1,721,032 research outputs found
Polarity correspondence in comparative number magnitude judgments
Full text linkWhen asked which of two digits is greater, participants respond more quickly if physical size corresponds to number magnitude, such as in 3 7, than when the two attributes contradict each other, such as in 3 7. This size congruence effect in comparative number judgments is a well-documented phenomenon. We extended existing findings by showing that this effect does not depend on physical size of the number alone but can be observed with number symmetry. In addition, we observed that symmetric numbers are judged as being smaller than asymmetric numbers, which renders an interpretation of the number symmetry congruence effect in terms of physical size implausible. We refer to the polarity correspondence principle (Proctor & Cho, 2006) to explain the present findings
Psychological factors in long-termsickness absence: the role of shame and social support: Epidemiological studies based on the Health Assets Project
Full text linkLong-term sickness absence (LTSA) is an important societal and public health challenge in many Western countries. To tackle the challenges, we need knowledge on risk factors for LTSA and what might prolong sickness absence. Transitions between work and sickness absence are influenced by a variety of factors and agents, including the sick-listed individual and his or her interaction in a social context. The individual’s thoughts, emotions, behaviour and social experiences throughout the sickness absence process are therefore always relevant and will often play an important role. Despite this, there are considerable knowledge gaps in the epidemiological literature regarding social psychological aspects of LTSA. In particular, the role of individuals’ emotions in sickness absence is hardly examined. Furthermore, little is known about associations between the individual’s history of sickness absence and social inclusion and support at work. Thus, there is a need for novel research approaches and study designs to address these issues. The overall aim of this thesis was to increase knowledge about how he social psychological aspects shame and social support relate to long-term sickness absence in the general population. Selective research participation presents an important threat for generalizability of epidemiological studies and more knowledge is needed on selective participation by sickness absence. An additional aim was therefore to examine if history of sickness absence is associated with survey participation. This thesis is based upon three papers, all employing data from the baseline survey of the Swedish, general population-based Health Assets Project (HAP). This survey was conducted in 2008, and linked to official registries of sickness absence (LISA) from the period 2001 to 2009. HAP was specifically designed to gain knowledge about sickness absence, work and health. Three samples, aged 19-64 years, were included: a random general population sample (random-PS) and two samples including individuals with a recent episode of registered sickness absence (employer-reported › 14 days and self-reported other insured ›1 day). In paper I the employer-reported sample was used, in paper II the random general population sample and in paper III all three samples were included. As sickness absence can be a process over time, correlates of both recent and more distant sickness absence was examined. In paper I, the specific aim was to study relationships between shame concerning being sickness absent and LTSA among current sick-listed employees. Levels of shame were found to differ between subgroups of absentees. There was a particularly high level of shame reported among the younger, and those absent due to mental illnesses. Those reporting high levels of shame were more likely to have prolonged sickness absence the subsequent year. The aim in paper II was to examine associations between history of LTSA across seven years and current perceived social support at work among employees. The results showed that those with previous LTSA, and in particular those with high levels of absence over several years, were more likely to report low social support at work and low immediate superior support. The aim of paper III was to examine if history of sickness absence was associated with participation in the HAP survey. No substantial selection by sickness absence was found. Yet, overall participants had somewhat less registered sickness absence in the past than nonparticipants. Participants were also more likely than nonparticipants to be women, older, born in the Nordic countries, married and have higher incomes. This thesis shows the complexity, but also also the importance, of expanding the scientific knowledge on social psychological factors in sickness absence. The examination of sickness absence over nearly a decade provided new and more detailed knowledge about patterns of sickness absence, and their associations with social psychological factors and survey participation. The findings show that LTSA can have negative social implications for the sick-listed individual, more specifically in terms of shame and low perceived social support at work, which may further become barriers towards return to work. Thus, the findings underscore that return to work interventions could benefit from taking into account social psychological aspects of LTSA to secure sustainable work retention
Gastrointestinale symptom, deira relasjon til angst og depresjon og konsekvensar for sjukemelding i den generelle befolkninga
Full text linkGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common and in most cases, they cannot be explained by objectively observable abnormalities. Like other common symptoms or complaints, GI-symptoms are associated with anxiety, depression, other somatic complaints and an increased use of the healthcare system. In this study, the association between GI-symptoms and anxiety and depression was examined in a large population-based sample from the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). Frequencies of GI-symptoms were self-reported, and anxiety and depression was measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition, the health study linked to sickness absence data from the Norwegian National Insurance Administration was employed to investigate if gastrointestinal symptoms predicted sickness absence in a historical cohort design. Of the participants (n=13 918), 22.5% reported at least one GI-symptom (often or most of the time). Anxiety and depression was significantly more prevalent in this group, compared to those not having such complaints (p<.001). Moreover, the odds for long term sickness absence was about 50% higher in the GI-symptom group when adjusted for gender and demographic variables. However, the results indicate that comorbid anxiety, depression and to a high extent somatisation, attenuate the association between GI-symptoms and sickness absence in the general population. In general, the results suggest that multidimensional models could enhance the clinical approaches to patients with these complaints, and also improve research to better understand GI-symptoms and their consequences in the general population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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