1,721,017 research outputs found
Religious Tolerance in Islamic Theology : Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī on Freedom of Religious Belief
No full textThis chapter investigates the possibility of an Islamic concept of religious tolerance by asking how one canonical Sunnī author, the twelfth-century theologian Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210 CE), interprets those Qurʾānic verses (especially 2:256, but also 4:94 and 10:99) that are commonly introduced in support of contemporary arguments for an Islamic concept of tolerance.peerReviewe
Common Good and Individual Good
No full textThis chapter explores medieval Latin developments that led to the separation of the common good and the good of an individual. It starts by presenting two different explanations for why acting morally well is difficult: either morality demands aiming for the common good at the expense of one’s own good, or it requires developing a virtuous character and recognizing that one’s true good aligns with actions that promote the common good. Based on earlier research, it is suggested that the latter view (eudaemonism) was replaced by the former (ethical anti-egoism) during late medieval period. The chapter focuses on moral psychology, examining the identity between the individual good and the common good, the challenge of self-sacrifice to this identity, and the role of moral motivation in the development of the distinction between the individual and the common good.peerReviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Aika ja ajattomuus
Get PDFAjatteluperinteemme suosittaa, että todellista on ainakin
se, minkä kanssa olemme välittömästi tekemisissä.
Kuinka välitön on varmasti jotakin, mikä on, voi kysyä. Se
mikä on tässä ja nyt? 'Tässä' on ajaton ja 'nyt' on
ajallinen määre, ja aiheeni on ajallinen ja ajaton – puhun
tosin enemmän ajasta kuin ajattomuudesta
- …
