gebruik van voedingsinligting op etikette en die ontwikkeling van ‘n enkel GOL vir SA, kan die verbruiker help om gesonder voedselkeuses te maak en sodoende die hoë insidensie van nie-oordraagbare siektes in SA aanspreek.Doctora
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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