192 research outputs found
Klepp, Knut-Inge, Biswalo, Paul M. & Talle, Aud, eds. - Young People at Risk. Fighting AIDS in Northen Tanzania
No full textGausset Quentin, Mogensen Hanne O. Klepp, Knut-Inge, Biswalo, Paul M. & Talle, Aud, eds. - Young People at Risk. Fighting AIDS in Northen Tanzania. In: Cahiers d'études africaines, vol. 37, n°145, 1997. pp. 240-243
Sosialpsykologisk atferdsteori: Praktiske konsekvenser for helseundevisning i skolen
No full textMålet med hälsoundervisning i skolan är bland annat att påverka elevernas hälsorelaterade beteende. I denna artikel visar Knut-Inge Klepp hur man med utgångspunkt i generella modeller för beteende kan analysera faktorer som påverkar de ungas hälsobeteende. Med exempel från en kursplan om näring och kosthåll för åk 7 visar han hur elevernas eget engagemang och kunskaper kan utnyttjas. Lärarens roll i undervisningen blir att vara initiativtagare, tillrättaläggare, vägledare och inspiratör, samtidigt som läraren kan hjälpa eleverna till att tillägna sig sociala och praktiska färdigheter nödvändiga för att kunna välja hälsobefrämjande handlingsalternativ
Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health in East and Southern Africa
No full textIn Africa, as in many parts of the world, adolescent reproductive health is a controversial issue for policy makers and programme planners. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV and AIDS and to a host of other problems such as sexually transmitted infection, unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortions, sexual abuse, female genital mutilation and unsafe circumcision. Yet many countries don't have adolescent health policies and much remains to be done to ensure that adolescents can access appropriate sexual and reproductive health services. Articulating new perspectives and strategies to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health, the authors of this volume, comprise a network of researchers working in east and southern Africa. They make a unique attempt to bring together the social and biomedical sciences and to disseminate concrete empirical evidence from existing programmes, carefully analysing what works and what doesn't at the local level. The chapters are built on the premise that sexual and reproductive health behaviour is multifaceted and that interventions must operate on several levels - individual, organisational and governmental - and must reach young people in schools, communities, workplaces, and health-care institutions. Cognisant of recent research and the ethical difficulties facing researchers, the authors provide practical guidance for practitioners and policymakers wishing to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health at the policy and institutional levels and in local communities.Contents: Part I. Policy and Theory Informing Practice -- 1. Public Policy: A Tool to Promote Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health / Yogan Pillay & Alan J. Flisher -- 2. Social Cognition Models and Social Cognitive Theory: Predicting Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa / Leif E. Aarø, Herman Schaalma & Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm -- 3. Health Education and the Promotion of Reproductive Health: Theory and Evidence-Based Development and Diffusion of Intervention Programmes / Herman Schaalma & Sylvia F. Kaaya -- 4. Ethical Dilemmas in Adolescent Reproductive Health Promotion / Gro Th. Lie -- Part II. Contextual aspects of adolescent Sexual and reproductive Health -- 5. From Initiation Rituals to AIDS Education: Entering Adulthood at the Turn of the Millenium / Graziella Van den Bergh -- 6. Illegal Abortion among Adolescents in Dar es Salaam / Vibeke Rasch & Margrethe Silberschmidt -- 7. Adolescent Sexuality and the AIDS Epidemic in Tanzania: what Has Gone wrong? / Melkizedeck T. Leshabari, Sylvia F. Kaaya & Anna Tengia-Kessy -- 8. To Risk or not To Risk? Is It a Question? Sexual Debut, Poverty and Vulnerability in Times of HIV: A Case from Kigoma Region, Tanzania / Graziella Van den Bergh -- Part III. Addressing the Needs of adolescents: arenas for action -- 9. Peer Education for Adolescent Reproductive Health: An Effective Method for Program Delivery, a Powerful Empowerment Strategy, or Neither? / Sheri Bastien, Alan J. Flisher, Catherine Mathews & Knut-Inge Klepp -- 10. Adolescent-Friendly Health Services in Uganda / John Arube-Wani, Jessica Jitta & Lillian Mpabulungi Ssengooba -- 11. Quality of Care: Assessing Nurses’ and Midwives’ Attitudes towards Adolescents with Sexual and Reproductive Health Problems / Elisabeth Faxelid, Joyce Musandu, Irene Mushinge, Eva Nissen & Mathilde Zvinavashe -- Part IV. Evaluation and review of Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 12. Evaluating Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions in Southern and Eastern Africa / Alan J. Flisher, Wanjiru Mukoma & Johann Louw -- 13. A Systematic Review of School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes in South Africa / Wanjiru Mukoma & Alan J. Flisher</p
Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health in East and Southern Africa
No full textIn Africa, as in many parts of the world, adolescent reproductive health is a controversial issue for policy makers and programme planners. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to HIV and AIDS and to a host of other problems such as sexually transmitted infection, unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortions, sexual abuse, female genital mutilation and unsafe circumcision. Yet many countries don't have adolescent health policies and much remains to be done to ensure that adolescents can access appropriate sexual and reproductive health services. Articulating new perspectives and strategies to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health, the authors of this volume, comprise a network of researchers working in east and southern Africa. They make a unique attempt to bring together the social and biomedical sciences and to disseminate concrete empirical evidence from existing programmes, carefully analysing what works and what doesn't at the local level. The chapters are built on the premise that sexual and reproductive health behaviour is multifaceted and that interventions must operate on several levels - individual, organisational and governmental - and must reach young people in schools, communities, workplaces, and health-care institutions. Cognisant of recent research and the ethical difficulties facing researchers, the authors provide practical guidance for practitioners and policymakers wishing to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health at the policy and institutional levels and in local communities.Contents: Part I. Policy and Theory Informing Practice -- 1. Public Policy: A Tool to Promote Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health / Yogan Pillay & Alan J. Flisher -- 2. Social Cognition Models and Social Cognitive Theory: Predicting Sexual and Reproductive Behaviour among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa / Leif E. Aarø, Herman Schaalma & Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm -- 3. Health Education and the Promotion of Reproductive Health: Theory and Evidence-Based Development and Diffusion of Intervention Programmes / Herman Schaalma & Sylvia F. Kaaya -- 4. Ethical Dilemmas in Adolescent Reproductive Health Promotion / Gro Th. Lie -- Part II. Contextual aspects of adolescent Sexual and reproductive Health -- 5. From Initiation Rituals to AIDS Education: Entering Adulthood at the Turn of the Millenium / Graziella Van den Bergh -- 6. Illegal Abortion among Adolescents in Dar es Salaam / Vibeke Rasch & Margrethe Silberschmidt -- 7. Adolescent Sexuality and the AIDS Epidemic in Tanzania: what Has Gone wrong? / Melkizedeck T. Leshabari, Sylvia F. Kaaya & Anna Tengia-Kessy -- 8. To Risk or not To Risk? Is It a Question? Sexual Debut, Poverty and Vulnerability in Times of HIV: A Case from Kigoma Region, Tanzania / Graziella Van den Bergh -- Part III. Addressing the Needs of adolescents: arenas for action -- 9. Peer Education for Adolescent Reproductive Health: An Effective Method for Program Delivery, a Powerful Empowerment Strategy, or Neither? / Sheri Bastien, Alan J. Flisher, Catherine Mathews & Knut-Inge Klepp -- 10. Adolescent-Friendly Health Services in Uganda / John Arube-Wani, Jessica Jitta & Lillian Mpabulungi Ssengooba -- 11. Quality of Care: Assessing Nurses’ and Midwives’ Attitudes towards Adolescents with Sexual and Reproductive Health Problems / Elisabeth Faxelid, Joyce Musandu, Irene Mushinge, Eva Nissen & Mathilde Zvinavashe -- Part IV. Evaluation and review of Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 12. Evaluating Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions in Southern and Eastern Africa / Alan J. Flisher, Wanjiru Mukoma & Johann Louw -- 13. A Systematic Review of School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes in South Africa / Wanjiru Mukoma & Alan J. Flisher</p
Unwanted Pregnancy and Induced Abortion Among Female Youths: A Case Study of Temeke District
No full textUnwanted pregnancy is the major cause of induced abortion, one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the world. Hundreds of thousands of women become pregnant without intending to, and many of them decide to end the pregnancies into abortion. Youth are more susceptible to unwanted pregnancies; this may be explained by the fact that premarital sexual activity is very common and reported to be on the rise in all parts of the world. This could be explained by the fact that youths are facing various problems with regards to their reproductive health needs including contraceptive use e.g. lack of information, misinformation, fear of side effects as well as social, cultural and economic barriers in accessing the family planning services, economic problems, violence as well as cultural and social beliefs. The study assessed the magnitude of unwanted pregnancies and induced abortion among female youths aged 15-24 years in Temeke district. Specifically the study was trying to examine the association between the magnitude of unwanted pregnancies and induced abortion among youths with other factors like contraceptive knowledge and use, socio demographic characteristics, socio cultural factors and sexual factors. Methodology : A cross sectional study, was conducted among 454 youths aged 15-24 years in Temeke district in Dar es Salaam using a Semi structured questionnaire , the respondents were being interviewed after they or their parents/guardian give a consent to the Prime investigator or research assistants. The mean age for fist sexual intercourse was 18 years. 57 % of the study respondents agreed to have used contraceptives, 33 % of all the pregnancies had unwanted pregnancy and 26 % of them ended up into abortions, out of all the abortions 87 % were induced. Out of all the abortions 74 % were the result of an unwanted pregnancy with P value of 0.001.Single youths were found to have more likely hood of having unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion with the proportion of 78 % (P=0.001) and 59 % (P=0.001) respectively. Students were more likely to have unwanted pregnancy, 83% (P =0.001) and induced abortion with the proportion of 83% (P =0.004). The prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion were high, and most of the induced abortion was the result of unwanted pregnancy. There was low utilization of contraceptives among female youths but its association with the rate of unwanted pregnancy was found not to be statistically significant. Female youths who were single, unmarried and students were found to have high likelihood of having unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion. I would recommend that the Ministry of health and Social welfare in partnership with other implementing partners , local and international to focus their strategies to the ins school programming , addressing the need of the in school female youth on reproductive health issues. Different partners in partnership with the Government to address the issue of unemployment among female youths, to improve their economic status, hence for them to be able to take care of themselves as well as their children and to conduct a qualitative study in the community especially rural settings in order for them to have an in depth discussion with regard to unwanted pregnancies and induced abortion in order to compliment the findings from his study. This is because this study was conducted in semi urban area of which the results could be different from the rural settings
Comparing condom use with different types of partners : evidence from national HIV surveys in Africa
No full textBased on nationally representative samples from 13 Sub-Saharan African countries, this paper reinforces and expands previous findings that condom use in general is low in this region, men report using condoms more frequently than women, and unmarried individuals report they use condoms more frequently than married individuals with their spouse. Based on descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, the authors also demonstrate to a degree not previously shown in the current literature that married men from most countries report using condoms with extramarital partners about as frequently as unmarried men. However, married women from most countries included use condoms with extramarital partners less frequently than unmarried women. This result is especially troubling because marriage usually ensures regular sexual intercourse, providing more opportunities to pass HIV from extramarital partner to spouse than an unmarried person who may also have multiple partners but not as regular sexual intercourse.Population Policies,Gender and Health,Adolescent Health,HIV AIDS,Gender and Law
Changes in accessibility and preferences predict children's future fruit and vegetable intake
No full textAbstract Background Most children eat fewer fruits and vegetables than recommended. To be able to design effective interventions, understanding the aetiology of the behaviour is important. Accessibility and preferences have shown to be strong correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in several cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of future fruit and vegetable intake and to explore longitudinal patterns of interactions between accessibility and preferences. Methods Data presented are based on baseline (September 2001) and follow-up (May/June 2002) surveys of 20 control schools in the Norwegian intervention study Fruits and Vegetables Make the Marks. A total of 816 pupils (77%) completed both baseline and follow-up questionnaires. The average age of the sample at baseline was 11.8 years. The research instrument assessing potential predictor variables was guided by Social Cognitive Theory, and included Accessibility at home, Accessibility at school, Modelling, Intention, Preferences, Self-Efficacy and Awareness of the 5-a-day recommendations. Multiple regression analyses were performed. Results All independent variables (measured at baseline) were significantly correlated to future fruit and vegetable intake (measured at follow-up). When reported fruit and vegetable intake at baseline (past intake) was included in this model, the effect of the other independent variables diminished. Together with past intake, the observed change in the independent variables from baseline to follow-up explained 43% of the variance in the reported intake at follow-up. Past intake remained the strongest predictor, but changes in accessibility at home and at school, as well as changes in preferences for fruits and vegetables, also explained significant amounts of the variance in fruit and vegetable intake at follow-up. In addition, baseline accessibility was found to moderate the relationship between change in preferences and change in intake. Conclusion Change in accessibility and preferences appear to be important predictors of future fruit and vegetable intake among school children. Interventions should focus on strategies to modify these factors.</p
Diet Habits Among Youths. Nutritional Education in a Local Community, 1990
No full textThe purpose of the project was to examine the nutritional habits of 7th grade students at four different schools in Bergen. Information was gathered about diets and nutrition, meals, cooking habits, leisure activities, relationship to friends ,alcohol, and school. A postal self-completion form was districuted to 1633 pupils
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