1,720,954 research outputs found
Studien zur Rolle von Trimethylamin-N-oxid in Lipid- und Glukosestoffwechsel
Full text linkHintergrund: Trimethylamin-N-oxid (TMAO) rückte aufgrund beobachteter Assoziationen mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen, Atherosklerose und Diabetes in letzter Zeit vermehrt in den Fokus explorativer Studien. TMAO besitzt proatherosklerotisches Potential, greift in den Cholesterolstoffwechsel ein und liegt bei Diabetikern im Vergleich zur gesunden Bevölkerung in höheren Plasmakonzentrationen vor. Schlüsselenzym der TMAO-Synthese in der menschlichen Leber ist die Flavin Monooxygenase 3, ein Enzym, das auch am Xenobiotika-Metabolismus beteiligt ist.
Gegenstand und Methoden: Diese Arbeit stellt drei Studien vor, in denen unterschiedliche Teilaspekte des TMAO- und Cholin-Stoffwechsels untersucht wurden. Eine Studie beschäftigte sich mit der Reaktion akuter Fett- und Glukosebelastung im TMAO- und C1-Stoffwechsel bei 18 Probanden. In einer zweiten Studie wurde anhand von 331 Blutplasmaproben analysiert, ob zwischen den Konzentrationen an proatherogenem TMAO und antiatherogenem HDL eine Korrelation besteht. Eine weitere Studie untersuchte den Einfluss des Xenobiotikums Abirateronazetat auf die Metabolitkonzentrationen des TMAO- und Cholin-Stoffwechsels im Plasma bei 34 Patienten mit progressiv Chemotherapie-naivem Kastrations-resistentem Prostatakarzinom.
Ergebnisse: Nach akuter Fett- und Glukosebelastung zeigten sich Konzentrationsänderungen mehrerer Metabolite des Cholin- und TMAO-Stoffwechsels im Plasma. Während nach Fettbelastung die Cholin-Konzentrationen abnahmen, stiegen sie nach Glukosebelastung an. Vier Stunden nach der Fettbelastung fanden sich zudem signifikante Änderungen in abfallenden Betain- und Glukosekonzentrationen sowie ansteigenden Triglyceridkonzentrationen. Durch die Glukosebelastung konnte ein Abfall der C1-Donoren Dimethylglycin und S-Adenosylmethionin sowie von TMAO und Taurin verzeichnet werden. Im Quintilvergleich waren TMAO- und HDL-Plasmaspiegel nicht signifikant assoziiert. Nach Applikation von Abirateronazetat stieg
die TMAO-Konzentration nur in Therapiegruppe A. In der prozentualen Konzentrationsänderung fanden sich unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Ausgangskonzentrationen zwischen den Therapiegruppen keine Unterschiede.
Zusammenfassung: Nach akuter Fett- und Glukosebelastung wurden mehrere Parameter entdeckt, die als Marker für Fett- und Glukosestoffwechsel fungieren könnten. Eine Assoziation von antiatherogenen HDL- und proatherogenen TMAO-Plasmakonzentrationen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Zwischen der Applikation von Abirateronazetat und den Konzentrationen an TMAO war kein eindeutiger Zusammenhang erkennbar.Background: In recent time, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been focussed increasingly by exploratory studies caused by observations that associated it to cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. TMAO has pro-atherosclerotic potential, has been linked to cholesterol metabolism and its plasma
concentrations are increased in diabetics compared to the healthy population. The key enzyme of TMAO synthesis in human liver is the flavin-monooxygenase 3, an enzyme that is also involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Objectives and methods: This thesis presents three studies that analysed several aspects of TMAO and choline metabolism. One study examined the reaction of acute fat and glucose challenge in TMAO and C1 metabolism with 18 participants. Based on 331 blood plasma samples a second study analysed whether a correlation exists between pro-atherogenic TMAO and anti-atherogenic HDL. A third study investigated the influence of the xenobiotic abiraterone acetate to the plasma concentrations of metabolites in TMAO and choline metabolism with 34 patients with progressive chemotherapy-naı̈ve castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Results: Acute fat and glucose challenge changed plasma concentrations of several metabolites in TMAO and choline metabolism. While choline concentrations decreased after fat challenge, they increased after glucose challenge. Furthermore, four hours after fat challenge significant changes have been noticed in decreased betaine and glucose concentrations and increased triglyceride concentrations. Glucose challenge caused a decrease in C1 donors Dimethylglycin and S-adenosylmethionin as well as TMAO and taurine. A quintile comparison showed no significant association between TMAO and HDL plasma concentrations. After application of abiraterone acetate the TMAO concentration increased only in therapy group A. There were no differences in the percental concentration change between the therapy groups in consideration of the different baseline concentrations.
Conclusions: After acute fat and glucose challenge several metabolites were identified that could function as a marker in fat and glucose metabolism. An association between anti-atherogenic HDL and pro-atherogenic TMAO plasma concentrations could not be proved. A definite association could not be observed between the application of abiraterone acetate and the TMAO concentrations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
