121 research outputs found
Economic growth in low income countries: How the G20 can help to raise and sustain it
No full textThis paper aims to operationalise the G20 commitment to ensure that the benefits of global growth are shared with Low Income Countries. Growth is central to poverty reduction and the achievement of MDGs, and in developing countries it is episodic and volatile. However, while the current LICs have poor growth histories, the countries that started off the 1960s as LICs have had virtually the same average growth rates as other country groups. We review the evidence connecting long-run growth and growth accelerations and collapses to six areas of policy: trade, skills development, macro-stability, financial development, infrastructure investment and human development. Growth strategies have to be developed and owned by LIC governments and societies and they need to be tailored to individual country needs. However, there are some things which the G20 can do to help. We group these actions under three headings: mitigating downturns, boosting underlying growth rates and developing institutions and knowledge. A final annex describes how Korea’s spectacular growth strategy can be viewed through these lenses.growth, low income countries, G20
Immobilization of Antibody on a Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Surface with Functionalizable, Non-Biofouling Poly[Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate]
No full textWe report a perfluoroaryl azide-based photoreaction for synthesizing functionalizable and nonbiofouling poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (pOEGMA) films on a chemically inert COC substrate, and an estimation of a surface coverage of the antibody immobilized onto the surface with the immuno-gold nanoparticles. The processes were confirmed by water contact angle measurement, FT-IA spectroscopy, and FE-SEM. The strategy demonstrated in this work could be applied to functionalizations of other polymeric materials and determination of the binding capacity of analytes in biosensors and microfluidic devices
Parametric study on the flight envelope of a radio-frequency ion thruster based atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system
No full textThe atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) system utilizes atmospheric species as propellants to generate thrust for drag compensation of a satellite in very-low-Earth-orbit (VLEO). A parametric approach is used to assess the impact of different parameters on the flight envelope of a sample VLEO satellite with an ABEP system based on a radio-frequency ion thruster (RIT). The considered parameters include capture efficiency, maximum input power, solar activity, and atomic oxygen recombination factor. The NRLMSIS 2.0 atmosphere model is used to determine the flow conditions at VLEO, at a target altitude of 150–300 km with high, moderate, and low solar activity levels. DSMC method is employed to calculate the drag of the sample satellite with the ABEP system. The 0-D model of the RIT discharge chamber is used to predict the thrust of the RIT-based ABEP system. The flight envelope of a sample RIT-based ABEP system shows that drag can be compensated at altitudes between 196 km and 248 km. Increasing capture efficiency and maximum input power expands the feasible range for drag compensation to higher and lower altitudes, respectively. Also, the flight envelope shifts to higher altitudes with increasing solar activity levels. However, the atomic oxygen recombination factor of the intake device has minimal effects on the flight envelope.
Intramolecular hydroamidation of alkenes enabling asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams via transposed NiH catalysis
No full textSynthetic methods for constructing enantioenriched β-lactams are highly valuable given their ubiquity in bioactive compounds, most notably in antibiotics such as penicillins and carbapenems. Intramolecular hydroamidation of β,γ-unsaturated amides would provide a convenient means to reach this alluring chemical space, yet it remains limited due to the regioselectivity issue arising from the difficulty associated with the formation of strained four-membered rings. Here we describe a NiH-catalysed strategy that addresses this challenge through the use of readily accessible alkenyl dioxazolone derivatives. The reaction transcends the conventional NiH operation mode via a transposed mechanism initiated by N-activation, thus allowing for proximal C–N bond formation with excellent regioselectivity, regardless of the electronic properties of substituents. This mechanistic platform is also highly effective for the enantioselective intramolecular hydroamidation of alkenes to enable a convenient access to enantioenriched β-lactams. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.11Nsciescopu
2013 경제발전경험모듈화사업 : ICT 연구개발체계 수립
No full textAcronyms and Glossary
Summary
Chapter 1 Objectives and Achievements
1. The Evolution and Achievement of Government ICT R&D in Korea
2. Input and Output of ICT R&D
Chapter 2 Backgrounds and Needs
Chapter 3 Strategy and System
1. Strategy for Policy Making and Implementation
2. Funding for Public ICT R&D
Chapter 4 Specifics of Policies
1. ICT R&D Policy during the Basic Competence Reinforcement Period (1960~1986)
2. ICT R&D Policy during the Infrastructure Construction Period (1987~2003)·
3. ICT R&D Policy during the Demand and Supply Mutual Growth Period (2004~2007)
4. ICT R&D Policy for ICT Convergence Period (2008~2010)
Chapter 5 Evaluation
1. TDX (Time Division Exchangers)
2. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Technology Development
3. Case of WiBro Technology Development
Chapter 6 Implications for Developing Countries
1. Preparing the Ground
2. Nuturing the Soil
3. Removing the Weeds
4. Watering Innovation
5. The Role of Government in ICT R&D
Reference
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