152 research outputs found
Palindromic richness
No full textIn this paper, we study combinatorial and structural properties of a new class of finite and infinite words that are 'rich' in palindromes in the utmost sense. A characteristic property of the so-called rich words is that all complete returns to any palindromic factor are themselves palindromes. These words encompass the well-known episturmian words, originally introduced by the second author together with Droubay and Pirillo in 2001 [X. Droubay, J. Justin, G. Pirillo, Episturmian words and some constructions of de Luca and Rauzy, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 255 (2001) 539-553]. Other examples of rich words have appeared in many different contexts. Here we present the first unified approach to the study of this intriguing family of words. Amongst our main results, we give an explicit description of the periodic rich infinite words and show that the recurrent balanced rich infinite words coincide with the balanced episturmian words. We also consider two wider classes of infinite words, namely weakly rich words and almost rich words (both strictly contain all rich words, but neither one is contained in the other). In particular, we classify all recurrent balanced weakly rich words. As a consequence, we show that any such word on at least three letters is necessarily episturmian; hence weakly rich words obey Fraenkel's conjecture. Likewise, we prove that a certain class of almost rich words obeys Fraenkel's conjecture by showing that the recurrent balanced ones are episturmian or contain at least two distinct letters with the same frequency. Lastly, we study the action of morphisms on (almost) rich words with particular interest in morphisms that preserve (almost) richness. Such morphisms belong to the class of P-morphisms that was introduced by Hof, Knill, and Simon in 1995 [A. Hof, O. Knill, B. Simon, Singular continuous spectrum for palindromic Schrödinger operators, Comm. Math. Phys. 174 (1995) 149-159]
Erratum: Functional role of T-cell receptor nanoclusters in signal initiation and antigen discrimination
No full textIMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION: Correction for "Functional role of T-cell receptor nanoclusters in signal initiation and antigen discrimination," by Sophie V. Pageon, Thibault Tabarin, Yui Yamamoto, Yuanqing Ma, John S. Bridgeman, André Cohnen, Carola Benzing, Yijun Gao, Michael D. Crowther, Katie Tungatt, Garry Dolton, Andrew K. Sewell, David A. Price, Oreste Acuto, Robert G. Parton, J. Justin Gooding, Jérémie Rossy, Jamie Rossjohn, and Katharina Gaus, which appeared in issue 37, September 13, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (113:E5454-5463; first published August 29, 2016; 10.1073/pnas.1607436113). The authors note that Philip R. Nicovich should be added to the author list between Yuanqing Ma and John S. Bridgeman. Philip R. Nicovich should be credited with contributing new reagents/analytic tools. The corrected author line, affiliation line, and author contributions appear below. The online version has been corrected
Reading Kazuo Ishiguro as an International Author
No full textKazuo Ishiguro je mezinárodně uznávaným spisovatelem a také tématem této práce. Je autorem knih jako Soumrak dne (Remains of the Day), Neopouštěj mě (Never Let Me Go) nebo Klára a slunce (Klara and the Sun). Ishiguro je původem z Japonska, ale jeho rodina se přestěhovala do Anglie, když mu bylo pět let. Tyto země měly velký dopad na jeho literární začátky. Hlavním záměrem práce je popsat cestu Ishigury od jeho "lokálně anglických/japonských" spisovatelských pořátků k přeměně na kosmopolitního autora. K pochopení této cesty stručně popisuji jeho beletrii z minulého století. Hlouběji rozebírám jeho tři knihy z 21. století, Neopouštěj mě (Never Let Me Go), Pohřbený obr (The Buried Giant) a Klára a slunce (Klara and the Sun) a povídku 'A Village After Dark' (nepřeloženo). Vrcholem kariéry jakéhokoli autora je získání významné ceny. Pro Ishigura tím bylo udělení Nobelovy ceny za literaturu roku 2017, což je podstatné pro jeho mezinárodnost. Pro zdůraznění Ishigurových schopností psát pro mezinárodní publikum se zaměřuji na hlavní témata jeho příběhů. Rozebírám je s cílem zdůraznit úmyslný odklon od kulturních specifik a naopak, soustředění se na mezikulturní myšlenky, jako například lidskost a vzpomínky. Dále je pro práci zásadní přechod Ishigury do jiných knižních žánrů, tedy odchýlení se od historického realismu. To mu umožnilo vytvořit nezapomenutelné příběhy přesahující národní záležitosti.ObhájenoThe thesis explores the internationally recognized novelist Kazuo Ishiguro, author of The Remains of the Day, Never Let Me Go and Klara and the Sun, to mention the most acclaimed books. The start of his career and thereby his initial novels deal with Japan and England, two of his homelands. Ishiguro is originally from Japan, but his family moved to England when he was five years old. The main purpose of the thesis is to describe Ishiguro's path from being a "local English/Japanese writer" to becoming a cosmopolitan one. To understand this journey, I will briefly describe his novel from the previous century. A deeper analysis is dedicated to his three novels from the 21st century, Never Let Me Go, The Buried Giant and Klara and the Sun, and a short story 'A Village After Dark'. The utmost highlight of any writer's career is the earning of a major award. Therefore, the Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Ishiguro in 2017 is of great importance to his "internationality" and likewise to this thesis. To emphasize Ishiguro's ability to write for the international audience, I will detail the major themes in his stories and dissect them to outline his intentional avoidance of cultural topics to focus on transcultural ideas, meaning themes of humanity. Furthermore, the exploration of different genres is of great concern to this thesis. Those diversions from Ishiguro's original historical realism allowed him to create unforgettable stories transcending national matters
Essential constituents of the content of the liturgical activitiesperformed according to Justin Martyr and their evolution
No full textIn the First Apology of Justin Martyr we find information about Christians and their practice of celebrating the Eucharist. In this work, the reading of the word was also described, which consisted of: one reading, preaching, oratio universalis, and also the kiss of peace during the administration of the sacrament of initiation together with the Holy Mass. The author of the article, using sources earlier than the First Apology, as well as those dated over a dozen or several decades after it, tries to present the contemporary state of the liturgy of the word along with its elements and its development. This allowed the identification and closer approach to the essential components of the liturgical activities performed during the Eucharist celebrated in the second centuryW Apologii pierwszej św. Justyna Męczennika znajdujemy informacje o chrześcijanach i ich praktyce sprawowania Eucharystii. W dziele tym została opisana także lektura słowa, która składała się z jednej lektury, przepowiadania, oratio universalis, a także z pocałunku pokoju w czasie udzielania sakramentu inicjacji w czasie Mszy Świętej. Autor artykułu, korzystając ze źródeł wcześniejszych niż 1 Apologia, jak i tych datowanych na kilkanaście lub kilkadziesiąt lat po niej, starał się przybliżyć ówczesny stan liturgii słowa wraz z jej elementami oraz jej rozwój. Pozwoliło to na wskazanie i przybliżenie istotnych składników czynności liturgicznych sprawowanych w czasie Eucharystii celebrowanej w II wieku
"I Have Not Met a More Profound and Intelligent Orthodox Theologian than Him": John Zizioulas in the Letters of Holy Father Justin (Popović)
No full textIn this study, the author offers an answer to the question: what does Justin Popović think and write about his young contemporary, professor of theology, John Zizioulas? Analyzing the personal correspondence of Popović, Zizioulas and Atanasije Jevtić, he concludes that all the fragments in Justin’s letters where Zizioulas is mentioned are extremely affirmative and testify to the Elder’s love for the young theologian. Professor Zizioulas is »dear Zizula« for Father Justin, he regularly sends him his greeting, prays for him, wants him to grow up in holy virtues, considers him a worthy student of Father George Florovsky, and concludes, after his personal meeting, that »he has never met a deeper and more intelligent Orthodox theologian« than him. St. Justin is also completely aware of the ecumenical activities of Zizioulas and has no problem with that. On the contrary, he gave the highest praises about him in the period when Prof. John was a very active ecumenical worker. This article proves the thesis that, according to the opinion of both Zizioulas and Popović, Orthodoxy must be present in the ecumenical dialogue, as a Church open to diversity, and not as a confession closed in on itself. Zizioulas shows this through personal engagement in ecumenical dialogue and Justin wholeheartedly supports him in this, according to their correspondence from 1966. to 1971. That is why zealot-minded anti-ecumenists cannot refer to Father Justin as a man who was against a healthy and theologically established ecumenical dialogue. Fr. Justin was actively supportive of every patristically founded »ecumenist«, such as Zizioulas.Avtor v prispevku odgovarja na vprašanje: kaj Justin Popović misli in piše o svojem mladem sodobniku, profesorju teologije Janezu Zizioulasu? Z analizo osebne korespondence Popovića, Zizioulasa in Atanasija Jevtića ugotavlja, da so vsi fragmenti v Justinovih pismih, kjer je omenjen Zizioulas, izjemno naklonjeni in pričajo o ljubezni starca do mladega teologa. Profesor Zizioulas je za patra Justina »dragi Zizula«, redno mu pošilja pozdrave, moli zanj, želi, da raste v svetih krepostih, ima ga za vrednega učenca patra Jurija Florovskega in po osebnem srečanju ugotavlja, da »globljega in bolj inteligentnega pravoslavnega teologa« od njega še ni srečal. Justin se dobro zaveda tudi ekumenskega delovanja Zizioulasa in s tem nima težav. Nasprotno, največ pohvale mu je dal v času, ko je bil prof. Zizioulas zelo aktiven ekumenski delavec. Članek potrjuje tezo, da mora biti po mnenju tako Zizioulasa kot Popovića Pravoslavna cerkev prisotna v ekumenskem dialogu in odprta za različnost, ne pa da kot veroizpoved ostaja zaprta vase. Zizioulas to kaže z osebnim angažmajem v ekumenskem dialogu in Justin ga pri tem iskreno podpira, sodeč po njunem dopisovanju od leta 1966 do 1971. Zato goreči nasprotniki ekumenizma patra Justina ne morejo označevati kot človeka, ki je bil proti zdravemu in teološko uveljavljenemu ekumenskemu dialogu. Pater Justin je aktivno podpiral vsakega patristično utemeljenega »ekumenista«, kot je bil tudi Zizioulas
Half a century of development economics : a review based on the"Handbook of Development Economics"
No full textDevelopment economics has made remarkable progress in 50 years, says the author, summarizing changes in the field since Nehru's first proposals for an independent India. Synthesizing insights about changes in the field from the many contributors to the"Handbook of Development Economics,"the author observes (among other things): 1) Different schools of thought may dominate, but the range of research has broadened. Economics has"hardened"as its practitioners have learned to use data more carefully and to reason more rigorously. 2) The policy message has been turned upside down. Gone is the idea that development is industrialization and that the main policy problem is to manage the interface between country and city. Today urbanization and industrialization are viewed as mere components of an integrated transformation, in which the expansion of foreign trade is central. Traditional institutions are viewed with far more understanding, because overhasty modernization has often proved counterproductive. 3) More than ever, development is seen as a"whole replacement"process, the key to which is mastery of Northern technology--now understood to be both simpler and more complex than previously thought. Simpler, because much technology is uncomplicated, and complex because even simple technology requires ingenuity and a costly investment in adaptations. 4) There has been a radical change in economists'view of market agents and policymakers. Gone are the days when economists thought their advice should be aimed mainly at planners. Policymakers are utility maximizers, too. Employees of state enterprises coalesce into powerful interest groups that block efforts to raise productivity. The new thinking is sometimes modified by evoking the vague concept of"governance,"under which the economist's view is to help design a system of interacting state and private institutions that, led by the state, cooperate in achieving social goals. Whether something useful will come from this line of thinking remains to be seen. The author detects major gaps in economists'undrstanding of development, suggesting a particular need for further study of collective action (a far more pervasive component of human action than is realized) and the selection of roles by individuals and the costly investment this entails (a concept that may shed light on Schumpeter's well-known but little-studied entrepreneur).Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Decentralization,Health Economics&Finance,Poverty Assessment,Achieving Shared Growth,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Rich, Sturmian, and trapezoidal words
No full textIn this paper we explore various interconnections between rich words, Sturmian words, and trapezoidal words. Rich words, first introduced by the second and third authors together with J. Justin and S. Widmer, constitute a new class of finite and infinite words characterized by having the maximal number of palindromic factors. Every finite Sturmian word is rich, but not conversely. Trapezoidal words were first introduced by the first author in studying the behavior of the subword complexity of finite Sturmian words. Unfortunately this property does not characterize finite Sturmian words. In this note we show that the only trapezoidal palindromes are Sturmian. More generally we show that Sturmian palindromes can be characterized either in terms of their subword complexity (the trapezoidal property) or in terms of their palindromic complexity. We also obtain a similar characterization of rich palindromes in terms of a relation between palindromic complexity and subword complexity
Cite Share Publisher Correction: TDP-43 gains function due to perturbed autoregulation in a Tardbp knock-in mouse model of ALS-FTD
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the footnote number 17 was missing from the author list for the two authors who contributed equally. Also, the authors have added a middle initial for author Justin R. Fallon and an acknowledgement to the Babraham Institute Imaging Facility and Sequencing Core Facility. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the articl
Erratum to: TDP-43 gains function due to perturbed autoregulation in a Tardbp knock-in mouse model of ALS-FTD (Nature Neuroscience, (2018), 21, 4, (552-563), 10.1038/s41593-018-0113-5)
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the footnote number 17 was missing from the author list for the two authors who contributed equally. Also, the authors have added a middle initial for author Justin R. Fallon and an acknowledgement to the Babraham Institute Imaging Facility and Sequencing Core Facility. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Timing Measurement Platform for Arbitrary Black-Box Circuits Based on Transition Probability
No full text03.06.13 KB. Ok to add the author version to Spira
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