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Utforsking i matematikk. En kvalitativ studie av fem læreres erfaringer på mellomtrinnet
Get PDFUtforsking i matematikk har fått et økt fokus med den nye læreplanen LK20. Formålet med denne masteroppgaven er å undersøke hvordan lærere forstår utforsking i matematikk, og på hvilken måte de benytter dette i sin matematikkundervisning på mellomtrinnet.
Forskningsprosjektet består av en kvalitativ studie, med utgangspunkt i en fenomenologisk til-nærming. Empirien i undersøkelsen er basert på fem lærere som underviser i matematikk på mellomtrinnet. For å få innblikk i lærerens erfaringer og tanker har empirien blitt samlet inn gjennom semistrukturerte intervju, der lærernes erfaringer og opplevelser har dannet grunnlaget for prosjektet.
Resultatene viser at lærerne har en tilnærmet lik forståelse av hva utforsking i matematikk er. Mine funn viser at lærerne er enige i at utforsking i matematikk går ut på at elevene skal prøve selv, at lærer ikke skal gi dem løsningsmetodene med en gang, at elevene skal kommunisere sammen om egne tanker, og se sammenhenger innad og på tvers av matematikken. Lærerne er positive til å gjennomføre utforsking i matematikkundervisningen, men det kommer også frem noen utfordringer knyttet til tid, oppgavevalg og lærerkompetanse. Lærers kompetanse får et viktig fokus knyttet til lærers påvirkning av undervisningen, og kompetansehevning vektlegges. Hvordan de ønsker å benytte seg av utforsking i matematikkundervisning foreligger det ulike tanker om. Utforsking i matematikk benyttes både i tverrfaglige prosjekt, og i den daglige matematikkundervisningen. I den daglige matematikkundervisningen er det enighet i at det gjerne benyttes i starten av undervisningen, gjerne ved å introdusere en oppgave med høye kognitive krav. Slike oppgaver kjennetegnes ved at det er rom for elever på alle nivåer til å arbeide med oppgaven på sitt nivå, samtidig som det er flere løsninger og løsningsmetoder. Ut fra resultatene viser forskningen at informantene mener utforsking i matematikk er en viktig del av matematikkundervisningen, og bør brukes mer tid på i undervisningen fremover.
Abstract:
The research project consists of a qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach. The empirical data in the survey is based on five teachers who teach mathematics at the inter-mediate level. To gain insight into the teacher's experiences and thoughts, the empirical data has been collected through a semi-structured interview, where the teachers' experiences have formed the basis for the project.
The results show that teachers have an almost equal understanding of what exploration in mathematics is. My findings show that teachers agree that exploration in mathematics means that students should try for themselves, that teachers should not give them the solution meth-ods right away, that students should communicate together about their own thoughts, and see connections within and across mathematics.
The teachers are positive about conducting exploration in mathematics teaching, but there are also some challenges related to time, choice of tasks and teacher competence. The teacher's competence is given an important focus in connection with the teacher's influence on the teaching, and competence development is emphasized. There are different ideas about how they want to use exploration in mathematics teaching. Exploration in mathematics is used both in interdisciplinary projects and in the daily mathematics teaching. In the daily mathe-matics teaching, there is agreement that it is often used at the beginning of the teaching, often by introducing a task with high cognitive requirements. These tasks are characterized by the fact that there is room for students at all levels to work on the assignment at their own level, at the same time as there are several solutions and solution methods. Based on the results, the research shows that the informants believe that exploration in mathematics is an important part of mathematics teaching, and more time should be spent on teaching it in the future
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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