1,720,960 research outputs found
The greenhouse gas inventory of the Province of Siena
No full textAs a result of increasing warnings by members of the scientific community about the possible harmful effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988, in order to assess the available scientific, technical, and socioeconomic information concerning possible future climate change. The aim of our project is to use the "Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories," in order to conduct a Greenhouse Gas Inventory for the province of Siena. This will quantify greenhouse gas sources and sinks at a local (provincial government) level. The inventory will be useful when governing bodies discuss community planning, where that planning may have an impact on the size of the sources and sinks. We conducted our inventory with data from the years 1999 and 2000. The Siena province emitted 1818 Gg (gigagrams) of CO2 into the atmosphere in the year 1999, due to the combustion of fossil fuels for energy purposes. The major contributors to this emission are natural gas, diesel fuel, gasoline and blended fuel oil, in descending order of importance. A significant portion of the CO2 derives from combustion outside the province, by the national electric power provider. However, the large presence of rural areas and woods within the Siena province contributes to a calculated CO2 sequestration of approximately 1119 Gg CO2. Global Warming Potentials of the greenhouse gases are utilized: the net result is that the forests may balance approximately 60% of the greenhouse gas arising from the province's fossil fuel usage and the methane produced by its solid waste disposal sites
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
CO2 emissions and emergy indices: does a correlation exist?
No full textCarbon dioxide represents only 0.03% of total atmospheric gas composition but it is nevertheless essential for life in the biosphere. Projections Of CO2-induced climate change may remain equivocal, yet a growing scientific consensus supports a predicted 2-4degreesC temperature increase in this century, which will likely affect all the processes and cycles within the biosphere. Two human activities, in particular, contribute dramatically to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration: the combustion of fossil fuels (with the ex-novo production of greenhouse gases) and the deforestation (which causes a drastic reduction in photosynthesis by reducing the plant biomass). The study of the carbon dioxide cycle should be the cornerstone of any energy policy compatible with managing our environment and supporting sustainable development.
During these last years we had developed a multidisciplinary approach based on different (thermodynamic) methodologies in order to assess the sustainability of a territory or a region by the definition of some sustainability indices, especially the emergy-based ones,
Emergy was defined by H.T. Odum as the available solar energy used up directly or indirectly to make a service or product. The emergy concept is the basis of a system of indicators able to evaluate the efficiency, the environmental stress and the sustainable use of resources, involved in a single process or in a system at various scale. The total emergy can be divided into the renewable and non renewable inputs, into the local and imported from outside inputs: these distinctions allow the calculation of several indices useful for a deeper insight of the system under study.
The aim of this paper is to verify if a correlation exists between these holistic sustainability indices and the net CO2 equivalent emitted.
This correlation could offer new perspectives and directions in order to define new sustainability indices that take into account the resource use and the CO2 production.
As case studies we have selected several territorial systems in Italy, for preliminary results and comments
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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